ChinaLegendary Empirec. 2200 - 1800 BC Kingdom of Xia1800 - 1722 BC Kingdom of Shang1016 - 249 BC Kingdom of Zhou304 - 439 BC Era of disunity, 16 Kingdoms period475 - 207 BC Chinese Empire unified under Kingdom of Qin207 - 202 Han-Chu contention, Era of the 18 Kingdoms202 - 420 Chinese Empire420 - 589 Divided in to Northern and Southern dynasties907 - 979 Era of the "5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms"20 Mar 1270 - 20 Jan 1368 Yuan (Mongol) dynasty under Mongolian Empire28 Jan 1368 - 25 Apr 1644 Great Ming Empire01 Oct 1644 - 31 Dec 1911 Great Qing (Jing [Manchu]) Empire14 Nov 1860 Russia annexes left bank of the Amur river02 Jul 1895 - 25 Oct 1945 Taiwan annexed by JapanNov 1897 Russia annexes Northwest Manchuria1899 - 07 Sep 1901 Boxer rebelion10 Oct 1911 - 12 Feb 1912 Xinhai Revolution01 Jan 1912 Republic of China12 Feb 1912 Abdication of the Emperor22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 Empire of China22 Mar 1916 Republic of China (restored)01 Jul - 12 Jul 1917 Brief restoration of the Great Qing Empire12 Jul 1917 Republic of China (re-restored)01 Dec 1931 - 15 Oct 1934 Sovet Republic of China declared in Kiangsi07 Jul 1937 - 15 Aug 1945 Manchuria occupied by Japan15 Aug 1945 - May 1946 Manchuria under Soviet occupation01 Oct 1949 People's Republic of China20 Oct 1949 Urgystan (East Turkistan) re-incorporated into China02 Dec 1949 Inner Mongolia re-integrated into China07 Oct 1950 Tibet occupied by China, annexed 195101 Jul 1997 Re-integration of Hong Kong20 Dec 1999 Re-integration MacaoChinese SpellingQ=CH, ZH=J, X=SH, C=Ts.
Chinese Empire
Imperial emblem to 1911 1890-1911, 1917 (1924)ming (Personal name)miaohao (Temple name)shi (Posthumos name)niaohao (Era name)Government: Monarchy.Capital: Peking.Language: Guanhua Chinese, Manchu.Religion: Confucianism, Taoism, Shamanism, Buddhism, Islam.National Anthem: "Gong Jin'ou" ("Cup of Solid Gold") (1911).National Day: Emperors Birthday, 07 February (1906).National Emblem: Chinese Dragon.Currency: Silver Tael.EmperorsYou ChaoSui RenThree August OnesTai Hao Feng Fuxi The Ox-tamerYan Di Jiang Xen NuwaHuang Di Gongsun Xuan Yuan Yellow EmperorFive EmperorsJi Xao Hao Ji TianDi Ku Ji Goa XinDi Zhi Ji Goa XinJi Tang TaoYao Yu XunKingdom of Xia2100-2055 Si Yu Di The Great2055-2016 Si Qu2016-1986 Si Tai Kang1986-1977 Si Zhong Kong1977-1970 Si Xiang1970-???? Xao KungZhuHuaiMangXieBu ZhiangZhiangJunGaoFu1801-1800 JiaKingdom of Xang1800-1797 Tong1797-1781 Wai BongZhong RenTai JinWo DongTai GongXiao ZhinYong ZhoTai WuZhong DongWai RenHe Den JinZo YoWo JinZo DongNan GongYang JinPan GongXiao XanXiao YuWo DongZo Gong1251-1250 Zu Zhin1250-1191 Lon Xon1191-1147 Gong Dong1147-1112 Wu Yu1112-1101 Tai Dong1101-1076 Di Yo1075-1046 Di XanKingdom of Zhou1046-1043 Ji Fashi: Zhou Xiaowuwang1043-1021 Ji Songshi: Zho Chengwang1021-996 Ji Zhaoshi: Zhou Kangwang996-977 Ji Xiashi: Zhou Zhaowang977-922 Ji Manshi: Zhou Muwang922-900 Ji Yihushi: Zhou Gongwang900-892 Ji Jianshi: Zhou Yiwang I892-885 Ji Pifangshi: Zhou Xiowang885-878 Ji Xieshi: Zhou Yiwang II877-841 Ji Lishi: Zhou Liwang827-782 Ji Jangshi: Zhou Xuanwang782-770 Ji Gongshengshi: Zhou Youwang770-720 Ji Yijiushi: Zhou Pingwang720-697 Ji Linshi: Zhou Huanwang697-681 Ji Tuoshi: Zhou Zhuanwang681-676 Ji Huqishi: Zhou Xiwang676-652 Ji Xishi: Zhou Huiwang I652-619 Ji Langshi: Zhou Xianwang619-613 Ji Renchenshi: Zhou Qingwang613-607 Ji Banshi: Zhou Kuangwang606-586 Ji Yushi: Zhou Dingwang586-572 Ji Yishi: Zhou Jianwang572-544 Ji Xiexinshi: Zhou Lingwang544-521 Ji Gishi: Zhou Jingwang I521-519 Ji Mengshi: Zhou Daowang519-476 Ji Gaishi: Zhou Jingwang II476-469 Ji Renshi: Zhou Yuanwang469-441 Ji Jieshi: Zhou Zhendingwang441 Ji Qujishi: Zhou Aiwang441 Ji Shushi: Zhou Siwang440-426 Ji Weishi: Zhou Kaowang426-402 Ji Wushi: Zhou Weiliewang402-376 Ji Jiaoshi: Zhou Anwang376-369 Ji Xishi: Zhou Liewang369-321 Ji Bianshi: Zhou Xianwang321-315 Ji Dingshi: Zhou Shenjingwang315-256 Ji Yanshi: Zhou Nanwang256-249 Ji Jieshi: Zhou Huiwang IIKingdom of Qin, Qin Dynasty302 - 250 Ying Zeshi: Zhaoxiang250 - 249 Ying Zhushi: Xiaowen249 - 247 Ying Zichushi: Zhuangxiang07 May 247 - 10 Sep 210 Ying Zhengshi: Qin Shihuangdi (The First Emperor)10 Sep 210 - Oct 207 Ying Huhaishi: Er Shi HuangdiOct - Dec 207 Ying ZiyingChu DynastyDec 207 - Jan 205 Min Xinshi: Yi / nianhao: Huai IlWestern Han Dyansty28 Feb 202 - 01 Jun 195 Liu Bangshi: Gaozu01 Jun 195 - Oct 188 Liu Yingshi: XiaohuiOct 188 - 184 Liu Gongshi: Qiansho184 - Oct 180 Liu Hongshi: HoushaodiOct 180 - Jul 157 Liu Hengmiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Xiaowennianhao: HouyuanJul 157 - 09 Mar 141 Liu Qimiaohao: ? / shi: Jingdinianhao: Qianyuan09 Mar 141 - 29 Mar 87 Liu Chemiaohao: Shizong / shi: Wudinianhao: 12 in total30 Mar 87 - 74 Liu Fulingmiaohao: ? / shi: Zhaodinianhao: Yuanping74 - 49 Liu Bingyimiaohao: Zhongzhong/ shi: Xuannianhao: 8 in total49 - 33 Liu Yimiaohao: ? / shi: Xiaoyuannianhao: Yongguang33 - 07 Liu Aomiaohao: ? / shi: Xiaochengnianhao: 7 in total07 - 00 Liu Xinmiaohao: ? / shi: Xiaoainianhao: Jianping00 - 05 Liu Kanmiaohao: ? / shi: Xiaopingnianhao: Yuanshi05 - Jan 09 Liu Yingmiaohao: ? / shi: Ruzinianhao: JusheXin Dynasty09 - 06 Oct 23 Wang Mangnianhao: Shijianguo 9-13, Tianfeng 14-19, Dihuang 20-23Easten Han Dynasty07 Oct 23 - 24 Aug 25 Liu Xuanmiaohao: ?/ shi:nianhao: Gengshi25 Aug 25 - 29 Mar 57 Liu Xiumiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Guangwunianhao: Jianwu30 Mar 57 - 75 Liu Yangmiaohao: Xianzong/ shi: Ming Dinianhao: Yongping75 - 88 Liu Damiaohao: Suzong/ shi: Xiaozhangnianhao: 3 in total88 - Aug 105 Liu Zhaomiaohao: Muzong/ shi: Xiaohenianhao: YongyuanAug 105 - Sep 106 Liu Longmiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaoshangnianhao: YanpingSep 106 - 125 Liu Humiaohao: Gongzong/ shi: Xiaoannianhao: 5 in total125 Liu Yi (Marquess of Beixiang)nianhao: Yanguang125 - 145 Liu Baomiaohao: Jingzong/ shi: Xiaoshunnianhao: 5 in total145 - 146 Liu Bingshi: Xiaochong/ nianhao: Yongxi146 - 147 Liu Zuanmiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaozhinianhao: Benchu147 - 168 Liu Zhimiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaohuannianhao: 7 in total168 - 13 May 189 Liu Hongmiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaolingnianhao: 4 in total15 May - 28 Sep 189 Liu Bianmiaohao: ?/ shi: Hongnongnianhao: Zhaoning28 Sep 190 - 10 Dec 220 Liu Xiemiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaoxiannianhao: 5 in totalKingdom of Han221 - 10 Jun 223 Liu Beimiaohao: Xuande/ shi: Zhaolienianhao: Zhangwu22 Jun 223 - 263 Liu Shanmiaohao: Gongsi/ shi: Xiaohuainianhao:4 in totalKingdom of Wei10 Dec 220 - 29 Jun 226 Cao Pimiaohao: Gaozu/ shi: Wen Dinianhao: Huangchu30 Jun 226 - 22 Jan 239 Cao Ruimiaohao: Liezu/ shi: Ming Dinianhao: 3 in total23 Jan 239 - 254 Cao Fangmiaohao: Lanqing/ shi: Qi Wangnianhao: Zhengshi 240-49, Jiaping 249-54254 - 260 Cao Maomiaohao: Yanshi/ shi: Gaoguixiang Gongnianhao: Zhengyuan 254-56, Ganlu 256-60260 - 265 Cao Huanmiaohao: Jingming/ shi: Yuan Dinianhao: Jingyuan 260-64, Xianxi 264-65Kingdom of Wu222 - 252 Sun Quanmiaohao: Zhongmou/ shi: Dongwudadinianhao: 6 in total252 - 258 Sun Liangmiaohao: Fei Di/ shi: Kuaiji Wangnianhao: 3 in total258 - 03 Sep 264 Sun Xiamiaohao: Zilie/ shi: Jing Dinianhao: Yongan04 Sep 264 - Mar 280 Sun Haomiaohao: Yuanzong/ shi:Nonenianhao: 8 in totalJin Dynasty- Western Jin -08 Feb 266 - 17 May 290 Sima Yan Imiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Wunianhao:4 in total17 May 290 - 08 Jan 307 Sima Lunmiaohao: Hui Di/ shi: Xiaohuinianhao: 11 in total08 Jan 307 - Aug 311 Sima Chimiaohao: Huai Di/ shi: Xiaohuainianhao: YongjiaAug 311 - Oct 316 Sima Yemiaohao: Min Di/ shi: Xiaominnianhao: Jianxing- Eastern Jin -Feb 317 - 03 Jan 323 Sima Ruimiaohao: Zhongzong/ shi: Yuannianhao: Jianwu 317-18, Taixing 318-21, Yongchang 322-2303 Jan 323 - 18 Oct 325 Sima Shaomiaohao: Suzu/ shi: Mingnianhao: Taining19 Oct 325 - 26 Jul 342 Sima Yan IImiaohao: Xianzong/ shi: Chengnianhao: Xianhe 326-34, Xiankang 335-4227 Jul 342 - 17 Nov 344 Sima Yueshi: Kang Di/ nianhao: Jianyuan18 Nov 344 - 10 Jul 361 Sima Danmiaohao: Xianzong/ shi: Mu Dinianhao: Yonghe 345-57, Shengping, 357-6111 Jul 361 - 30 Mar 365 Sima Pishi: Ai Dinianhao: Longhe 362-63. Xingning 363-3531 Mar 365 - 06 Jan 372 Sima Yimiaohao: Fei Di/ shi: ?nianhao: Taihe07 Jan - 12 Sep 372 Sima Yumiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Jianwennianhao: Xianan13 Sep 372 - 05 Nov 396 Sima Yaomiaohao: ?/ shi: Xiaowunianhao: Ningkang 372-76, Taiyuan 376-9606 Nov 396 - 28 Jan 419 Sima Dezongmiaohao: ?/ shi: An Dinianhao: Longan 397-401, Yuanxing 402-04, Yixi 404-1930 Jan 419 - 10 Jul 420 Sima Dewenmiaohao: ?/ shi: Gong Dinianhao: YuanxiLiu Song DynastyOct 420 - Jun 422 Liu Yu Imiaohao: Gaozu/ shi: Wunianhao: YongchuJul 422 - 424 Liu Yifushi: Shao/ nianhao: Jingping424 - Feb 453 Liu Yilongmiaohao: Taizu/ shi: Jingnianhao: Taichu453 Liu Shaoshi: Yuanxiong/ nianhao: Taichu453 - 464 Hsiao Liu Junmiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Xiaowunianhao: Xiaojian12 Jul 464 - 01 Jan 466 Liu Ziyeshi: Qian Fei/ nianhao: Yongguang01 Jan 466 - Aug 472 Liu Yu IImiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Mingnianhao: TaishiAug 472 - Aug 477 Liu Yu IIIshi: Hou Fei/ nianhao: YuanhuiAug 477 - 479 Liu Zhunshi: Shun /nianhao: ShengmingSouthern Qi Dynasty479 - 482 Xiao Daochengmiaohao: Gaozu / shi: Gaonianhao: Jianyuan482 - 493 Xiao Zemiaohao: Shizu / shi: Wunianhao: Yongming493 - 494 Xiao Zhaoyemiaohao:None / shi: Yulinnianhao: Longchang494 Xiao Zhaowenmiaohao:None / shi: Gongnianhao: Yanxing494 - 498 Xiao Luanmiaohao: Gaozong/ shi: Mingnianhao: Jianwu499 - 501 Xiao Baojuanmiaohao: Zhizang / shi: Dong Hunnianhao: Yongyuan501 - 502 Xiao Baorongmiaohao: Zhizhao / shi: He Dinianhao: ZhongxingLiang Dynasty502 - Aug 549 Xiao Yanmiaohao: Gaozu/ shi: Wu Dinianhao: 7 in totalAug 549 - 551 Xiao Gangmiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Jianwen Dinianhao: Dabao551 - 552 Xai-Dongshi: Yu Zhang Wang/nianhao: Tianzheng13 Dec 552 - 07 Jan 555 Xiao Yimiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Xai Yuannianhao: Chengsheng07 Jan - 31 Oct 555 Xai Yuanmingmiaohao: Zhenyang Hou/ shi: Yuan Di Minnianhao: Tianchen01 Nov 555 - 16 Nov 557 Xiao Fangzhishi: Jing Di/nianhao: TaipingNorthern Qi Dynasty09 Nov 550 - 25 Nov 559 Gao Yangmiaohao: Xianzu/ shi: Wenshuanniaohao: Tianbao04 Dec 559 - 08 Sep 560 Gao Yinmiaohao: / shi: Feiniaohao: Qianming09 Sep 560 - 561 Gao Yanmiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Xiaozhaoniaohao: Taining 561-62, Heqing 562-65561 - 565 Gao Danmiaohao: Suzong/ shi: Wuchengniaohao: Huangjian08 Jun 565 - 04 Feb 577 Gao Weimiaohao: Houzhu/ shi: Rengangniaohao: Tiantong 565-70, Wuping 570-76, Longhua 576-7704 Feb - Dec 577 Gao Hengmiaohao: Youzhu niaohao: ChengguanSouthern Chen DynastyDec 557 - Jul 559 Chen Baxianmiaohao: Gaozu/ shi: Wu Dinianhao: YongdingJul 559 - Jun 566 Chen Qianmiaohao: Shizu/ shi: Wennianhao: TianjiaJun 566 - Dec 568 Chen Bozongshi: Fei Di/nianhao: GuangdaJan 569 - Mar 582 Chen Xumiaohao: Gaozong/ shi: Xuan Dinianhao: Tiajian20 Feb 582 - 10 Feb 589 Chen Shubaomiaohao: Houzhu/ shi: Yangnianhao: ZhenmingSui Dynasty04 Mar 581 - 13 Aug 604 Yang Jianmiaohao: Gaozu/shi: Wen Dinianhao: Kaihuang21 Aug 604 - 11 Apr 618 Yang Guang (Duke of Xi)miaohao: Shizu/ shi: Yang Dinianhao: Daye18 Dec 617 - 12 Jun 618 Yang Youshi: Yang Di/nianhao: Daye22 Jun 618 - 23 May 619 Yang Tongshi: Gong/nianhao: Huangtai(Emperor in rebellion, Duke of Lu)Tang Dynasty18 Jun 618 - 04 Sep 626 Li Yuanmiaohao: Gaozu/ shi: Shenyaonianhao: Wude04 Sep 626 - 10 Jul 649 Li Shiminmiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Wen Huangdinianhao: Zhenguan15 Jul 649 - 27 Dec 683 Li Zhinumiaohao: Gaozong/ shi: Tianhuangnianhao:15 in total03 Jan - 26 Feb 684 Li Xian (1st Time)miaohao: Zhongzong/ shi: Xiaohenianhao: Sisheng27 Feb 684 - 08 Oct 690 Li Dan (1st Time)miaohao: Ruizong/ shi: Shengzhennianhao: 5 in totalZhou Dynasty18 Oct 690 - 22 Feb 705 Empress Wu Zhaomiaohao: Wu Ze Tian/ shi: Zetiannianhao: 12 in totalTang Dynasty23 Feb 705 - 03 Jul 710 Li Xian (2nd Time)nianhao: Shenlong 705-07, Jinglong 707-1008 Jul - 23 Jul 710 Li Chongmaomiaohao: Shang Di/ shi: Shangnianhao: Tanglong24 Jul 710 - 31 Aug 712 Li Dan (2nd Time)nianhao: Jingyun08 Sep 712 - 13 Aug 756 Li Longjimiaohao: Wuanzong/ shi: Mingnianhao: Xiantian 712-13, Kaiyuan 713-41, Tianbao 742-5613 Aug 756 - 16 May 762 Li Hengmiaohao: Suzong/ shi: Wenmingnianhao: 4 in total18 May 762 - 23 May 779 Li Yumiaohao: Daizong/ shi: Ruiwen Xiaowunianhao: Guangdi 763-64, Yontai 765-66, Dali 766-7912 Jun 779 - 25 Feb 805 Li Guamiaohao: Dezong/ shi: Shenwu Xiaowennianhao: Jianzhong 780-83, Xingyuan 784, Zhengyuan 785-80528 Feb - 31 Aug 805 Li Songmiaohao: Shunzong/ shi: Zhidenianhao: Shunzong05 Sep 805 - 14 Feb 820 Li Chunmiaohao: Xianzong/ shi: Zhangwunianhao: Yuanhe20 Feb 820 - 25 Feb 824 Li Hengmiaohao: Muzong/ shi: Ruisheng Wenhui Xiaonianhao: Changqing29 Feb 824 - 09 Jan 827 Li Zhanmiaohao: Jingzong/ shi: Zhaominnianhao: Baoli13 Jan 827 - 10 Feb 840 Li Angmiaohao: Wenzong/ shi: Zhaoxiannianhao: Dahe20 Feb 840 - 22 Apr 846 Li Yanmiaohao: Wuzong/ shi: Zedao Zhaosui Xiaonianhao: Huichang25 Apr 846 - 07 Sep 859 Li Chenmiaohao: Wuanzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Daizhong13 Sep 859 - 15 Aug 873 Li Cuimiaohao: Yi Zong/nianhao: Xiantong16 Aug 873 - 20 Apr 888 Li Xuanmiaohao: Xi Zong/nianhao: Xiantong20 Apr 888 - 22 Sep 904 Li Yemiaohao: Zhaozong/nianhao: Tanyou26 Sep 904 - 12 May 907 Li Zhumiaohao: Ai Di/nianhao: LongjiLiang Dynasty01 Jun 907 - 18 Jul 912 Zhu Wenmiaohao: Taizu/ shi: Xianwunianhao: Kaiping21 Jul 912 - 27 Mar 913 Zhu Younguinianhao: Qianghua28 Mar 913 - 18 Nov 923 Zhu Zhenshi: Modi/nianhao: ZhenmingLater Tang Dynasty13 May 923 - 25 May 926 Li Cunxumiaohao: Zhunag Zong/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Tongguang03 Jun 926 - 15 Dec 933 Li Siyuanmiaohao: Ming Zong/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Changxing17 Dec 933 - 20 May 934 Li Conghoushi: Min Di/nianhao: Yingshun21 May 934 - 11 Jan 937 Li Congkeshi: Mo Di/nianhao: QingtaiLater Jin Dynasty28 Nov 936 - 28 Jul 942 Shi Jingtangmiaohao: Gao Zu I/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Tainfu942 - 947 Shi Chongguishi: Chu Di/nianhao: KaiyunLater Han Dynasty10 Mar 947 - 10 Mar 948 Liu Zhiyuanmiaohao: Gao Zu II/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Qianyou14 Mar 948 - 02 Jan 951 Liu Chengyoushi: Yin Di/nianhao: QianyouZhou Dynasty13 Feb 951 - 22 Feb 954 Guo Weimiaohao: Tai Zu/nianhao: Xiande26 Feb 954 - 27 Jul 959 Chai Rongmiaohao: Shi Zong/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Xiande27 Jul 959 - 03 Feb 960 Chai Zongxunshi: Gong Di/nianhao: XiandeSong Dynasty04 Feb 960 - 14 Nov 976 Zhao Kuangyinmiaohao: Taizu/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Jianlong, Qiande, Kaibao15 Nov 976 - 08 May 997 Zhao Kuangyimiaohao: Taizong/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Taipingxingguo23 Dec 997 - 23 Mar 1022 Zhao Hengmiaohao: Zhenzong/ shi:Never used in short formnianhao: Xianping24 Mar 1022 - 30 Apr 1063 Zhao Zhenmiaohao: Renzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Tiansheng 1023-1032, Jiayou 1056-6302 May 1063 - 25 Jan 1067 Zhao Shumiaohao: Yingzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Zhiping26 Jan 1067 - 01 Apr 1085 Zhao Xu Imiaohao: Shenzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Xining 1068-77, Yuanfeng 1078-8502 Apr 1085 - 23 Feb 1100 Zhao Xu IImiaohao: Zhezong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Yuanyou 1086-1094, Yuanfu 1098-110024 Feb 1100 - 18 Jan 1126 Zhao Jimiaohao: Huizong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Jianzhongjingguo 1101-02, Xuanhe 1119-2519 Jan 1126 - 09 Jan 1127 Zhao Huanmiaohao: Qinzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Jingkong- Western Xia Dynasty -10 Nov 1038 - 19 Jan 1048 Li Yuanhaomiaohao: Jingzong/ shi: Wuliedinianhao: Tianshoulifayanzuo1047 - 1067 Li Liangzuomiaohao: Yizong/ shi: Zhaoyingdinianhao: Gonghua1067 - 1086 Li Bingchangmiaohao: Huizong/ shi: Kangjingdinianhao: Tiananliding1086 - 1139 Li Qianshunmiaohao: Chongzong/ shi: Shengwendinianhao: Dade1139 - 1193 Li Renxiaomiaohao: Renzong/ shi: Shengzhendinianhao: Qianyou1193 - 1206 Li Chunyoumiaohao: Huanzong/ shi: Zhaojianjinianhao: Tianqing1206 - 05 Aug 1211 Li Anquanmiaohao: Xiangzong/ shi: Jingwudinianhao: Huangjian12 Aug 1211 - 1223 Li Zunxumiaohao: Shenzong/ shi: Yingwendinianhao: Guangding1223 - 1226 Li Dewangmiaohao: Xianzong/nianhao: Qianding1226 - 1227 Li Xianmiaohao: Mozhu/nianhao: BaoyiNorthern Jin Dynasty28 Jan 1115 - 19 Sep 1123 Wanyan Agudamiaohao: Taizu/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Tianfu27 Sep 1123 - 09 Feb 1134 Wanyan Shengmiaohao: Taizong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Tianhui10 Feb 1134 - 09 Jan 1150 Wanyan Helamiaohao: Xizong shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Huangtong 1141-114909 Jan 1150 - 15 Dec 1161 Wanyan Digunaishi: Hailingwangnianhao: Zhenglong 1156-6127 Oct 1161 - 20 Jan 1189 Wanyan Wulumiaohao: Shizong shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Dading20 Jan 1190 - 29 Dec 1208 Wanyan Jingmiaohao: Zhangzong shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Mingchang 1190-96, Cheng'an 1196-99, Taihe 1200-0829 Dec 1208 - 11 Sep 1213 Wanyan Yongjishi: Weishaowangnianhao: Chongqing22 Sep 1213 - 14 Jan 1224 Wanyan Xunmiaohao: Xuanzong shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Yuanguang15 Jan 1224 - 08 Feb 1234 Wanyan Shouxumiaohao: Aizong shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Tianxing 1232-3409 Feb 1234 Wanyan Chenglinshi: ModiSouthern Song Dynasty12 Jun 1127 - 24 Jul 1162 Zhao Goumiaohao: Gaozong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Jianyan 1127-30, Shaoxing 1131-6224 Jul 1162 - 18 Feb 1189 Zhao Shenmiaohao: Xiaozong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Longxing 1163-64, Chunxi 1174-8918 Feb 1189 - 05 Jul 1194 Zhao Dunmiaohao: Guangzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Shaoxi24 Jul 1194 - 17 Sep 1224 Zhao Kuomiaohao: Ningzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Qingyuan 1194-99, Jiading 1208-2417 Sep 1224 - 16 Nov 1264 Zhao Yunmiaohao: Lizong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Baoqing 1225-27, Jingding 1260-6416 Nov 1264 - 12 Aug 1274 Zhao Qimiaohao: Duzong/ shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Xianchun12 Aug 1274 - 04 Feb 1276 Zhao Xianmiaohao: Gongzong/ shi: Gongdinianhao: Deyou14 Jun 1276 - 08 May 1278 Zhao Shimiaohao: Duan Zong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Jingyan09 May 1278 - 19 Mar 1279 Zhao Bingshi: Weiwangnianhao: XiangxingDai Ön Ulus Yüan (Birjigin) Dynasty20 Mar 1279 - 18 Feb 1294 Khubilai Khanmiaohao: Shizu / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Zhiyuan18 Feb 1294 - 02 Feb 1307 Temür Öljeytü Khanmiaohao: Chengzong / shi: Qin Ming Guang Xiao Huangdinianhao: Yuanzhen02 Feb 1307 - 27 Jan 1311 Külüg qayanmiaohao: Wuzong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Zhida07 Apr 1311 - 01 Mar 1320 Ayurbarwada Buyantumiaohao: Renzong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Huangqing 1312-13, Yanyou 1314-2019 Apr 1320 - 04 Sep 1323 Shidibala Geegenmiaohao: Yingzong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Zhizhi04 Oct 1323 - 15 Aug 1328 Yesün Temürmiaohao: Jinzong / shi: Taiding Dinianhao: Taiding15 Aug - 14 Nov 1328 Arigabagshi: Tianshun Di/nianhao: Tianshun16 Oct 1328 - 27 Feb 1329 Jijaghatu Toq-Temür (1st Time)miaohao: Wenzong / shi: Shengming Yuan Xiao Huangdinianhao: Tianli 1328-29, Zhishun 1329-3227 Feb - 30 Aug 1329 Qutuytu qayanmiaohao: Mingzong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Tienli08 Sep 1329 - 02 Sep 1332 Jijaghatu Toq-Temür (2nd Time)nianhao: Zhishun02 Sep - 14 Dec 1332 Irinchinbal Khanmiaohao: Ningzong / shi: Never used in short formnianhao: Zhinshun19 Jul 1333 - 20 Jan 1368 Toghan-Temürmiaohao: Huizong / shi: Shundinianhao: Yuantong 1333-35, Zhiyuan 1335-40, Zhizheng 1340-68Ming Dynasty28 Jan 1368 - 24 Jun 1398 Zhu Yuanzhangmiaohao: Gaodi/ shi: Taizunianhao: Hongwu30 Jun 1398 - 13 Jul 1402 Zhu Yunwenmiaohao: Huidi/ shi:nianhao: Jianwen17 Jul 1402 - 12 Aug 1424 Zhu Dimiaohao: Wendi/ shi: Chengzunianhao: Yongle07 Sep 1424 - 29 May 1425 Zhu Gaochimiaohao: Zhaodi/ shi: Renzongnianhao: Hongxi27 Jun 1425 - 31 Jan 1435 Zhu Zhanjimiaohao: Zhangdi/ shi: Xuanzongnianhao: Xuande07 Feb 1435 - 01 Sep 1449 Zhu Qizhen (1st Time)miaohao: Ruidi/ shi: Yingzongnianhao: Zhengtong22 Sep 1449 - 11 Feb 1457 Zhu Qiyumiaohao: Jingdi/ shi: Daizongnianhao: Jingtai11 Feb 1457 - 23 Feb 1464 Zhu Qizhen (2nd Time)nianhao: Tianshun28 Feb 1464 - 09 Sep 1487 Zhu Jianshenmiaohao: Chundi/ shi: Xianzongnianhao: Chenghua22 Sep 1487 - 08 Jun 1505 Zhu Youtangmiaohao: Jingdi/ shi: Xiaozongnianhao: Hongzhi19 Jun 1505 - 20 Apr 1521 Zhu Houzhaomiaohao: Yidi/ shi: Wuzongnianhao: Zhengde27 May 1521 - 23 Jan 1567 Zhu Houcongmiaohao: Sudi/ shi: Shizongnianhao: Jiajing04 Feb 1567 - 05 Jul 1572 Zhu Zhaihoumiaohao: Zhuangdi/ shi: Muzongnianhao: Longqing19 Jul 1572 - 18 Aug 1620 Zhu Yijunmiaohao: Xiandi/ shi: Shenzongnianhao: Wanli28 Aug - 26 Sep 1620 Zhu Changlumiaohao: Shih Tsu/ shi: Guangzongnianhao: Tiachang01 Oct 1620 - 30 Sep 1627 Zhu Youjiaomiaohao: Shih Tsu/ shi: Zhang huangdinianhao: Shun Chih02 Oct 1627 - 25 Apr 1644 Zhu Youjianmiaohao: Zhuangliemin/ shi: Sizongnianhao: Chongzhen- Southern Ming Dynasty -Apr 1644 - Jun 1645 Zhu Yousongmiaohao: Anzong/nianhao: HongguangAug 1645 - 06 Oct 1646 Zhu Yujianmiaohao: Shaozong/nianhao: Longwu1645 Prince Zhu Changfang(Regent)1645 - 1653 Prince Zhu Yihai(Regent)18 Nov 1646 - Apr 1662 Zhu Youlangmiaohao: Zhaozong/nianhao: YongliDec 1646 - Jan 1647 Zhu Yuyuenianhao: ShaowuShun DynastyApr - 05 Jun 1644 Li Zichengnianhao: Chuang WangQing (Aisin-Gioro) Dynasty01 Oct 1644 - 05 Feb 1661 Fulin ................................... 1638-1661miaohao: Shih Tsu/ shi: Zhang huangdinianhao: Shunzhi07 Feb 1661 - 20 Dec 1722 Xuanye .................................. 1654-1722miaohao: Sheng Tsu/ shi: Ren huangdinianhao: Kangxi27 Dec 1722 - 08 Oct 1735 Yinzhen ................................. 1678-1735miaohao: Shi Tsung/ shi: Xian huangdinianhao: Yongzhen18 Oct 1735 - 09 Feb 1796 Hongli .................................. 1711-1796miaohao: Kao Tsung/ shi: Chun huangdinianhao: Qianlong09 Feb 1796 - 02 Sep 1820 Yongyan ................................. 1760-1820miaohao: Jen Tsung/ shi: Rui huangdinianhao: Jiaqing03 Oct 1820 - 25 Feb 1850 Minning ................................. 1782-1850miaohao: Xuanzong/ shi: Cheng huangdinianhao: Daoguang09 Mar 1850 - 22 Aug 1861 Yizhu ................................... 1831-1861miaohao: Wenzong/ shi: Xian huangdinianhao: Xianfeng22 Aug 1861 - 12 Jan 1875 Regents- Empress Dowager Cixi .................... 1835-1908(1st Time)- Empress Dowager Ci'an ................... 1837-1881- Prince Kong11 Nov 1861 - 12 Jan 1875 Zaichun ................................. 1856-1875miaohao: Muzong/ shi: Yi hiangdinianhao: Tongzhi12 Jan 1875 - 04 Mar 1889 Empress Dowager Cixi(Regent, 2nd Time)14 Nov 1875 - 14 Nov 1908 Zaitian ................................. 1871-1908miaohao: Dezong/ shi: Jing huangdinianhao: Guangxu21 Aug 1900 - 15 Nov 1908 Empress Dowager Cixi(Regent (de facto), 3rd Time)15 Nov 1908 - 31 Dec 1911 Prince Chun ............................. 1882-1951(Regent)02 Dec 1908 - 12 Feb 1912 Puyi .................................... 1906-1967miaohao: Gongzong/ shi: Mindinianhao: Xuangtong (1st Time)01 Jan 1909 - 12 Feb 1912 Empress Longyu Xiaoding ................. 1868-1913(holder of the Imperial seal, acting)22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 Yuan Shikai ............................. 1859-1916nianhao: Hongxian(Non-dynastic Emperor)01 Jul - 12 Jul 1917 Puyi (2nd Time)(Emperor within the Forbidden City to 1924)Premiers (serving jointly)06 Jan 1900 - 21 Jun 1907 Wang Wenshao ............................ 1830-190831 Jan 1902 - 18 Sep 1909 Sun Jianai .............................. 1827-1909Oct 1903 - 16 Oct 1904 Jiangxin09 Nov 1905 - 28 Oct 1906 Yüde10 Jan 1905 - 30 Oct 1911 Shi Xu10 Jan 1905 - 30 Oct 1911 Natong .................................. 1852-191110 Aug 1907 - 18 Sep 1909 Zhang Zhidong ........................... 1856-192506 Nov 1909 - 01 Sep 1910 Lu Zhidong .............................. 1837-190901 Sep 1910 - 30 Oct 1911 Lu Runyang01 Sep 1910 - 30 Oct 1911 Xu Shichang08 May - 01 Nov 1911 Yukiang, Prince Qing .................... 1836-191801 Nov - 31 Dec 1911 Yuan Shi-kai ............................ (s.a)22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 Lu Zhengxiang ........................... 1871-194901 Jul - 12 Jul 1917 Duke Zhang Xun .......................... 1854-1923______________________________________________________________________________TaipingRoyal seal11 Jan 1851 Taiping tianguo (Heavenly Realm of Great Peace)25 Oct 1864 Kingdom extinguishedAug 1871 Rebellion finally extinguishedHeavenly Kings11 Jan 1851 - 01 Jun 1864 Hong Xiuquan ............................ 1814-1864nianhao: Yuannian01 Jun - 25 Oct 1864 Hong Tianguifu .......................... 1848-1864______________________________________________________________________________Shengping09 Oct 1854 Shengping tianguo (Heavenly Realm of Ascending Peace)24 Jul 1858 Kingdom extinguishedHeavenly Kings09 Oct 1854 - Oct 1855 Hu ZouloOct 1855 - 24 Jul 1858 Zhu Hongying______________________________________________________________________________Cheng27 Sep 1855 Great Cheng realm inaugurated21 Aug 1861 Kingdom extinguishedKings27 Sep 1855 - 21 Aug 1861 Chen Kai ................................ 1822-1861nianhao: Ping Xun Wang27 Sep 1855 - 1858 Li Wenmao
Republic of China1912-1913 1913-1928 Adopted 192810 Oct 1911 Republican revolution01 Jan 1912 Republic of China22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916 Great Empire of China01 Jul - 12 Jul 1917 Brief restoration of Qing Empire12 Jul 1917 - 02 Jun 1928 Warlord era08 Dec 1949 - Defeated Nationalist government establishes itself in TaiwanMilitary Governor30 Nov - 31 Dec 1911 Li Yuanhung ............................ 1864-1928Presidents29 Dec 1911 - 10 Mar 1912 Sun Yat Sen ............................ 1866-1925(provisional)10 Mar 1912 - 06 Jun 1916 Yuan Shi-Kai ........................... (s.a)(1st Time, provisional to 10 Oct 1913,Emperor 22 Dec 1915 - 22 Mar 1916)06 Jun 1916 - 01 Jul 1917 Li Yuanhong ............................ (s.a)- Warlord China -Presidents17 Jul 1917 - 10 Oct 1918 Duke Feng Guozhang ..................... 1859-191910 Oct 1918 - 02 Jun 1922 Xu Xichiang ............................ 1855-193902 Jun - 11 Jun 1922 Zhou Ziqi .............................. 1871-1923(acting)11 Jun 1922 - 13 Jun 1923 Li Yuanhong13 Jun - 09 Sep 1923 Zhang Shaozeng ......................... 1879-192809 Jun - 10 Oct 1923 Gao Lingwei ............................ 1868-194310 Oct 1923 - 02 Nov 1924 Cao Kun ................................ 1862-193802 Nov - 24 Nov 1924 Huang Fu ............................... 1880-193624 Nov 1924 - 20 Apr 1926 Duan Qirui ............................. 1865-193620 Apr - 13 May 1926 Hu Weide ............................... 1863-193313 May - 22 Jun 1926 Yan Huiqing ............................ 1877-195022 Jun - 01 Oct 1926 Du Xigui ............................... 1874-193301 Oct 1926 - 17 Jun 1927 Gu Weijan .............................. 1887-198518 Jun 1927 - 02 Jun 1928 Zhang Zuolin ........................... 1873-1928Premiers13 Mar - 27 Jun 1912 Tang Shaoyi29 Jun - 25 Sep 1912 Lu Cheng-hsiang25 Sep 1912 - 01 May 1913 Zhao Bingjun01 May - 31 Jul 1913 Duan Qirui (1st Time)31 Jul 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Xiong Xiling12 Feb - 30 Apr 1914 Sun Baoqi01 May 1914 - 22 Dec 1915 Xu Shichang (1st Time)22 Mar - 23 Apr 1916 Xu Shichang (2nd Time)23 Apr 1916 - 23 May 1917 Tuan Qirui (2nd Time)23 May - 28 May 1917 Wu Tingfang ............................ 1842-1922
28 May - 02 Jun 1917 Li Jingxi (1st time) ................... 1859-1925
02 Jun - 12 Jun 1917 Xu Shichang
12 Jun - 24 Jun 1917 Jiang Chaozong ......................... 1861-1943
24 Jun - 01 Jul 1917 Li Jingxi (2nd time)
14 Jul - 30 Nov 1917 Duan Qirui (2nd time)
30 Nov 1917 - 23 Mar 1918 Weng Shizhen ........................... 1861-1930
23 Mar - 10 Oct 1918 Duan Qirui (3rd time)
10 Oct 1918 - 13 Jun 1919 Qian Nengxun ........................... 1869-1924
13 Jun - 24 Sep 1919 Gong Xinzhan ........................... 1869-1943
24 Sep 1919 - 14 May 1920 Jin Yunpeng ............................ 1877-1951
(1st Time, acting to 5 Nov 1919)
14 May - 09 Aug 1920 Sa Zhenbing ............................ 1859-1952
09 Aug 1920 - 18 Dec 1921 Jin Yunpeng
(2nd time, acting)
18 Dec - 24 Dec 1921 Yan Huiqing (1st time)
24 Dec 1921 - 25 Jan 1922 Liang Shiyi ............................ 1869-1933
25 Jan - 08 Apr 1922 Yan Huiqing
(2nd time, acting)
08 Apr - 11 Jun 1922 Zhou Ziqi (acting)
11 Jun - 05 Aug 1922 Yan Huiqing (3rd time)
05 Aug - 29 Nov 1922 Wang Chonghui .......................... 1881-1958
29 Nov - 11 Dec 1922 Wang Daxie ............................. 1859-1929
(acting)
11 Dec 1922 - 04 Jan 1923 Wang Zhengting ......................... 1882-1961
04 Jan - 09 Sep 1923 Zhang Shaozeng
09 Sep 1923 - 12 Jan 1924 Gao Lingwei (acting)
12 Jan - 14 Sep 1924 Sun Baoqi
14 Sep - 31 Oct 1924 Yan Huiqing (4th time)
02 Nov - 24 Nov 1924 Huang Fu (acting)
26 Dec 1925 - 04 Mar 1926 Xu Shiying ............................. 1873-1964
04 Mar - 20 Apr 1926 Jia Deyao .............................. 1881-1940
20 Apr - 13 May 1926 Hu Weide (acting)
13 May - 22 Jun 1926 Yan Huiqing (5th time)
22 Jun - 01 Oct 1926 Du Xigui (acting)
01 Oct 1926 - 18 Jun 1927 Gu Weijun (acting)
18 Jun 1927 - 02 Jun 1928 Pan Fu
____________________________________________________________________________
- Nationalist China -Generalissimo of the Military Government10 Sep 1917 - 05 Jul 1918 Sun Yat-sen (1st Time)21 Aug 1918 - 24 Oct 1920 Cen Chunxuan ........................... 1861-193324 Oct 1920 - 04 May 1921 Military Government- Sun Yat-sen- Tang Shaoyi- Wu Tingfang- Tang JiyaoHeads of State05 May 1921 - 29 Jun 1922 Sun Yat Sen (2nd Time)02 Mar 1923 - 12 Mar 1925 Sun Yat Sen (3rd Time)12 Mar - 01 Jul 1925 Hu Hanmin01 Jul 1925 - 15 Apr 1926 Wang Jingwei ........................... 1883-1944(1st Time)16 Apr 1926 - 29 Mar 1927 Tan Tankai (1st Time)20 Mar - 13 Sep 1927 Wang Jingwei(2nd Time, in Wuhan)17 Sep 1927 - 10 Oct 1928 Tan Yankai (2nd Time)10 Oct 1928 - 15 Dec 1931 Chiang Kai-shek ........................ 1887-1975 KMT(1st Time)15 Dec 1931 - 01 Aug 1943 Lin Sen ................................ 1867-1943 KMT01 Aug 1943 - 21 Jan 1949 Chiang Kai-shek (2nd Time)Presidents21 Jan 1949 - 28 Feb 1950 Li Tsung Jet ........................... 1890-1969 KMT(In Taiwan from 08 Dec 1949)01 Mar 1950 - 05 Apr 1975 Chang Kai-shek (3rd Time)05 Apr 1975 - 20 May 1978 Yen Qai Kan ............................ 1905-1993 KMT20 May 1978 - 13 Jan 1988 Chiang Ching-kuo ....................... 1910-1988 KMT13 Jan 1988 - 20 May 2000 Lee Teng Hui ........................... 1923- KMT20 May 2000 - 20 May 2008 Chen Shui Bian ......................... 1950- DP20 May 2008 - Ma Ying-jeou ........................... 1950- KMTPremiers10 Oct 1928 - 22 Sep 1930 Tan Yankai22 Sep - 04 Dec 1930 Song Ziwen ............................. 1894-1971 KMT04 Dec 1930 - 15 Dec 1931 Chiang Kai Shek (1st Time)15 Dec - 28 Dec 1931 Chen Mingshu ........................... 1890-1965 KMT28 Dec 1931 - 28 Jun 1932 Sun Fo ................................. 1895-1973 KMT28 Jun 1932 - 07 Dec 1935 Wang Jingwei07 Dec 1935 - 31 Dec 1937 Chiang Kai Shek (2nd Time)01 Jan 1938 - 20 Nov 1939 Kong Xiangxi KMT20 Nov 1939 - 31 May 1945 Chiang Kai Shek (3rd Time)01 Jun 1945 - 28 Feb 1947 Song Ziwen (2nd Time)01 Mar - 18 Apr 1947 Chiang Kai Shek (4th Time)18 Apr 1947 - 24 May 1948 Zhang Qun .............................. 1889-1990 KMT24 May - 26 Nov 1948 Weng Wenhao ............................ 1889-1971 KMT26 Nov 1948 - 12 Mar 1949 Sun Fo (2nd Time)12 Mar - 03 Jun 1949 He Yingqin ............................. 1889-1987 KMT03 Jun 1949 - 07 Mar 1950 Yan Xishan ............................. 1883-1960 KMT(In Taiwan from 08 Dec 1949)07 Mar 1950 - 07 Jun 1954 Chen Cheng (1st Time) .................. 1898-1965 KMT07 Jun 1954 - 30 Jun 1958 Yu Hongjun ............................. 1897-1960 KMT01 Jul 1958 - 15 Dec 1963 Chen Cheng (2nd Time)15 Dec 1963 - 29 May 1972 Yan Jiagin KMT29 May 1972 - 30 May 1978 Jiang Jingguo KMT30 May 1978 - 20 May 1984 Sun Yunxuan ............................ 1913-2006 KMT20 May 1984 - 21 May 1989 Yu Guohua .............................. 1914-2000 KMT21 May 1989 - 30 May 1990 Li Huan ................................ 1917-2010 KMT30 May 1990 - 10 Feb 1993 Hau Bocun KMT10 Feb 1993 - 31 Aug 1997 Lian Zhan KMT01 Sep 1997 - 20 May 2000 Xiao Wanchang KMT20 May - 06 Oct 2000 Tang Fei KMT06 Oct 2000 - 31 Jan 2002 Zhang Junxiong (1st Time) DP01 Feb 2002 - 31 Jan 2005 You Xikun DP01 Feb 2005 - 25 Jan 2006 Xie Changting DP25 Jan 2006 - 21 May 2007 Su Zhangchang DP21 May 2007 - 20 May 2008 Zhang Junxiong (2nd Time)20 May 2008 - 10 Sep 2009 Liu Zhaoxuan KMT10 Sep 2009 - 06 Feb 2012 Wu Dunyi KMT06 Feb 2012 - 18 Feb 2013 Chen Chun .............................. 1949- KMT18 Feb 2013 - 04 Dec 2014 Jiang Yi-huah .......................... 1960- KMT04 Dec 2014 - Mao Chi-kuo ............................ 1948- KMTDP=Democratic Progressive Party (Liberal, pro Taiwan independence)KMT=Kuomintang (Nationalist, Conservative (formerly Socialist, Chinese unification)
People's Republic of China
Adopted 20 Sep 195001 Dec 1931 - 15 Nov 1934 Chinese Soviet Republic in Jiangxi01 Oct 1949 - People's Republic of ChinaGovernment: People's RepublicCapital: BeijingLanguage: Mandarin, Cantonese, Tibetan, Urgur, Mongolian, Manchu, Wu.Religion: Confucianism. Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christian.National Anthem: "Yijongjun Jinxingqu" (March of the volunteers).National Emblem:National Day: 1st October, founding of the PRC (1949).National Motto: None.Currency: Yuan.Chairmen of the Communist Party20 Mar 1943 - 09 Sep 1976 Mao Tse-Tsung ................... 1893-197607 Oct 1976 - 30 Jun 1981 Su Zhu Hua Guofeng .............. 1921-2008General Secretaries of the Communist Party1956 - Jun 1966 Deng Xiaoping ................... 1904-1997(De facto leader 1978 - 1992)1966 - 29 Feb 1980 Post abolished29 Feb 1980 - 16 Jan 1987 Hu Yaobang ...................... 1915-198916 Jan 1987 - 24 Jun 1989 Zhao Ziyang ..................... 1919-200524 Jun 1989 - 15 Nov 2002 Jiang Zemin ..................... 1926-15 Nov 2002 - 15 Nov 2012 Hu Jintao ..................... 1942-15 Nov 2012 - Xi Jinping ...................... 1953-Presidents01 Oct 1949 - 27 Apr 1959 Mao Tse-Tsung ................... (s.a)27 Apr 1959 - 31 Oct 1968 Liu Xaoqi ....................... 1898-196931 Oct 1968 - 17 Jan 1975 Dong Biwu ....................... 1886-197531 Oct 1968 - 24 Feb 1972 Soong Qingling .................. 1893-1981(1st Time, co-president)17 Feb 1975 - 06 Jul 1976 Zhu De .......................... 1886-197606 Jul 1976 - 05 Mar 1978 Soong Qingling (2nd Time)05 Mar 1978 - 18 Jun 1983 Ye Jianying ..................... 1897-198616 May - 28 May 1981 Soong Qingling(3rd Time, Honorary President)18 Jun 1983 - 08 Apr 1988 Li Xiannain ..................... 1909-199208 Apr 1988 - 27 Mar 1993 Yang Xangkun .................... 1907-199827 Mar 1993 - 15 Mar 2003 Jiang Zemin ..................... (s.a)15 Mar 2003 - 14 Mar 2013 Hu Jintao ....................... (s.a)14 Mar 2013 - Xi Jinping ...................... (s.a)Premiers01 Oct 1949 - 08 Jan 1976 Zhou Enlai ...................... 1898-197608 Jan 1976 - 10 Sep 1980 Hua Su Zhu Guofeng .............. (s.a)10 Sep 1980 - 24 Nov 1987 Zhao Zuyang ..................... (s.a)24 Nov 1987 - 17 Mar 1998 Li Peng ......................... 1928-17 Mar 1998 - 16 Mar 2003 Zhu Rongji ...................... 1928-16 Mar 2003 - 15 Mar 2013 Wen Jiabao ...................... 1942-15 Mar 2013 - Li Keqiang ...................... 1955-
Taiwan
1895 1895c. 1200's First Chinese settlements1403 - 1424 Ming dynasty explorations1544 Visited by Portugal26 Aug 1624 Southern Formosa a Dutch colony07 Aug 1626 Chlung, Tanshui and Ilan a Spanish colony25 Aug 1642 Taiwan a Dutch colony01 Feb 1661 Independent Kingdom loyal to deposed Ming dynasty27 Oct 1683 Occupied by China (annexed 27 May 1684)08 May 1895 Ceded to Japan by China formally from 02 Jun 189526 May - 21 Oct 1895 Republic of Taiwan (in rebellion to Japan)25 Oct 1945 Restored to China08 Dec 1949 Republic of China relocates to TaiwanKings01 Feb 1661 - 23 Jun 1662 Cheng Ch'eng-kung ............... 1624-166223 Jun - 30 Jun 1662 Cheng Shi-hsi30 Jun 1662 - 17 Mar 1681 Cheng Ching ..................... 1642-168117 Mar - 19 Mar 1681 Cheng K'o-tsang ................. 1664-168119 Mar 1681 - 22 Sep 1683 Cheng K'oshang .................. 1670-171719 Mar 1681 - 22 Sep 1683 Cheng Tsung(Regent)19 Mar 1681 - 22 Sep 1683 Feng Xifan(de facto regent)Emperors26 May - 30 Jul 1721 Chu Yi-gwe ...................... 1689-1721Dec 1786 - 10 Feb 1788 Lin Tsuang-wen .................. 1756-1788nianhao: ShuntianPresidents24 May - 04 Jun 1895 Tang Qing Sung .................. 1841-190304 Jun - 21 Oct 1895 Liu Yung Fu ..................... 1837-1917
Manchuria (Manchukuo)Manchukuo 1932-1945698 - 1644 Manchu realm01 Oct 1644 United with Chinese Empire01 Jan 1912 Part of China21 May 1900 - 10 Mar 1905 Russian occupation10 Mar 1905 - 15 Apr 1907 Japanese occupation1916 - 29 Dec 1928 Warlord control1922 Autonomy declared29 Dec 1928 Reunified with China18 Sep 1931 - 15 Aug 1945 Japanese occupation09 Mar 1932 Great Manchu State01 Mar 1934 Great Manchu Empire15 Aug 1945 - May 1946 Under Soviet OccupationEmperors...-...280-285 Yilu285-290 ?290-295 YiluoLiao Dynasty926-927 T'ai Tsu927-947 T'ai Tsung947-951 Shih Tsung951-969 Mu Tsung969-982 Ching Tsung982-1031 Sheng Tsung1031-1055 Hsing Tsung1055-1101 Tao Tsung1101-1125 T'ien-Tsu TiJin Dynasty1115-1123 T'aizu Tsu1123-1134 T'ai Tzong1134-1149 Xizong I1149-1161 Wanyan Liang1161-1189 Xizong II1189-1208 Zhiangzong1208-1213 Wanyan Yongji1213-1223 Xuanzong1223-1234 Aizong1234 Wanyan ChenglinJianzhou Dynasty1405 Bukuri Yongson1405-1433 Mengtemu1433-1467 Cungsan1467-1481 Tolo1481-1522 Sibeoci Fiyanggu1522-1542 FumanLater Jin (Qing) Dynasty17 Feb 1616 - 30 Sep 1626 Nurhachu ........................ 1559-162620 Oct 1626 - 21 Sep 1643 Huang Taiji ..................... 1592-164308 Oct 1643 - 05 Feb 1661 Fulin ........................... (s.a)(Shunzhi Emperor of China from 10 Oct 1644)Military Governors1922 - 07 Jun 1928 Zhang Zuolin .................... 1873-192807 Jun 1928 - 18 Sep 1931 Zhang Xuelian ................... 1901-2001Japenese Military governor18 Sep 1931 - 09 Mar 1932 Jiro Minami ..................... 1874-1957Emperor (Qing Dynasty)09 Mar 1932 - 15 Aug 1945 Pu-yi ........................... (s.a)nianhao: Datong 1932-34, Kangde 1934-45(Former Chinese Emperor,Chief Executive 1932-1934)Premiers09 Mar 1932 - 21 May 1935 Zheng Xiaoxu .................... 1860-193821 May 1935 - 15 Aug 1945 Zhang Jinghui ................... 1871-1959