Holy Roman Empire
Before 1368 1368-1806 Quaterionenadler 1510-1805
25 Dec 800 Charlamagne crowned Roman Emperor
1157 Holy Roman Empire
1356 Golden Bull establishes electral council
12 Apr 1500 Diet of Augsburg establishes six Reichskreis (imperial circles)
1512 Diet of Trier establishes four more imperial circles
1581 Secession of the Seven United Netherlands
26 Jan 1679 Burgundy ceded to France by Peace of Nijmegen
26 Dec 1805 Treaty of Pressburg abolishes the Empire
06 Aug 1806 Empire officially abolished
Capital: Rome in 800, Frankfurt, Vienna.
Government: Elective Monarchy.
Language: Latin, German, Italian, French, Czech, Flemish, Sloven.
Religion: Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, Jewish.
Emperors
25 Dec 800 - 28 Jan 814 Carolingian, Karl I (Charlamagne) ........................ 742-814
(Charles I of the Franks)
28 Jan 814 - 20 Jun 840 Carolingian, Louis I ..................................... 778-840
05 Apr 823 - 29 Sep 855 Carolingian, Lothar I .................................... 795-855
(co-Emperor to 840)
Apr 850 - 12 Aug 875 Carolingian, Louis II .................................... 825-875
(co-Emperor to 855)
12 Aug 875 - 06 Oct 877 Carolingian, Karl II ..................................... 823-877
06 Oct 877 - 13 Jan 888 Carolingian, Karl III .................................... 839-888
888 - 12 Dec 894 Guideschi, Guido ......................................... 855-894
(Guy of Spoleto, Senior Emperor)
30 Apr 892 - 15 Oct 898 Guideschi, Lambert ....................................... 880-898
(co-Emperor)
22 Feb 896 - 08 Dec 899 Carolingian, Arnulf ...................................... 850-899
(co-Emperor tp 898)
08 Dec 899 - 21 Jul 905 Bosonid, Louis III ....................................... 880-928
905 - 07 Apr 924 Unruoching, Berengar ..................................... 845-924
07 Apr 924 - 02 Feb 962 Vacant
02 Feb 962 - 07 May 973 Ottonian, Otto I von Deutschland ......................... 912-973
25 Dec 967 - 07 Dec 983 Ottonian, Otto II ........................................ 955-983
07 Dec 983 - 23 Jan 1002 Ottonian, Otto III ..................................... 980-1002
23 Jan 1002 - 13 Jul 1024 Ottonian, Heinrich II von Deutschland ................. 973-1024
(Henry II of Germany [not recognised to 1003])
1024 - 04 Jun 1039 Salian, Konrad II von Deutchland ...................... 990-1039
(Conrad II of Germany and Italy)
1039 - 05 Oct 1056 Salian, Heinrich III ................................. 1017-1056
05 Oct 1056 - Dec 1105 Salian, Heinrich IV .................................. 1050-1106
Dec 1105 - 23 May 1125 Salian, Heinrich V ................................... 1086-1125
Jul 1125 - 03 Dec 1137 Süpplinburg, Lothair III ............................. 1075-1137
(Lothair III of Germany and Italy)
04 Mar 1152 - 10 Jun 1190 Hohenstaufen, Friedrich I Barbarossa ................. 1122-1190
(Frederick I of Germany and Italy)
10 Jun 1190 - 28 Sep 1197 Hohenstaufen, Heinrich VI ............................ 1165-1197
(Henry of Italy and Sicily)
09 Jun 1198 - 1215 Welf, Otto IV ........................................ 1175-1218
(Otto IV of Germany and Italy)
1215 - 13 Dec 1250 Hohenstaufen, Friedrich II ........................... 1194-1250
(Frederick II of Germany and Italy)
13 Dec 1250 - 1308 Vacant
1308 - 24 Aug 1313 Luxemburg, Heinrich VII .............................. 1275-1313
(Henry VII of Germany and Italy)
Oct 1314 - 11 Oct 1347 Wittlesbach, Louis IV ................................ 1282-1347
(Ludwig Duke of Baveria)
30 Jan - 24 May 1349 Schwarzburg, Günther ................................. 1304-1349
(Günther XXI von Schwarzburg, elected but did not take office)
07 Jan 1355 - 29 Nov 1378 Luxemburg, Karl IV ................................... 1316-1378
(Karl Count of Luxemburg)
29 Nov 1378 - 20 Aug 1400 Luxemburg, Václav IV ................................. 1361-1419
(Wenceslas of Germany, Bohemia, Brandenburg and Luxemburg)
20 Aug 1400 - 18 May 1410 Wittlesbach, Ruprecht ................................ 1352-1410
(Rudolf III of Palatinate)
Emperors-elect (from 1438 always the House of Habsburg, except Karl VII and Franz I)
10 Sep 1410 - 09 Dec 1437 Luxemburg, Sigismund ................................. 1368-1437
(Sigismund of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia)
1410 - 08 Jan 1411 Luxemburg, Jost ...................................... 1351-1411
(Jobst of Moravia, in opposition)
09 Dec 1437 - 18 Mar 1438 Imperial Vicars
- Wettin, Friedrich II, Elector of Sachsen
(1st Time)
- Ludwig IV, Elected of Pfalz und Rhein
(1st Time)
18 Mar 1438 - 27 Oct 1439 Habsburg, Albrecht II (Did not except) ............... 1397-1439
(Albert II of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia)
27 Oct 1439 - 02 Feb 1440 Imperial Vicars
- Wettin, Friedrich II, Elector of Sachsen (2nd Time)
- Ludwig IV, Elected of Pfalz und Rhein (2nd Time)
02 Feb 1440 - 19 Aug 1493 Habsburg, Friedrich III .............................. 1415-1493
(Archduke Frederick of Austria)
19 Aug 1493 - 12 Jan 1519 Habsburg, Maximilian I ............................... 1459-1519
(Archduke Maximilian I of Austria)
12 Jan - 28 Jun 1519 Imperial Victors
- Wettin, Friedrich III, Elector of Sachsen
- Ludwig V, Elected of Pfalz und Rhein
28 Jun 1519 - 16 Jan 1556 Habsburg, Karl V ..................................... 1500-1558
(Archduke Charles of Austria)
16 Feb 1556 - 25 Jul 1564 Habsburg, Ferdinand I ................................ 1503-1564
(Archduke Ferdinand of Austria)
25 Jul 1564 - 12 Oct 1576 Habsburg, Maximilian II .............................. 1527-1576
(Maximilian of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria)
27 Oct 1576 - 20 Jan 1612 Habsburg, Rudolf II .................................. 1552-1612
(Rudolf of Hungary, Archduke of Austria)
20 Jan - 13 Jun 1612 Imperial Vicars
- Friedrich V von Pfalz und Rhein
(1st Time)
- Wettin, Johann Georg I von Sachsen
(1st Time)
13 Jun 1612 - 20 Mar 1619 Habsburg, Matthias II ................................ 1557-1619
19 Mar - 28 Aug 1619 Imperial Vicars
- Friedrich V von Pfalz und Rhein
(2nd Time)
- Wettin, Johann Georg I von Sachsen
(2nd Time)
28 Aug 1619 - 15 Feb 1637 Habsburg, Ferdinand III .............................. 1578-1637
15 Feb 1637 - 02 Apr 1657 Habsburg, Ferdinand IV ............................... 1608-1657
02 Apr 1657 - 18 Jul 1658 Imperial Vicars
- Karl I Ludwig Graf von Pfalz und Rhein
- Johann Georg II Graf von Sachsen
18 Jul 1658 - 05 May 1705 Habsburg, Leopold I .................................. 1640-1705
05 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711 Habsburg, Joseph I ................................... 1678-1711
17 Apr - 12 Oct 1711 Imperial Vicars
- Johann Wilhelm I Freiherr von Pfalz und Rhein ........ 1658-1716
- Wettin, Friedrich August I Graf von Sachsen .......... 1670-1740
12 Oct 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Habsburg, Karl VI .................................... 1685-1740
(Charles of Austria)
20 Oct 1740 - 14 Jan 1742 Imperial Vicars
- Wittlesbach, Karl Albrecht Graf von Bayern ........... 1697-1745
- Wettin, Friedrich August II Graf von Sachsen ......... 1696-1763
14 Jan 1742 - 20 Jan 1745 Wittlesbach,, Karl VII
(Charles of Baveria)
20 Jan - 13 Sep 1745 Imperial Vicars
- Wittlesbach, Maximilian II Josef Graf von Bayern ..... 1727-1777
- Wettin, Friedrich August II Graf von Sachsen
(2nd Time)
13 Sep 1745 - 18 Aug 1765 Vaudemont, Franz I Stephan ........................... 1708-1765
(Duke Francis of Lorraine)
18 Aug 1765 - 20 Feb 1790 Habsburg, Joseph II .................................. 1741-1790
20 Feb - 30 Sep 1790 Imperial Vicars
- Karl IV Philipp Theodor Freiherr von Pfalz und Rhein . 1724-1799
(1st Time)
- Wettin, Friedrich August III Graf von Sachsen ........ 1750-1827
(1st Time)
01 Oct 1790 - 01 Mar 1792 Habsburg, Leopold II ................................. 1747-1792
01 Mar - 07 Jul 1792 Imperial Vicars
- Karl IV Philipp Theodor Freiherr von Pfalz und Rhein
(2nd Time)
- Wettin, Friedrich August III Graf von Sachsen
(2nd Time)
07 Jul 1792 - 26 Dec 1805 Habsburg, Franz II ................................... 1768-1835