Eesti
1211 - 1219 Estonian Bishopic
1219 - 1346 Estonian Duchy (Province of Denmark)
01 Nov 1346 Part of the Teutonic Order
05 Mar 1562 Part of Livonia
20 Mar 1584 Annexed by Sweden
10 Oct 1710 Annexed by Russian Empire (recognised by Sweden
10 Sep 1721) called Principality (Duchy) of Estonia
28 Nov 1917 Estonian Provisional assembly takes supreme power
23 Feb 1918 Independence declared
25 Feb - 11 Nov 1918 German occupation
28 Feb 1918 Republic of Estonia
29 Nov 1918 - 24 May 1919 Estonian Soviet Republic proclaimed in Russian occupied territory
16 Jun 1940 Occupied by the Soviet Union
21 Jul 1940 Estonian S.S.R proclaimed
06 Aug 1940 Incorporated into the U.S.S.R
28 Jun 1941 - 17 Sep 1944 Occupied by Germany
07 Jul 1941 - 18 Sep 1944 Part of German Ostland
22 Sep 1944 Soviet re-ocupation, Estonian S.S.R restored
16 Nov 1988 Declaration of State Sovereignty
08 May 1990 - Republic of Estonia
03 Mar 1991 Referendum supports independence by 78%
20 Aug 1991 Independence declared
01 May 2004 Accession to the EU
Estonia before 1917
Elders
1211 - 1212 Kyriavan
1212 - 1220 Thabelin
1212 Meme
1212 - 1217 Lembitu
1213 - 1217 Wottele
1214 - 1217 Maniwald
1217 - 1219 Unnepewe
Viceroys for the Duke of Estonia
Jun 1219 - 01 Nov 1346 The Monarchs of Denmark
1219 - 1221 Andreas Sunonis, Archbishop of Lund
1248 - 1249 Saxo Aginsun
1249 Stigot Agison
1254 - 1257 Saxo
1259 Jakob Ramesson
1262 .....
1266 Woghen Palissun
1270 Siverith
1275 - 1279 Eliard von Oberch
1279 - 1281 Odewart Lode
1287 Friedrich Moltike
1288 Johann Sialanzfar
1296 Nils Axelsson
1298 Nikolaus Ubbison
1304 Johann Saxesson
1310 Johannes Canne
1312 - 1313 Ago Saxisson
1313 - 1314 Heinrich Bernauer
1323 Johannes Kanna
1329 Heinrich Spliit
1332 - 1335 Markard Breide
1340 - 1343 Konrad Preen
1343 Bertram von Parembeke
1344 - 1346 Stigot Andersson
10 Oct 1710 - 15 Mar 1917 The Monarchs of Russia
Russian Governors-General
10 Oct 1710 - Mar 1711 Rudolf Felix Bauer ......................... 1667-1711
06 Mar 1711 - May 1719 Prince Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov ...... 1673-1717
May 1719 - 21 Nov 1728 Fyodor Matveyevich Graf Apraksin ........... 1661-1728
Governors
21 Nov 1728 - 25 Mar 1736 Friedrich Baron von Löwen zu Sever ......... 1654-1744
25 Mar - 06 Aug 1736 Count Platon Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin ....... 1698-1742
11 Aug 1736 - 11 Aug 1738 Sebastian Ernst von Manstein ............... 1678-1747
(acting)
11 Aug 1738 - 22 Mar 1740 Otto Gustag greve Douglas auf
Alp und Kuckofer .......................... 1687-1771
22 Mar 1740 - 08 Nov 1743 Woldemar greve von Löwendahl ............... 1700-1755
08 Nov 1743 - 31 Jul 1753 Peter August Friedrich Herzog von .......... 1696-1775
Holstein-Beck
01 Aug 1753 - Jun 1758 Prince Vladimir Petrovich Dolgoruky ........ 1696-1761
Jun 1758 - 08 Mar 1775 Peter August Friedrich Herzog von
Holstein-Beck (2nd Time)
08 Mar 1775 - 29 Sep 1783 Georg Graf Braun ........................... 1698-1792
13 Jul 1783 - 11 Oct 1786 Georg Friedrich von Grotenheim ............. 1721-1798
11 Oct 1786 - 20 Jan 1797 Heinrich Johann Baron von Wrangell ......... 1736-1813
25 Jan 1797 - 14 Jun 1808 Andreas von Langell
1808 - 04 Jan 1819 Berend Johann von Üxküll ................... 1762-1827
04 Jan 1819 - 10 Aug 1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Baron Budberg,
Gen. von Bönninghausen .................... 1766-1832
20 Sep 1832 - 27 Oct 1833 Otto Wilhelm von Essen ..................... 1761-1834
08 Nov 1833 - 14 Dec 1841 Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff ............ 1784-1841
14 Jan 1842 - 03 Jan 1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von
Grünewaldt ................................ 1796-1861
03 Jan 1859 - 23 Oct 1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander Ulrich .... 1810-1891
23 Oct 1868 - 07 Oct 1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy ....... 1834-1916
07 Oct 1870 - 26 Mar 1875 Prince Mikhail Valentinovich
Shakhovskoy-Glebov-Strezhnev .............. 1836-1892
26 Mar 1875 - 04 Apr 1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
04 Apr 1885 - 12 Oct 1894 Prince Sergey Vladimirovich Shakhovskoy .... 1852-1894
25 Oct 1894 - 11 Ju1 1902 Yefstafiy Nikolayevich Skalon ............. 1845-1902
18 Jul 1902 - 19 Feb 1905 Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde ........... 1861-1942
16 Mar 1905 - Oct 1905 Aleksey Aleksandrovich Lopukhin ............ 1864-1928
08 Nov 1905 - 21 Jan 1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting ........... 1861-1917
21 Jan 1906 - 11 Jul 1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov ................... 1857-1919
11 Jul 1907 - 06 Dec 1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovets ........... 1863-1933
06 Dec 1915 - 19 Mar 1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin .............. 1862-1930
Province commissioner
19 Mar - 9 Nov 1917 Jaan Poska ................................. 1866-1920
Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn.
Language: Estonian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Finnish, Swedish.
Religion: Lutheran, Orthodox.
National Anthem: "Mu Isamaa, Mu Onn Ja Room" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy).
National Motto: Heade üllatuste maa (Positively Suprising).
National Day: Independence day, 24 Febuary (1918).
Currency: Euro (Kroon 1928-40, 1992-2010).
Chairmen of the Provisional Estonian Province Assembly
14 Jul - 25 Oct 1917 Artur Vallner .............................. 1887-1939
25 Oct - 27 Nov 1917 Otto August Strandman ...................... 1875-1941
27 Nov 1917 - 03 Feb 1918 Ado Birk ................................... 1883-1942
03 Feb - 23 Apt 1918 Kaarel Parts ............................... 1873-1940
Heads of State
19 Feb - 25 Feb 1918 Konstantin Päts (1st Time) ................. 1874-1956
- Jüri Vilms ................................. 1889-1918
- Konstantin Konik ........................... 1873-1936
12 Nov - 23 Apr 1919 Konstantin Päts (2nd Time)
23 Apr 1919 - 21 Dec 1920 August Rei ................................. 1886-1963
State Elders
21 Dec 1920 - 25 Jan 1921 Ants Piip .................................. 1884-1942
25 Jan 1921 - 21 Nov 1922 Konstantin Päts (1st Time) ................. (s.a)
21 Nov 1922 - 02 Aug 1923 Juhan Kukk ................................. 1885-1945
26 Mar - 16 Dec 1924 Friedrich Karl Akel ........................ 1871-1941
02 Aug 1923 - 26 Mar 1924 Konstantin Päts (2nd Time)
16 Dec 1924 - 15 Dec 1925 Jüri Jaakson ............................... 1870-1942
15 Dec 1925 - 09 Dec 1927 Jaan Teemant ............................... 1872-1941
09 Dec 1927 - 04 Dec 1928 Jaan Tõnisson (1st Time) ................... 1868-1941
04 Dec 1928 - 09 Jul 1929 August Rei ................................. (s.a)
09 Jul 1929 - 12 Feb 1931 Otto August Strandann ...................... (s.a)
12 Feb 1931 - 19 Feb 1932 Konstantin Päts (3rd Time)
19 Feb - 19 Jul 1932 Jaan Teemant (2nd Time)
19 Jul - 07 Nov 1932 Kaarel August Eenpalu ...................... 1888-1942
07 Nov 1932 - 18 May 1933 Konstantin Päts (4th Time)
18 May - 21 Oct 1933 Jaan Tõnisson (2nd Time)
Presidents
21 Oct 1933 - 23 Jul 1940 Konstantine Päts ........................... (s.a)
15 Sep 1941 - 18 Sep 1944 Hjalmar Mäe ................................ 1901-1978
(Head of State)
18 Sep - 22 Sep 1944 Jüri Uluots ................................ 1890-1945
(acting)
Chairman of the Supreme Council
08 May 1990 - 05 Oct 1992 Arnold Feodor Rüütel (1st Time) ............ 1928-
Presidents
05 Oct 1992 - 08 Oct 2001 Lennart Georg Meri ......................... 1929-2006
08 Oct 2001 - 09 Oct 2006 Arnold Feodor Rüütel (2nd Time)
09 Oct 2006 - 10 Oct 2016 Toomas Hendrik Ilves ....................... 1953-
10 Oct 2016 - 11 Oct 2021 Kersti Kaljulaid ........................... 1969-
11 Oct 2021 - Alar Karis ................................. 1958-
Prime Ministers
12 Nov 1918 - 08 May 1919 Konstantin Päts (1st Time) ................. (s.a)
08 May - 18 Nov 1919 Otto August Strandmann ..................... (s.a)
18 Nov 1919 - 28 Jul 1920 Jaan Tõnisson (1st Time) ................... (s.a)
28 Jul - 30 Jul 1920 Ado Birk ................................... (s.a)
30 Jul - 26 Oct 1920 Jaan Tõnisson (2nd Time)
26 Oct - 21 Dec 1920 Ants Piip .................................. (s.a)
21 Dec 1920 - 24 Jan 1934 The Heads of State
24 Jan 1934 - 03 Sep 1937 Konstantin Päts (2nd Time)
03 Sep 1937 - 21 Apr 1938 The Heads of State
21 Apr 1938 - 12 Oct 1939 Kaarel August Eenpalu ...................... (s.a)
12 Oct 1939 - 21 Jun 1940 Jüri Uluots ................................ 1890-1945
18 Sep - 22 Sep 1944 Otto Tief .................................. 1889-1976
(acting)
08 May 1990 - 30 Jan 1992 Edgar Savisaar ............................. 1950-2022
30 Jan - 21 Oct 1992 Tiit Vähi (1st Time) ....................... 1947-
21 Oct 1992 - 08 Nov 1994 Mart Laar (1st Time) ....................... 1960-
08 Nov 1994 - 17 Apr 1995 Andres Tarand .............................. 1940-
17 Apr 1995 - 17 Mar 1997 Tiit Vähi (2nd Time)
17 Mar 1997 - 25 Mar 1999 Mart Siimann ............................... 1946-
25 Mar 1999 - 28 Jan 2002 Mart Laar (2nd Time)
28 Jan 2002 - 10 Apr 2003 Siim Kallas ................................ 1948-
10 Apr 2003 - 13 Apr 2005 Juhan Parts ................................ 1966-
13 Apr 2005 - 26 Mar 2014 Andrus Ansip ............................... 1956-
26 Mar 2014 - 23 Nov 2016 Taavi Rõivas ............................... 1979-
23 Nov 2016 - 26 Jan 2021 Jüri Ratas ................................. 1978-
26 Jan 2021 - Kaja Kallas ................................ 1977-
Saare-Lääne (Ösel-Wiek)
01 Oct 1228 Bishopic founded as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire
15 Apr 1560 Sold to Denmark by the last Prince-Bishop
09 May 1572 - 23 Aug 1645 Danish fiefdom
23 Aug 1645 Ceded to Sweden by Denmark
26 Sep 1710 Russian occupation, ceded by Sweden 10 Sep 1721
08 Aug 1713 - 1917 Part of Livonia governate
28 Nov 1796 Limited local autonomy
23 Feb 1918 Part of Estonia
17 Sep – 24 Nov 1944 German military occupation
Prince-Bishops
01 Oct 1228 - 26 Jul 1229 Gottfrid
10 Sep 1234 - 10 Mar 1260 Heinrich I
1262 - 1285 Hermann I de Bekeshoevede
1290 - 1294 Heinrich II
1297 - 1307 Konrad I
1310 - 23 Mar 1321 Hartung
03 Mar 1322 - 1337 Jakob
23 Feb 1337 - 1362 Hermann II
24 Jul 1363 - 1374 Konrad II
23 Oct 1374 - 1381 Heinrich III
1385 - 06 Nov 1419 Winrich von Kniprode
08 Jan 1420 - 10 Aug 1423 Kaspar Schuwenflug
05 Sep 1423 - 21 Jul 1432 Christian Kuband
22 Oct 1432 - 12 Sep 1438 Johannes I Schutte
1439 - 11 Mar 1458 Ludolf Grove
20 Mar 1449 - Feb 1457 Johannes II Creul
(Younger Bishop)
23 Aug 1460 - 17 Jan 1471 Jodokus Hoestein
17 Jun 1471 - 1491 Peter Wetbrech
26 Mar 1491 - 19 Mar 1515 Johannes III Orgas
19 Mar 1515 - 22 Apr 1527 Johannes IV Kyvel
04 May 1527 - 02 Oct 1530 Georg von Tiesenhausen
03 Aug 1532 - 13 Jul 1541 Reinhold von Buxhoewden
09 Jan 1542 - 15 Apr 1560 Johann V von Münchhausen
13 May 1560 - 09 May 1572 Magnus Herzog von Holstein
23 Aug 1645 - 26 Sep 1710 The Kings of Sweden
Governors
05 Mar 1562 - 1574 Heinrich Wulf von Lüdinghausen
1563 - 1567 Christoffer Valkendorf
1574 - 1576 Claus von Ungern zu Dalby
1576 - 1579 Johan von Mentz
1579 - 1584 Georg Fahrensbach til Nelvi
1584 - 1589 Matthias Budde til Tøllist
1589 - 1594 Johann Schwalbe
1594 - 1612 Claus Maltesen Sehested til Højris
1612 - 1613 Niels Mogensen Krag til Trudsholm
1613 - 1622 Jacob Lavesen Beck til Gladsaxe
1635 - 1643 Anders Bille
1644 - 31 Oct 1645 Ebbe Ulfeldt til Ovesholm
31 Oct 1645 - 1646 Erik Gustafsson greve Stenbock
1646 - 1648 Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud
1648 - 1654 Johan Persson Utter
1654 - 1660 Reinhold von Lieven
1660 - 1676 Carl Larsson Sparre ........................ 1627-1702
1676 - 1678 Carl Johansson Siöblad (1st Time) .......... 1611-1696
1678 - 1687 Jürgen von der Osten-Sacken (1st Time) ..... 1630-1690
1687 - 1689 Carl Johansson Siöblad (2nd Time)
30 Jul 1689 - 1690 Jurgen von der Osten-Sacken (2nd Time)
21 Apr 1690 - 1701 Peter Örneklow ............................. 1631-1701
1701 - 1710 Engelbrecht Mannerburg ..................... 1649-1719
1781 - 24 Nov 1784 Balthasar Baron von Campenhausen ........... 1745-1800
(vice-governor)
German Miltary Commander
17 Sep - 24 Nov 1944 Hans Schirmer .............................. 1888-1955
Tartu (Dorpat)
1211 Bishopric of Lihula (Leal), also known as the Estonian
bishopric, later part of Terra Mariana (Livonian-
Confederation); German name Alt Livland (Old Livonia)
21 Jul 1224 Tartu (Ger: Dorpat) and surrounding areas taken in
temperal authority, Leal is ceded to the Bishopric of
Riga. The area becomes the Bishopric of Dorpat - a
ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire
c.1280 Dorpat a member of the Hanseatic League
18 Jul 1558 - 15 Jan 1582 Russian occupation
15 Jan 1582 Dorpat transferred to Polish ruled Livonia
1629 Swedish rul
24 Jul 1704 Russian occupation
25 Oct 1713 - 1723 Dorpat district separated from the government
of Livonia
08 Apr 1952 - 28 Apr 1953 Tartu oblast
Bishops of Leal
1211 - 15 Jun 1219 Dietrich I
10 Apr 1220 - 08 Jan 1235 Hermann I von Buxhöwden
Prince-Bishops of Dorpat
08 Jan 1235 - 1247 Hermann I von Buxhöwden
26 Jul 1251 - 10 Sep 1263 Bernhard I
10 Sep 1263 - 18 Feb 1268 Alexander
1268 - 04 Dec 1288 Friedrich von Haseldorf ................... 1220-1288
1289 - 1302 Bernhard II
1303 - 1312 Dietrich II Vyshusen
14 Jan 1313 - 1323 Nikolaus
(acting)
26 Nov 1323 - 18 Oct 1341 Engelbert von Dahlen
27 Sep 1342 - 1344 Wenzel
23 Oct 1346 - 1373 Johannes I Funfhausen
05 Sep 1373 - 1377 Heinrich I von Velde
05 Aug 1379 - 02 Jul 1400 Dietrich III von Damerow
15 Dec 1400 - 1410 Heinrich II von Wrangel
07 Jan 1411 - 1413 Bernhard III Bülow
14 Apr 1413 - 1441 Dietrich IV Retzler
17 Mar 1442 - 1459 Bartholomäus Sawijerwe
10 Dec 1459 - 23 Mar 1468 Helmich von Mallinkrodt
05 Dec 1468 - Feb 1473 Andreas Pepler
06 Jun 1473 - Feb 1485 Johannes II Bertkow
18 Jul 1485 - 1498 Dietrich V Hake
20 Mar 1499 - 1505 Johannes III von der Rope
22 Dec 1505 - 1513 Gerhard Schrove
1513 - 1514 Johannes IV Duisburg
1514 Bernhard IV
30 Oct 1514 - 15 Apr 1518 Christian Bomhower ........................ 1469-1518
14 Jun 1518 - 09 Sep 1527 Johannes V Blankenfeld .................... 1471-1527
15 Aug 1528 - 1534 Johannes VI Bey
1534 - 1543 Johannes VII Gellingshausen
1543 Hermann II Bey
21 Apr 1544 - 18 Apr 1551 Jost von Recker
(continues in opposition to 22 Oct 1553)
25 Jun 1554 - 23 Aug 1558 Hermann III Wesel
Voivods
1598 - 1600 Jan Abramowicz
1598 Gerhard Denhoff
1600 - 1602 Marcin Kurcz
1609 - 1617 Teodor Dadzbog Karnkowski
1617 - 1627 Mikolaj Kiszka
Swedish Stadholder of Dorpat Economy (in Northern Livonia)
1690 – 1710 Gustaf Adolf Johansson Stroemfelt ......... 1640–1717
(in Pärnu from 1704)
Russian Supreme Commandant of Dorpat
1704 – 1710 Kirill Alekseyevich Naryshkin ............. 1670-1723
Landmarschälle of the Dorpat District
Jun 1715 - Oct 1720 Berend Dietrich von Bock .................. 1670–1737
1720 - 1723 Woldemar Johann Freiherr von
Ungern-Sternberg ......................... 1684-1741
Sectretary of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party
10 May 1952 - 28 Apr 1953 Henryk Jan Ajo