Shqipėrisė                                      

Adopted 1992
1946-1992
Italian Union 1939-43
1928-39, 1943-46
1912-1928
1444-1471

 

 

1400 - 168 BC             Northern Albania part of Kingdom of Illyria

168 BC - 528 AD           Roman Rule

528 - 1190                Byzantine Rule

1190 - 1255               Albanian Principality

1272                      Kingdom of Albania (under Kingdom of Naples)

1368                      Albanian Principality

1376 - 1376               Athenian occupation

1384                      Start of Ottoman conquest

18 Aug 1392 - 15 Aug 1501 Venetian rule in Durrės and Shkodėr (1396-1479)

       1506               Ottoman conquest complete

01 Mar 1444 - 17 Jan 1468 Albanian State in central Albania

10 Jun 1878 - 1881        Rebellion under the League of Prizren

23 Aug 1912               Ottoman Empire grants autonomy (Autonomous Albanians)

01 Nov 1912 - 26 Oct 1913 Serbian and Montenegran occupation of Durrės and Shkodėr

28 Nov 1912               Independence declared

06 Mar 1913 - 10 Aug 1916 Greek occupation of Northern Epirus

30 May 1913               Autonomy granted by the the western powers at the

                           Treaty of London, independence recognised on 29 Jul 1913

   Jan 1914               Under international commission

07 Mar 1914               Albanian Principality

26 Dec 1914 - 02 Sep 1920 Souther Albania occupied by Italy

14 Jun 1915 - 23 Jan 1916 Shkodėr occupied by Montenegro

23 Jan 1916 - 13 Nov 1918 Northern and Central areas occupied by Serbia

   Jun 1916 - 26 May 1920 Korce under French occupation

17 Jul 1921               Mirditė Republic proclaimed under Yugoslavia

09 Nov 1921               Independence confirmed by western powers

22 Jan 1925               Albanian Republic

01 Sep 1928               Kingdom of Albania

16 Apr 1939 - 09 Sep 1943 Italian Protectorate

08 Sep 1943 - 20 Oct 1944 German occupation

29 Jun 1941 - 20 Oct 1944 Kumanovo and Kosovo annexed to Albania

11 Jan 1946               People's Republic of Albania

28 Dec 1976               Socialist People's Republic of Albania

30 Apr 1991 -             Republic of Albania

11 Apr      - 14 Aug 1997 Multinational Protection force in Albania

06 Jul 1997               Referendum rejects restoration of the monarchy

 

Government: Republic.

Capital: Tiranė.

Language: Albanian, Vlach, Greek, Serbo-Croat.

Religion: Sunni Islam, Orthodox, Roman Catholic.

National Anthem: "Hymni i Flamurit" ("Hymn to the Flag").

National Emblem: Two headed black Eagel.

National Day: 28th November, Independence Day (1912), from Ottoman Empire.

National Motto: Ti Shqipėri mė jep nder, mė jep emrin shqipėtar

                (You Albania give me honor, you give me the name Albanian).

EU Accession: No.

Currency: Lek.

 

Monarchs

1077-1078 Nicephorus I Bryennios

1078-1079 Nicephorus II Basilakes

- Principality of Arbėr -

1190-1198 Progoni, Progon

1198-1208 Progoni, Gjin 

1208-1216 Progoni, Dhimiter

1216-1253 Kamona, Grigor

1253-1255 Kamona, Gulam

- Kingdom of Albania -

1272-1285 Angevin, Carlo I ...................................... 1266-1285

1285-1301 Angevin, Carlo II ..................................... 1254-1309

1301-1332 Angevin, Filipe ....................................... 1278-1331

1332-1358 Angavin, Roberto ...................................... 1319-1364

- Principality of Berat -

1335 - 1372 Muzaka, Andrea II

1372 - 1389 Muzaka, Teodor I

1389 - 1417 Muzaka, Teodor II

1417 - 1444 Muzaka, Teodor III

- Lordship of Valona -

1346 - 1363 Ioannis Komnenos Asen

1363 - 1368 Alexandros Komnenos Asen

1368 - 1396 Komnena Asanina

1372 - 1385 Balsa II Balsic

            (co-ruler)

1396 - 1414 Mrksa Zarkovic

1414 - 1417 Rudjina Balsic

- Principality of Gjirokastėr -

1386 - 1418 Gjon Zenebishi

- Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto -

1358 - 1374 Shpata, Gjin Bua

- Despotate of Arta -

1358 - 1374 Peter Loshė

1374 - 1399 Shpata, Gjin Bua

1401 - 1415 Muriq Shpata

1415 - 1416 Jakup Shpata

- Principality of Dukagijni -

1387 - 1393 Dukagijni, Pal I

1387 - 1393 Dukagijni, Lekė

            (co-ruler)

1393 - 1438 Dukagijni, Tanush

1438 - 1444 Dukagijni, Pal II

- Principality of Albania -

1358-1383 Thopia, Carlo III
1383-1388 Thopia, Balasha
   Jan 1388 - 18 Aug 1392 Thopia, Gjergj

18 Aug 1392 - 1402        Thopia, Elena 

1402 - 1415               Thopia, Andros

- Principality of Arianiti -

1432 - 1444, Komneni, Gjergj Arianiti

- League of Lezhė (Principality of Kastrioti) -

1389 - 1437               Skėnderbeg, Gjon
       1444 - 17 Jan 1468 Skėnderbeg, Gejegj II ................. 1403-1468

17 Jan 1468 - 1474        Skėnderbeg, Jan Kastrioti ............. 1435-1474

1474 - 1481               Dukagjini, Lekė ....................... 1441-1481

Monarchs of Albania

1912 - 1913               Witte, Otto ...........................i1872-1958

                          (imposter)

07 Mar 1914 - 22 Jan 1925 Wied, Vidit I Skėnderbeg II ...........i1876-1945

                          (in exile from 03 Sep 1914)

05 Oct 1914 - 24 Feb 1916 Esat Salil Pashė Toptani .............. 1863-1920

                          (1st Time)

28 Dec 1918 - 28 Jan 1920 Esat Salil Pashė Toptani

                          (2nd Time, in rebellion)

28 Jan      - 30 Jan 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina

                          (Chairman of the Government)

30 Jan 1920 - 12 Dec 1921 Chairmen of the National Government

                          - Aqif Pashė Biēaku

                          - Abdi Bej Toptani

                          - Luigi Bumēi, Bishop of Lezhė

                          - Mihal Turtulli

12 Dec      - 25 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi ...................... 1873-1943

25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 High Council

31 Jan 1925 - 08 Apr 1939 Mati, Ahmet Zogu I Skėnderbeg III ..... 1895-1961

                          (President to 01 Sep 1928)

08 Apr      - 12 Apr 1939 Xhafer Asilan Bej Ypi

                          (acting head of state)

12 Apr      - 16 Apr 1939 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci ................... 1877-1946

                          (regent)

16 Apr 1939 - 03 Sep 1943 Savoia, Viktor Emanueli ............... 1869-1947

22 Apr 1939 -    Mar 1943 Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino ...... 1894-1973

                          (Lieutenant-general representing the King of Italy)

   Mar      - 06 Sep 1943 Alberto Pariani ....................... 1876-1955

                          (Lieutenant-general representing the King of Italy)

20 Oct 1943 - 25 Oct 1944 Mehdi Abdyl Bej Frashėri .............. 1872-1963

                          (Chairman of the Council of Regency)

03 Sep 1943 - 11 Jan 1946 Mati, Ahmet Zogu Skėnderbeg

                          (2nd Time, in exile)

Presidents

03 Apr      - 06 Apr 1992 Kastriot Selman Islami ................ 1952-

                          (acting)

06 Apr      - 09 Apr 1992 Pjetėr Filip Arbnori .................. 1935-2006

                          (acting)                                    

09 Apr 1992 - 24 Jul 1997 Sali Ram Berisha....................... 1944-

24 Jul 1997 (hours)       Skėnder Et'hem Gjinushi ............... 1949-

                          (acting)

24 Jul 1997 - 24 Jul 2002 Rexhep Kemal Mejdani .................. 1944-

24 Jul 2002 - 24 Jul 2007 Alfredo Spiro Moisiu .................. 1929-

24 Jul 2007 - 24 Jul 2012 Bamir Myrteza Topi .................... 1957-

24 Jul 2012 -             Bujar Faik Nishani .................... 1966-

 

 

Leaders of the Government

   Apr      - 23 Aug 1912 Hasan Bej "Prishtina" Berisha ......... 1873-1933

28 Nov 1912 - 22 Jan 1914 Ismail Qemali Bej

12 Oct 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Esat Salil Pashė Toptani .............. s.a

12 Feb      - 07 Mar 1914 Fejzi Bej Alizoti

Prime Minister

15 Mar      - 03 Sep 1914 Turham Pashė Permeti .................. 1839-1927

25 Dec 1918 - 21 Feb 1920 Turham Pashė Permeti (2nd Time)

27 Mar      - 14 Nov 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina .................. 1882-1942

10 Dec 1920 - 19 Oct 1921 Ilias Bej Vrioni (1st Time)

19 Oct      - 06 Dec 1921 Pandeli Evangjeli (1st Time) .......... 1859-1939

06 Dec      - 12 Dec 1921 Hasan Bej Berisha Prishtina ........... s.a

12 Dec      - 24 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi

30 Dec 1921 -    Jan 1922 Omer Pashė Vrioni

   Jan      - 04 Dec 1922 Xhafer Bej Ypi ........................ 1880-1940

04 Dec 1922 - 04 Mar 1924 Ahmet Zogu Mati

05 Mar      - 02 Jun 1924 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci (1st Time)

02 Jun      - 16 Jun 1924 Ilias Bej Vrioni (2nd Time)

16 Jun      - 26 Dec 1924 Theofan Stilian Noli .................. 1882-1965

26 Dec 1924 - 06 Jan 1925 Ilias Bej Vrioni (3rd Time)

10 Sep 1928 - 05 Mar 1930 Koēo Kota (1st Time) .................. 1889-1947

05 Mar 1930 - 22 Oct 1935 Pandeli Evangjeli (2nd Time)

22 Oct 1935 - 09 Nov 1936 Mehdi Bej Frashėri (1st Time)

22 Oct 1936 - 08 Apr 1939 Koēo Kota (2nd Time)

11 Apr 1939 - 04 Dec 1941 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci (2nd Time)

04 Dec 1941 - 19 Jan 1943 Mustafa Merlika-Kruja ................. 1887-1958

19 Jan      - 13 Feb 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova .................... 1882-1948

13 Feb      - 12 May 1943 Maliq Bushati

12 May      - 09 Sep 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (2nd Time)

25 Sep      - 24 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Bej Biēaku

24 Oct      - 03 Nov 1943 Mehdi Bej Frashėri (2nd Time)

04 Nov 1943 - 18 Jul 1944 Rexhep Bej Mitrovicė .................. 1888-1967

18 Jul      - 26 Oct 1944 Fiqri Bej Dine ........................ s.a

22 Feb      - 05 Jun 1991 Fatos Thanas Nano (1st Time) .......... 1952-

05 Jun      - 10 Dec 1991 Ylli Bufi ............................. 1948-

10 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 Vilson Faik Ahmeti .................... 1951-

13 Apr 1992 - 11 Mar 1997 Aleksandėr Gabriel Meksi .............. 1939-

11 Mar      - 24 Jul 1997 Bashkim Muhamet Fino .................. 1962-

24 Jul 1997 - 02 Oct 1998 Fatos Thanas Nano (2nd Time)

02 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 Pandeli Sotir Majko ................... 1967-

29 Oct 1999 - 01 Aug 2002 Ilir Rexhep Meta ...................... 1969-

31 Jul 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 Fatos Thanas Nano (3rd Time)

11 Sep 2005 - 15 Sep 2013 Sali Ram Berisha ...................... s.a 

15 Sep 2013 -             Edi Rama .............................. 1964-

 

___________________________________________________________________________

 

Socialist People's Republic of Albania

 

Secretaries of the Albanian Party of Labour

11 Jan 1946 - 11 Apr 1985 Enver Halil Hoxha ..................... 1908-1985

11 Apr      - 13 Apr 1985 Vangjel Ēėrrava ....................... 1941-

13 Apr 1985 - 30 Apr 1991 Ramiz Tafė Alia ....................... 1925-2011

 

Presidents of the Assembly

11 Jan 1946 - 01 Aug 1953 Omer Nishani .......................... 1887-1963

01 Aug 1953 - 22 Nov 1982 Haxhi Lleshi .......................... 1913-1998

22 Nov 1982 - 03 Apr 1992 Ramiz Tafė Alia ....................... s.a

 

Prime Ministers

11 Jan 1946 - 20 Jul 1954 Enver Halil Hoxha ..................... s.a

20 Jul 1954 - 18 Dec 1981 Mehmet Ismail Shehu ................... 1913-1981

18 Dec 1981 - 22 Feb 1991 Adil Ēarēani .......................... 1922-1997