25 Dec 800 Holy Roman Empire
26 Dec 1805 Empire abolished (official 06 Aug 1806)
25 Jul 1806 Confederation of the Rhein
21 Oct 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Transitional Central Administration
20 Jun 1815 - 24 Aug 1866 German Confederation
18 May 1848 - 12 Jul 1849 German Empire
01 Jul 1867 - 10 Dec 1870 North German Confederation
10 Dec 1870 German Empire (2nd Reich)
14 Aug 1919 "Weimar Republic"
30 Jan 1933 - 23 May 1945 National Socialist Government (3rd Reich)
23 May 1945 - 05 May 1955 Allied occupation
07 Sep 1949 Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublic Deutschland) (West Germany)
07 Oct 1949 - 02 Oct 1990 German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
03 Oct 1990 - Reunification as Federal Republic of Germany
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| 1919-1935 |
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| 1888-1919 |
 |
| Coat of Arms 1870-88 |
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| 1867-1871 |
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| 1815-1866 |
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| 1806-1813 |
Deutsches Reich
740 German Kingdom
25 Dec 800 German Reich, Emperor held title "King of the Romans"
06 Aug 1806 Empire dissolved
25 Jul 1806 - 19 Oct 1813 Confederation of the Rhine
21 Oct 1813 Central Administration Council
20 Jun 1815 - 24 Aug 1866 German Confederation; members in official order
- Austria
- Prussia
- Bavaria
- Saxony
- Hanover
- Württemberg
- Baden
- Hesse-Kassel
- Hesse-Darmstadt
- Holstein
- Luxemburg
- Limburg (Within the Netherlands from 1839)
- Braunschweig
- Nassau
- Sachs-Weimar
- Sachs-Gotha
- Sachs Coburg
- Sachs-Meiningen
- Sachs-Hildburghausen
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Oldenburg
- Anhalt-Dessau (merged into Anhalt 30 Aug 1863)
- Anhalt-Bernberg
- Anhalt-Kothen
- Schwartzburg-Sondershausen
- Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen (annexed by Prussia 12 Mar 1850)
- Lichtenstein
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (annexed by Prussia 12 Mar 1850)
- Waldeck
- Reuss Senior Line
- Reuss Junior Line
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- Lippe
- Hesse-Homburg
- Lauenburg (from 1817)
- Lübeck
- Frankfurt
- Bremen
- Hamburg
12 Jul 1848 - 20 Dec 1849 German Reich
01 Jul 1867 - 31 Dec 1870 North German Confederation; members
- Prussia (with Lauenburg)
- Saxony
- Sachs-Weimar
- Sachs-Gotha
- Sachs-Coburg and Gotha
- Sachs-Meiningen
- Sachs-Hildburghausen
- Anhalt
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Oldenburg
- Schwartzburg-Sondershausen
- Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt
- Reuss Junior Line
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- Lippe
- Hesse-Homburg
- Lübeck
- Bremen
- Hamburg
10 Dec 1870 German Reich (Deutsches Reich); members
- Prussia
- Bavaria
- Saxony
- Württemberg
- Baden
- Hessen
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Oldenburg
- Sachs-Weimar-Eisenach
- Anhalt
- Brunswick
- Sachs-Altenburg
- Sachs-Coburg and Gotha
- Sachs-Meiningen
- Lippe
- Reuss-Gera
- Reuss-Greiz
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
- Bremen
- Hamburg
- Lübeck
- Alsace-Lorraine
09 Nov 1918 Abdication of the Emperor
14 Aug 1919 Germany a Republic* (style German Reich not officially abandoned)
30 Jan 1933 Third Reich (National Socialist regime)
05 Jun 1945 Reich dissolved
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Berlin.
Language: German, Polish, Danish, Sorbian.
Religion: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Heil dir im Siegerkranz" ("Hail to thee in Victor's Crown").
National Day: Emperor's birthday, 27 January (1859).
National Motto: Gott mit uns (God with us).
Currency: Reichsmark.
Monarchs
740 - 755 Karolinger, Karloman I
755 - 800 Karolinger, Karl I
25 Dec 800 - 28 Jan 814 Karolinger, Karl II "Der Größe"
28 Jan 814 - 20 Jun 840 Karolinger, Ludwig I "Der Frommer"
20 Jun 840 - 28 Aug 876 Karolinger, Ludwig II "Der Deutsche"
(King of East Fresia and Baveria)
28 Aug 876 - 20 Mar 880 Karolinger, Karloman II
28 Aug 876 - 20 Jan 882 Karolinger, Ludwig III "Der Jungere"
28 Aug 876 - 11 Nov 887 Karolinger, Karl III "Der Dicke"
30 Nov 887 - 08 Dec 899 Karolinger, Arnulf I
08 Dec 899 - 20 Sep 911 Karolinger, Ludwig IV "Das Kind"
10 Nov 911 - 23 Dec 918 Konradiner, Konrad I "Der Jungere"
23 Dec 918 - 02 Jul 936 Ludolfinger, Heinrich I "Der Volgler oder der Vogelfanger"
919 - 921 Ludolfinger, Arnulf "der Böse"
(Arnulf the Bad, rival Emperor)
02 Jul 936 - 07 May 973 Ludolfinger, Otto I "Der Größe"
07 May 973 - 07 Dec 983 Ludolfinger, Otto II "Der Rote"
07 Dec 983 - 21 Jan 1002 Ludolfinger, Otto III
21 Jan 1002 - 13 Jul 1024 Ludolfinger, Heinrich II "Der Heilige"
08 Sep 1024 - 04 Jun 1039 Salier, Konrad II
04 Jun 1039 - 05 Oct 1056 Salier, Heinrich III
05 Oct 1056 - 31 Dec 1105 Salier, Heinrich IV
15 Mar 1077 - 15 Oct 1080 von Rheinfeld, Rudolf
(Duke of Swabia, anti-King)
15 Oct 1080 - 28 Sep 1088 Salm, Hermann
(Count of Salm & Ludemburg, rival to Heinrich IV)
1087 - Apr 1098 Salier, Konrad
(co-Emperor with Heinrich IV)
01 Jan 1106 - 23 May 1125 Salier, Heinrich V
30 Aug 1125 - 04 Dec 1137 Supplinburg, Lothar II
(Duke of Saxony)
07 Mar 1138 - 15 Feb 1152 Hohenstaufen, Konrad III
(Duke of Franconia)
30 Mar 1147 - 1150 Heinrich Berengar
(co-Emperor with Konrad III)
04 Mar 1152 - 10 Jun 1190 Hohenstaufen, Friedrich I Barbarossa
(Duke of Swabia)
10 Jun 1190 - 28 Sep 1197 Hohenstaufen, Heinrich VI
(Duke of Thuringia)
06 Mar 1198 - 21 Aug 1208 Hohenstaufen, Philipp
(Duke of Swabia, rival to Otto IV)
29 Mar 1198 - 05 Jul 1212 Hohenstaufen, Otto IV
05 Dec 1212 - 26 Dec 1250 Welf, Friedrich II
1220 - 1235 Hohenstaufen, Heinrich VII
(Duke of Swabia)
22 May 1246 - 16 Feb 1247 Heinrich Raspe
(Duke of Thuringia, anti-King)
26 Dec 1250 - 01 May 1254 Hohenstaufen, Konrad III
1247 - 28 Jan 1256 Willem van Holland
(anti King, in opposition)
13 Jan 1257 - 02 Apr 1272 Richard of Cornwall
(Duke of Cornwall)
01 Apr 1257 - 1275 Burgundy, Alfonso X
(King of Castille, rival King)
29 Sep 1273 - 15 Jul 1291 Habsburg, Rudolf I
(Duke of Styria)
05 May 1292 - 23 Jun 1298 Nassau-weilburg, Adolf
(Count of Nassau)
27 Jul 1298 - 01 May 1308 Habsburg, Albrecht I
(Archduke of Austria, Margrave of Meissen)
27 Nov 1308 - 24 Aug 1313 Luxemburg, Heinrich VIII
(Count of Luxemburg)
20 Oct 1314 - 11 Oct 1347 Wittlesbach, Ludwig IV
(Duke of Baveria, King of Italy)
1314 - 13 Jan 1330 Habsburg, Friedrich "The Handsom"
(Archduke of Austria, rival to Ludwig IV)
11 Jul 1346 - 29 Nov 1378 Luxemburg, Karl IV
(Karel IV of Bohemia)
30 Jan - 24 May 1349 von Schwarzburg, Günther
(in opposition to Karl IV)
10 Jun 1376 - 20 Aug 1400 Luxemburg, Wenzel
(King of Bohemia, co-Emperor)
18 Mar 1438 - 27 Oct 1439 Habsburg, Albrecht II
(King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria)
02 Feb 1440 - 19 Aug 1493 Habsburg, Friedrich III
(Archduke of Austria)
19 Mar 1452 - 26 Dec 1805 The Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhein
25 Jul 1806 - 19 Oct 1813 Karl Theodor Anton Maria Kämmerer ..................... 1744-1817
(Grand Duke of Frankfurt)
President of the Central Adminidtration Council
21 Oct 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Prinz Heinrich Friedrich Karl,
Freiherr vom und zum Stein ........................... 1757-1831
Presidents of the German Confederation
20 Jun 1815 - 24 Aug 1866 The Emperors of Austria
12 Jul 1848 - 20 Dec 1849 Habsburg, Johann Erzherzog von Österreich ............. 1782-1859
(Imperial Vicar)
President of the North German Confederation
01 Jul 1867 - 31 Dec 1870 Hohenzollen, Wilhelm I von Preussen ................... 1797-1888
Emperors
18 Jan 1871 - 09 Mar 1888 Hohenzollen, Wilhelm I
09 Mar - 15 Jun 1888 Hohenzollen, Friedrich III ............................ 1831-1888
(King of Prussia)
15 Jun 1888 - 18 Nov 1918 Hohenzollen, Wilhelm II ............................... 1859-1941
(King of Prussia)
09 Nov 1918 - 14 Aug 1919 Vacant
Presidents
07 Feb 1919 - 28 Feb 1925 Friedrich Ebert ....................................... 1871-1925 SPD
12 May 1925 - 02 Aug 1934 Paul Ludwig Hans Anton
von Beneckendorff und von Hindernberg ................ 1847-1934
Archcharncellors for Germany
Presidents of the National Assembly in Frankfurt
18 May - 19 May 1848 Friedrich Lang ........................................ 1778-1859
19 May 1848 - 12 Jul 1849 Heinrich Wilhelm August, Freiherr von Gagern .......... 1799-1880
Prime Ministers
15 Jul - 16 Sep 1848 Karl Emich, Prinz von Leiningen-Westerburg ............ 1804-1856
16 Sep - 18 Dec 1848 Anton von Schmerling .................................. 1805-1893
18 Dec 1848 - 16 May 1849 Heinrich, Freiherr von Gagern
16 May - 21 May 1849 Maximillian Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Grävell ............ 1781-1860
21 May - 20 Dec 1849 August, Prinz von Sayn-Wittgenstein zu Berleburg ...... 1788-1874
14 Jul 1867 - 31 Dec 1870 Otto Eduard Eduard Leopold Graf
von Bismark-Schönhausen .............................. 1815-1898
Chancellors
01 Jan 1871 - 20 Mar 1890 Prinz Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismark-Schönhausen
20 Mar 1890 - 29 Oct 1894 Georg Leo von Caprivi de Caprera
de Montecuccoli ...................................... 1831-1899
29 Oct 1894 - 17 Oct 1900 Prinz Chlodwig Carl Viktor,
Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurs
von Ratibor und Corvey .............................. 1819-1901
17 Oct 1900 - 14 Jul 1909 Prinz Bernard Heinrich Karl Martin,
Graf von Bülow ....................................... 1849-1929
14 Jul 1909 - 16 Jul 1917 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg ......................... 1856-1921
16 Jul - 02 Dec 1917 Georg Michealis ....................................... 1857-1936
02 Dec 1917 - 05 Oct 1918 Georg Friedrich Graf von Hertling ..................... 1843-1919
05 Oct - 18 Nov 1918 Maximilion Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm,
Prinz von Baden ...................................... 1867-1929
09 Nov 1918 - 11 Feb 1919 Friedrich Ebert
11 Feb - 21 Jun 1919 Philipp Scheidemann ................................... 1865-1939 SPD
21 Jun 1919 - 27 Mar 1920 Gustaf Adolf Bauer .................................... 1870-1944 SPD
27 Mar - 21 Jun 1920 Herman Müller (1st Time) .............................. 1876-1931 SPD
21 Jun 1920 - 10 May 1921 Konstantin Fehrenbach ................................. 1852-1926
10 May 1921 - 22 Nov 1922 Josef Karl Wirth ...................................... 1879-1956
22 Nov 1922 - 13 Aug 1923 Wilhelm Karl Josef Kuno ............................... 1876-1933
13 Aug - 30 Nov 1923 Gustav Stresemann ..................................... 1878-1929
30 Nov 1923 - 16 Jan 1925 Wilhelm Marx (1st Time) ............................... 1863-1946
16 Jan 1925 - 13 May 1926 Hans Luther ........................................... 1879-1962
13 May 1926 - 28 Jun 1928 Wilhelm Marx (2nd Time)
28 Jun 1928 - 30 Mar 1930 Herman Müller (2nd Time)
30 Mar 1930 - 01 Jun 1932 Heinrich Brüning ...................................... 1885-1970
01 Jun - 03 Dec 1932 Franz Josef Hermann Michael Maria von Papen ........... 1879-1969
03 Dec 1932 - 30 Jan 1933 Kurt von Schleicher ................................... 1882-1934
Presidential Envoys to the Federal Parliment (from Austria)
05 Oct - 16 Dec 1815 Franz Josef Freiherr von Albini auf Dürrenreid ........ 1748-1816
16 Dec 1815 - 24 Feb 1823 Johann Rudolf Graf von Buol-Schauenstein .............. 1763-1834
24 Feb 1823 - 12 Mar 1848 Joachim Eduard, Freiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen ...... 1786-1866
12 Mar - 14 May 1848 Franz, Graf von Colloredo-Wallsee ..................... 1799-1859
14 May - 12 Jul 1848 Anton von Schmerling .................................. 1805-1893
01 May 1850 - 01 Nov 1852 Friedrich, Graf von Thun-Hohenstein ................... 1810-1891
01 Jan 1853 - 12 Oct 1855 Anton Freiherr Prokesch ............................... 1795-1876
12 Oct 1855 - 04 May 1859 Johann Bernhard,
Graf von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen .................... 1806-1899
23 May 1859 - 24 Aug 1866 Aloys Freiherr von Kübeck ............................. 1819-1873
Note: The name Weimar Republic is a historical name and was never in officiall use.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
German Socialist Republic
Chairmen of the Council
20 Dec 1918 - 06 Feb 1919 Robert Leinert ........................................ 1873-1940
- Emmanuel Cohen-Reuss ................................ 1876-1963
- Hermann Müller ...................................... 1876-1931
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rheinland Republic
28 Aug 1797 - 30 Jun 1802 Cisrheinian Republic in French occupied territories
18 Oct 1797 de facto ceded to France by Treaty of Campo Formio
09 Feb 1801 de jure annexed by France bt Treaty of Luneville
01 Jun 1919 Failed French attempt to create a buffer state
21 Oct 1923 - 27 Feb 1924 Rheinland Republic proclaimed as a confederation of three states,
North and South Rhein and Ruhr; with French and Belgian support
12 Nov 1923 - 17 Feb 1924 Palatinate Republic federated with the Rheinland Republic
Head of Government
01 Jun 1919 Johannes Adam Dorten (1st Time)
22 Oct 1923 – 27 Feb 1924 Johannes Adam Dorten (2nd Time)
Prime Minister
22 Oct 1923 – 27 Feb 1924 Josef Friedrich Matthes ............................... 1886-1943
- Autonomous Palatinate -
Chairmen of the Government
12 Nov 1923 – 09 Jan 1924 Franz-Josef Heinz-Orbis ............................... 1884-1924
09 Jan - 17 Feb 1924 .....
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| Hoheitszeichen 1935-1945 |
Greater German Reich (Third Reich)
30 Jan 1933 National Socialist government takes power
02 Aug 1934 Third Reich proclaimed
13 Mar 1938 - 27 Apr 1945 The act of Anschluss annexes Austria to Germany
21 Oct 1938 - 06 May 1945 Sudetenland incorporated in to Germany
15 Jun 1940 - 20 Mar 1945 Alsace-Lorraine reincorporated in to Germany
1943 Greater German Reich
28 May 1945 Flensburg government is dissolved
05 Jun 1945 Third Reich dissolved
Government: One Party State.
Capital: Berlin.
Language: German, Sorbian, Polish, Czech.
Religion: Lutheran, Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Horst-Wessel-Lied" (Horst-Wessel Song).
National Emblem: Swastika and Eagle.
National Day: 23rd April Führer's Birthday (1889).
National Motto: Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer (One People, One Land, One Leader).
Currency: Reichsmark.
Reichsführer
02 Aug 1934 - 30 Apr 1945 Adolf Hitler .......................................... 1889-1945 NSDAP
President
30 Apr - 23 May 1945 Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz ............................. 1891-1980 Mil
Chancellors
30 Jan 1933 - 30 Apr 1945 Adolf Hitler
30 Apr - 01 May 1945 Paul Josef Goebbles ................................... 1897-1945 NSDAP
Leading Minister of State
02 May - 23 May 1945 Ludwig Johann Graf von Kosnigk ........................ 1887-1977
NSDAP=Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party,
Nationalist, Xenophobic)
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (West Germany)
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| Adopted 1949 |
07 Sep 1949 Federal Republic of Germany 'West Germany'
05 May 1955 Full sovereignty
01 Jan 1958 Accession to the EEC
03 Oct 1990 Territory of the GDR incorporated into the FRD
Government: Federal Republic.
Capital: Bonn.
Language: German, Sorbian, Friesian, Turkish, Serbo-Croat.
Religion: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Sunni Islam.
National Anthem: "Lied der Deutschen" ("Song of the Germans").
National Day: National Memorial Day, 17 June (1953).
National Emplem: Black Eagle.
National Motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (Unity, Justice and Freedom).
EU Accession: Founding member 1957.
Currency: Deutsch Mark.
Presidents
07 Sep - 12 Sep 1949 Karl Arnold ........................................... 1901-1958
12 Sep 1949 - 12 Sep 1959 Theodor Heuss ......................................... 1884-1963
12 Sep 1959 - 30 Jun 1969 Karl Heinrich Lubke ................................... 1894-1972
01 Jul 1969 - 30 Jun 1974 Gustav Walter Heinemann ............................... 1899-1976
01 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1979 Walter Scheel ......................................... 1919-
01 Jul 1979 - 30 Jun 1984 Karl Karstens ......................................... 1914-1992
01 Jul 1984 - 02 Oct 1990 Dr Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker ............... 1920-2015
Chancellors
16 Sep 1949 - 16 Oct 1963 Dr Konrad Hermman Josef Adenauer ...................... 1876-1967 CDU
16 Oct 1963 - 01 Dec 1966 Dr Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard .............................. 1897-1977 CDU
01 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Dr Kurt Georg Kiesinger ............................... 1904-1988 CDU
21 Oct 1969 - 16 May 1974 Herbert Wilhelm Ernst Karl Frahm Brandt ............... 1913-1992 SPD
16 May 1974 - 01 Oct 1982 Helmut Heinrich Waldermar Schmit ...................... 1918- SPD
01 Oct 1982 - 02 Oct 1990 Helmut Josef Michael Kohl ............................. 1930- CDU
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
West Berlin
30 Nov 1948 - 02 Oct 1990 Divided into East and West Berlin.
West Berlin closely affiliated,
but not legally part of West Germany though
it was a member of the federal parliament and
was internationally represented by the West German government
07 Sep 1949 - 20 Jun 1991 Capital moved to Bonn
03 Oct 1990 East and West Berlin are reunited
Mayors
07 Dec 1948 - 29 Sep 1953 Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter .... 1886-1972 CDU
30 Sep 1953 - 11 Jan 1955 Walther Schreiber ............... 1889-1953 SPD
11 Jan 1955 - 30 Aug 1957 Otto Suhr ....................... 1894-1957 SPD
30 Aug - 03 Oct 1957 Franz Amrehn .................... 1912-1981 CDU
(acting)
03 Oct 1957 - 01 Dec 1966 Wilhelm Brandt .................. 1913-1992 SPD
01 Dec 1966 - 19 Oct 1967 Heinrich Albertz ................ 1915-1993 SPD
19 Oct 1967 - 02 May 1977 Klaus Schütz .................... 1926-2012 SPD
02 May 1977 - 23 Jan 1981 Dietrich Stobbe ................. 1938-2011 SPD
23 Jan - 11 Jun 1981 Hans-Jochen Vogel ............... 1926- SPD
11 Jun 1981 - 09 Feb 1984 Richard von Weizsäcker .......... s.a CDU
09 Feb 1984 - 16 Mar 1989 Eberhard Diepgen ................ (s.a) CDU
16 Mar 1989 - 24 Jan 1991 Walter Lutz Momper .............. (s.a) SPD
CDU=Christlich Demokratische Union (Consevative)
SPD=Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic)
FDP=Freie Demokranische Partei (Liberal)
PDS=Die LinkePartei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (Socialist)
G=Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Enviromentalist)
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| 1955-1990 |
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| 1953-1955 |
 |
| Emblem 1949-1953 |
Deutsche Demokratische Republik (East Germany)
02 May 1945 Area forms the Soviet occupation zone
07 Oct 1949 - 02 Oct 1990 D.D.R (German Democratic Republic)
12 Aug 1961 - 09 Nov 1989 Berlin is devided by the Berlin Wall
09 Nov 1989 Berlin Wall demolished
03 Oct 1990 Incorporated in to Federal Republic of Germany
Government: Socialist Republic.
Capital: East Berlin.
Language: German, Sorbian, Vietnamese.
Religion: Lutheran, Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" (Risen from the Ruins).
National Emblem: Hammer and Compasses.
National Day: 07 October, Founding of the DDR (1949).
National Motto: Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch! (Workers of the world unite!).
Currency: DDR Mark.
General Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party
07 Oct 1949 - 25 Jul 1950 Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck ..................... 1876-1960 SED
25 Jul 1950 - 03 May 1971 Walter Ulbrecht ...................................... 1893-1973 SED
03 May 1971 - 18 Oct 1989 Erich Honecker ....................................... 1912-1994 SED
18 Oct - 03 Dec 1989 Egon Krenz ........................................... 1937- SED
16 Dec 1989 - 04 Feb 1990 Gregor Gysi .......................................... 1948- PDS
Co-Chairman of the Presidium of the Volkskammer
19 Mar 1948 - 07 Oct 1949 Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck SED
- Wilhelm Külz ....................................... 1875-1948 LDP
- Otto Nuschke ....................................... 1883-1957 CDU
- Ernst Goldenbaum ................................... 1898-1990
- Lothar Bolz ........................................ 1903-1986
- Hermann Kastner .................................... 1886-1957 LDP
Presidents
07 Oct 1949 - 07 Sep 1960 Friederich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck SED
07 Sep - 12 Sep 1960 Johannes Dieckmann ................................... 1893-1969 LDP
Chairmen of the Volkskammer
12 Sep 1960 - 01 Aug 1973 Walter Ulbrecht SED
01 Aug - 03 Oct 1973 Friedrich Ebert ...................................... 1894-1979 SED
03 Oct 1973 - 29 Oct 1976 Wilhelm Stoph ........................................ 1914-1999 SED
29 Oct 1976 - 24 Oct 1989 Erich Honecker SED
24 Oct - 06 Dec 1989 Egon Krenz SED
06 Dec 1989 - 05 Apr 1990 Manfred Gerlach ...................................... 1928-2011 LDP
Head of State
05 Apr - 02 Oct 1990 Sabine Bergmann-Pohl ................................. 1946- CDU
Chairman of the German Economic Council
09 Mar 1948 - 11 Oct 1949 Heinrich Rau ......................................... 1899-1961 SED
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
12 Oct 1949 - 21 Sep 1964 Otto Gotewohl ........................................ 1894-1964 SED
21 Sep 1964 - 03 Oct 1973 Wilhelm Stolph (1st Time) SED
03 Oct 1973 - 29 Oct 1976 Horst Sindermann ..................................... 1915-1990 SED
29 Oct 1976 - 13 Nov 1989 Wilhelm Stolph (2nd Time)
13 Nov 1989 - 12 Apr 1990 Hans Modrow .......................................... 1928- SED
Prime Minister
12 Apr - 02 Oct 1990 Lothar de Maizière ................................... 1940- CDU
SED=Sozialisitsche Einheitspartei Deutschlande (Socialist Unity Party, Communist)
LDP=Liberaldemokratische Partei (Liberal Democratic Party, from 1990 part of FDP)
CDU=Christlich Demokratische Union (Christian Democratic Party, conservative)
|
| Adopted 1949 & 1990 |
Bundesrepublic Deutschland
03 Oct 1990 German unification
Government: Federal Republic.
Capital: Berlin.
Language: German, Sorbian, Friesian, Turkish, Serbo-Croat.
Religion: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Sunni Islam, Buddhisum.
National Anthem: "Lied der Deutschen" ("Song of the Germans").
National Day: Unifircation day, 03 October (1990).
National Emplem: Black Eagel.
National Motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (Unity, Justice and Freedom).
EU Accession: Founding member 1957 (1990).
Currency: Euro (Deutsch Mark 1990-2001).
Presidents
03 Oct 1990 - 30 Jun 1994 Dr Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker .............. s.a
01 Jul 1994 - 30 Jun 1999 Dr Roman Herzog ...................................... 1934-
01 Jul 1999 - 30 Jun 2004 Johannes Rau ......................................... 1931-2006
01 Jul 2004 - 31 May 2010 Horst Köhler ......................................... 1944-
31 May - 30 Jun 2010 Jens Böhrnsen
(President of the Bundesrat, acting)
01 Jul 2010 - 17 Feb 2012 Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff ....................... 1959-
17 Feb - 18 Mar 2012 Horst Lorenz Seehofer
18 Mar 2012 - Joachim Gauck ........................................ 1940-
Chancellors
03 Oct 1990 - 27 Oct 1998 Helmut Josef Michael Kohl ............................ s.a
27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 Gerhard Friedrich Kurt Schröder ...................... 1944- SPD
22 Nov 2005 - Angela Dorothea Kasner Merkel ........................ 1954- CDU
CDU=Christlich Demokratische Union (Conservative)
SPD=Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic)
FDP=Freie Demokranische Partei (Liberal)
PDS=Die LinkePartei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (Socialist)
G=Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Environmentalist)
Federal States
Occupation of Germany
23 May 1945 - 05 May 1955 Allied occupation
01 Jan 1947 Bizone created by economic merger of UK and US zone
08 May 1949 Trizone formed with merger of the French zone
07 Sep 1949 Western zones become 'West Germany'
07 Oct 1949 Eastern Zone becomes 'East Germany'
05 May 1955 End of Allied occupation
15 Mar 1991 Allied control ends
- British Zone -
Military Governors
22 May 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Sir Bernard Law Montgomery,
Viscount Alamein .................................... 1887-1976
01 May 1946 - 31 Oct 1947 William Sholto Douglas,
Baron of Kirtleside ................................. 1893-1969
01 Nov 1947 - 24 Jun 1950 Brian Hubert Robertson,
Baron of Oakridge ................................... 1896-1974
High Commissioners
24 Jun 1950 - 29 Sep 1953 Sir Ivone Augustine Kirkpadrick ...................... 1897-1964
29 Sep 1953 - 05 May 1955 Frederick Robert Hoyer Millar,
Baron Inchyra ....................................... 1900-1989
- Dutch Zone -
1949-1963 Annexation of Tudderen & Rltern
1963- Returned to Germany
Landdrost of Tudderen
23 Apr 1949 - 31 Jul 1963 Hubert Michiel Jozef Dassen .......................... 1909-1978
Landdrosten of Elten
23 Apr 1949 - 28 Oct 1961 Adriaan Blaauboer .................................... 1906-1961
05 Nov 1961 - 31 Jul 1963 Hans Georg Inundat,
Baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken .................... 1917-1988
- French Zone -
Military Governors
May - Jul 1945 Jean Joseph Marie de Lattre de Tessigny .............. 1889-1952
Jul 1945 - 21 Sep 1949 Marie Pierre Koenig .................................. 1898-1970
High Commissioner
21 Sep 1949 - 05 May 1955 André François-Poncet ................................ 1887-1978
- Soviet Zone -
Military Governors
01 May 1945 - 10 Apr 1946 Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov ........................ 1896-1974
10 Apr 1946 - 29 Mar 1949 Vasily Danilovich Sokolovski ......................... 1897-1968
29 Mar - 10 Oct 1949 Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov ............................. 1900-1982
High Commissioners
10 Oct 1949 - 28 May 1953 Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov
28 May 1953 - 16 Jul 1953 Vladimir Semenovich Semyonov ......................... 1911-1992
16 Jul 1953 - 20 Sep 1955 Georgy Maksimovich Pushkin ........................... 1909-1963
- US Zone -
Military Governors
08 May - 10 Nov 1945 Dwight David Eisenhower .............................. 1890-1960
11 Nov - 25 Nov 1945 George Smith Pattern ................................. 1885-1945
25 Nov 1945 - 05 Jan 1947 Joseph Taggart McNarney .............................. 1893-1972
06 Jan 1947 - 14 May 1949 Lucius Dubignon Clay ................................. 1897-1978
15 May - 31 Aug 1949 Clarence Ralph Huebener .............................. 1888-1972
High Commissioners
01 Sep 1949 - 31 Jul 1952 John Jay McCloy ...................................... 1895-1989
01 Aug - 11 Dec 1952 Walter J. Donnelly ................................... 1896-1970
11 Dec 1952 - 10 Feb 1953 Samuel Reber ......................................... 1903-1971
10 Feb 1953 - 05 May 1955 James Bryant Conant .................................. 1893-1978
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