Polska

Adopted 1989

Peoples Republic 1952-89

         1945-1952

           1927-1939

Coat of Arms 1916-27

Duchy of Warsaw

Poland-Lithuania 1569



           To 1569

830 Polish Principality

25 Dec 1025 Polish Kingdom

Jun 1079 Polish Principality

28 Oct 1138 Division into principalities

20 Jan 1320 Polish Kingdom

04 Jul 1569 Accord of Lublin unites Poland and Lithuania into

a United Commonwealth

15 Sep 1697 - 01 Feb 1733 Personal Union with the Saxony (except 1704-1709)

05 Aug 1772 First Partition of Poland between Austria, Prussia and Russia

23 Jan 1793 Second Partition of Poland between Prussia and Russia

07 Jan 1795 Third Partition of Poland between Prussia and Russia

09 Jul 1807 - 20 Jun 1815 Polish independence restored with the creation of the Duchy

of Warsaw under French protection

14 Mar 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Warsaw under Russian occupation

20 Jun 1815 Congress of Poland in personal union with Russian Empire,

fully integrated into Russia by 1832. Russian rule ended by

German occupation in 1915.

25 Jan 1831 - 1832 First Insurrection against foreign rule

22 Jan 1863 - 1865 Second Insurrection

05 Aug 1915 - 11 Nov 1918 Russian controlled Poland occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary

05 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 Kingdom of Poland under Austrian-German occupation

06 Nov 1918 Polish State

22 Nov 1918 Independence proclaimed, Polish Republic

30 Jul - 20 Aug 1920 Polish Soviet Socialist Republic (Proclaimed in Bialystok)

1933 Proposal to offer the Polish throne to Prince Friedrich Christian of Saxony

01 Sep 1939 German invasion from the west, government surrenders 30 Sep 1939

17 Sep 1939 Soviet Invasion from the east, Western Ukraine and west Belorussia

incorporated into the USSR

21 Jun 1941 Soviet occupied areas occupied by Germany

01 Aug 1941 Eastern Galicia added to the General government

01 Jan 1944 Polish Republic

Jul 1944 Start of Soviet liberation, Warsaw taken on 17 Jan 1945,

German forces surrender

1946 Regions of Lwow, Nowogródek, Poleskie, Stanislawow, Tarnopol,

Równe and Wilno ceded to the USSR

1946 Former German areas of Pomerania, Silesia, Southeast Prussia

and east Brandenburg incorporated into Poland

01 Aug 1952 People's Republic of Poland

30 Dec 1989 Polish Republic

01 May 2004 Accession to the EU

Government: Republic.

Capital: Waszawa.

Language: Polish, German.

Religion: Roman Catholic, Orthodox.

National Anthem: "Dabrowski's Mazurka" (Poland is not yet lost).

National Emblem: White Eagel.

National Day: Constitution Day, 3rd May (1791).

National Motto: Bóg, Honor, Ojczyna (God, Honour Fatherland,[unofficial]).

EU Accession: 1st May 2004.

Currency: Zloty.

Monarchs

830 - 842 Paist, Michal I

842 - 861 Paist, Piast, Duke of Poland

861 - 892 Paist, Ziemowit

892 - 913 Paist, Leszek I

913 - 960 Paist, Ziemonislaw

960 - 992 Paist, Mieczislaw I

992 - 1025 Paist, Boleslaw I

1025 - 1034 Paist, Mieczislaw II Lampert

1031 - 1032 Paist, Bezprym

1034 - 1058 Paist, Kazimierz Karol

19 Mar 1058 - Jun 1079 Paist, Boleslaw II

1079 - 04 Jun 1102 Paist, Wladyslaw I

1102 - 1138 Paist, Boleslaw III

1138 - 1146 Paist, Wladyslaw II

1146 - 1173 Paist, Boleslaw IV

1173 - 1177 Paist, Mieczislaw III (1st Time)

1177 - 05 May 1194 Paist, Kazimierz II

1194 - 1202 Paist, Mieczislaw III (2nd Time)

1202 - 23 Nov 1227 Paist, Leszek II

05 May 1228 - 03 Nov 1231 Paist, Wladyslaw III

03 Nov 1231 - 19 Mar 1238 Paist, Henryk I

19 Mar 1238 - 09 Apr 1241 Paist, Henryk II

10 Jul 1241 - May 1243 Paist, Konrad I Mazowiecki

May 1243 - Dec 1279 Paist, Boleslaw V

Dec 1279 - 30 Sep 1288 Paist, Leszek III "The Black"

Aug 1289 - Apr 1290 Paist, Henryk III

Jan 1291 - 26 Jun 1295 Piast, Waclaw II

26 Jun 1295 - 08 Feb 1296 Paist, Przemyslaw

Sep 1306 - 02 Mar 1333 Paist, Wladyslaw IV

25 Apr 1333 - 05 Nov 1370 Paist, Kazimierz III

05 Nov 1370 - 12 Sep 1382 Angevin, Ludwik Wegierski

28 Mar 1383 - 17 Jul 1399 Angevin, Jadwiga

18 Feb 1386 - 31 May 1434 Jagiellonowie, Wladyslaw V

25 Jul 1434 - 10 Nov 1444 Jagiellonowie, Wladyslaw VI

25 Jun 1447 - 07 Jun 1492 Jagiellonowie, Kazimierz IV

23 Sep 1492 - 17 Jun 1501 Jagiellonowie, Jan Olbract

12 Dec 1501 - 19 Aug 1506 Jagiellonowie, Aleksander

24 Jan 1507 - 01 Apr 1548 Jagiellonowie, Zygmunt I

20 Feb 1550 - 07 Jul 1572 Jagiellonowie, Zygmunt II August

21 Feb 1574 - 12 May 1575 Valois, Henryk IV of France

01 May 1576 - 12 Dec 1586 Bathory, Stefan, King of Poland & Lithuania

22 Aug 1587 - 09 Mar 1589 Habsburg, Maksymilian of Austria

27 Dec 1587 - 30 Apr 1632 Wasa, Zygmunt III

06 Feb 1633 - 20 May 1648 Wasa, Wladyslaw VII

17 Jan 1649 - 16 Sep 1668 Wasa, Jan II Kazimierz

29 Sep 1669 - 10 Nov 1673 Wisniowiecki, Michal II Korybut

05 Jun 1674 - 17 Jun 1696 Sobieski, Jan III

15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704 Wettin, Fryderyk August Mocny ....................... 1670-1733 "The Strong"

(1st Time)

04 Oct 1705 - 08 Aug 1709 Leszczynski, Stanislaw I ............................ 1677-1766

(1st Time)

08 Aug 1709 - 01 Feb 1733 Wettin, Fryderyk August Mocny (2nd Time)

12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734 Leszczynski, Stanislaw I (2nd Time)

30 Jun 1734 - 05 Oct 1763 Wettin, August III .................................. 1696-1763

07 Sep 1764 - 07 Jan 1795 Poniatowski, Stanislaw II ........................... 1732-1798

Grand Duke of Warsaw

09 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813 Wettin, Fryderyk .................................... 1750-1827

Kings

09 Jun 1815 - 05 Aug 1915 The Monarchs of Russia

Dictator

05 Dec 1830 - 25 Jan 1831 Józef Grzegorz Chlopicki ............................ 1771-1854

Presidents of the National Government

25 Jan - 30 Jan 1831 Count Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski .................... 1790-1869

30 Jan - 17 Aug 1831 Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski ....................... 1770-1861

17 Aug - 07 Sep 1831 Jan Stefan Krukowiecki .............................. 1772-1850

07 Sep - 26 Sep 1831 Bonawentura Niemojowski ............................. 1787-1835

22 Jan - 24 May 1863 Stefan Bobrowski .................................... 1841-1863

King

10 Oct 1916 - 26 Oct 1917 Provisional Council of State

- Wraclaw Józef Niemojowski ........................... 1864-1939

- Józef Karol Mateusz Mikulowski-Pomorski ............. 1868-1935

- Józef Klemens Pilsudski ............................. 1867-1935

- Wojciech Hilary Rostworowski ........................ 1877-1952

- Stanislaw Dzierzbicki ............................... 1854-1919

- Michal Lempicki ..................................... 1867-1946

- Stanislaw Janicki ................................... 1872-1939

- Wlodzimierz Kunowski ................................

- Stanislaw Bukowiecki ................................

05 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 Habsburg, Karol Stefan .............................. 1860-1933

(Archduke Karl Stephan von Oesterreich,

candidate, never reigned)

27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Regency Council

- Aleksander Kakowski, Archbishop of Warsaw ........... 1862-1938

- Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski .......................... 1865-1943

- Count Józef August Ostrowski ........................ 1850-1923

Head of State

14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922 Józef Klemens Pilsudski ............................. 1867-1935

(de facto until 1935)

Presidents

14 Dec - 16 Dec 1922 Gabriel Józef Narutowitcz ........................... 1865-1922

16 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926 Stanislaw Wojciechowski ............................. 1869-1952

15 May 1926 - 30 Sep 1939 Ignacy Molciki ...................................... 1867-1946

30 Dec 1989 - 22 Dec 1990 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski .......................... 1923-2014

22 Dec 1990 - 23 Dec 1995 Lech Walesa ......................................... 1943- NSZZ

23 Dec 1995 - 23 Dec 2005 Aleksander Kwasniewski .............................. 1954- SLD

23 Dec 2005 - 10 Apr 2010 Lech Aleksander Kaczynski ........................... 1949-2010 PiS

10 Apr 2010 - Bronislaw Maria Komorowski .......................... 1952- PO

(acting to 08 Aug 2010)

Grand Marshals

1358 - 1368 Pelka Koscielec z Koscielca

1369 - 1374 Jan Kolczek z Zakrzowa

1375 - 1378 Przedbór z Brzezia

1378 - 1379 Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa

1381 - 1387 Przedbór z Brzezia (2nd Time)

1387 - Oct 1388 Mikolaj z Bogorii

Oct 1388 - Dec 1389 Dymitr z Goraja

Dec 1389 - 1391 Mikolaj Wezyk z Rebowa

30 Sep 1394 - 18 Aug 1399 Zbigniew Lanckoronski

z Brzezia (1st Time)

18 Aug - 09 Nov 1399 Gniewosz z Dalewicz

09 Nov 1399 - 22 Feb 1425 Zbigniew Lanckoronski

z Brzezia (2nd Time)

07 Apr 1426 - 24 Jul 1430 Wawrzyniec Zaremba z Kalinowy

21 Oct 1430 - 14 Jan 1440 Jan Glowacz z Olesnicy

30 May 1440 - 09 Mar 1462 Mikolaj Marszalkowicz Lanckoronski

01 May 1462 - 10 Oct 1477 Jan Rytwianski z Rytwian

24 Oct 1477 - 21 Oct 1492 Rafal Jakub Jaroslawski

z Jaroslawia i z Przeworska

21 Oct 1492 - 16 Apr 1505 Piotr Kmita z Wisnicza

i z Sobienia

Aug 1505 - 30 Apr 1529 Stanislaw Chodecki z Chodcza

01 May 1529 - 31 Oct 1553 Piotr Kmita

21 Jun 1555 - 13 Mar 1561 Jan Mieclecki

22 Jul 1563 - 25 Apr 1574 Jan Firlej

25 Apr 1574 - 30 Mar 1593 Andrzej Opalinski

30 Mar 1593 - 19 Sep 1595 Stanislaw Przyjemski

19 Sep 1595 - 27 Nov 1600 Mikolaj Zebrzydowski

25 Jan 1603 - 05 Jul 1615 Zygmund Myszkowski

06 Jul 1616 - 09 Mar 1630 Mikolaj Wolski

15 Apr 1630 - 19 Feb 1650 Lukasz Opalinski

19 Feb 1650 - 30 Dec 1664 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski

17 Jan 1666 - 21 May 1674 Jan Sobieski

19 Feb 1676 - 17 Jan 1702 Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski

17 Jan - 15 Dec 1702 Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski

15 Dec 1702 - 24 Mar 1713 Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski

24 Mar - 02 Apr 1713 Wojciech Andrzej Dambski

02 Apr 1713 - 20 May 1742 Józef Wandalin Mniszech

21 May 1742 - 08 Oct 1766 Franciszek Bielinski

10 Oct 1766 - 12 Aug 1783 Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski

12 Aug - 23 Aug 1783 Franciszek Rzewuski

23 Aug 1783 - 08 Jul 1793 Michal Jerzy Mniszech

01 Aug 1793 - 07 Jan 1795 Fryderyk Józef Moszynski

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

05 Oct - 16 Dec 1807 Duke Stanislaw Malachowski

16 Dec 1807 - 25 Mar 1809 Duke Ludwik Gutakowski ............................. 1738-1811

25 Mar 1809 - May 1813 Stanislaw Kostka Potocki ........................... 1775-1821

Chairman of the Provisional Government

16 Sep 1831 - 22 Feb 1832 Theodor Engel ...................................... 1769-1837

Head of the Provisional Government

08 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Count Aleksander Wielopolski, Marquis of Gonzaga ... 1803-1877

Prime Ministers

01 Feb - 15 Aug 1917 Michal Lempiki ..................................... 1856-1930

27 Nov 1917 - 27 Feb 1918 Jan Kucharzewski ................................... 1876-1952

27 Feb - 04 Apr 1918 Antoni Ponikowski (1st Time) ....................... 1878-1949

04 Apr - 05 Sep 1918 Jan Kanty Steczkowski .............................. 1862-1929

05 Sep - 30 Sep 1918 Stanislaw Dzierzbicki .............................. 1854-1919

30 Sep - 26 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski .................................. 1855-1922

26 Oct - 07 Nov 1918 Józef Swiezynski ................................... 1864-1948

07 Nov - 14 Nov 1918 Wladyslaw Wroblewski ............................... 1875-1951

14 Nov - 17 Nov 1918 Ignacy Ewarysy Daszynski ........................... 1866-1936

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919 Jedrzej Edward Moraczewski ......................... 1879-1944

19 Jan - 13 Dec 1919 Ignacy Jan Paderewski .............................. 1860-1941

13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920 Leopold Skulski .................................... 1878-1940

23 Jun - 24 Jul 1920 Wladislaw Grabski (1st Time) ....................... 1874-1938

24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921 Wincenty Witos (1st Time) .......................... 1874-1945

19 Sep 1921 - 23 Jun 1922 Antoni Ponikowski (2nd Time) ....................... 1878-1949

23 Jun - 16 Jul 1922 Artur Sliwinski .................................... 1877-1953

16 Jul - 31 Jul 1922 Wojciech Korfanty .................................. 1873-1939

31 Jul - 16 Dec 1922 Julian Ignacy Nowak ................................ 1865-1946

16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923 Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski ....................... 1881-1943

29 May - 19 Dec 1923 Wincenty Witos (2nd Time)

19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925 Wladislaw Grabski (2nd Time)

20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926 Count Aleksander Józef Skrzynski ................... 1882-1931

10 May - 17 May 1926 Wincenty Witos (3rd Time)

17 May - 02 Oct 1926 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (1st Time) .............. 1882-1941

02 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928 Józef Klemens Pilsudski (1st Time)

27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (2nd Time)

14 Apr - 29 Dec 1929 Kazimierz Switalski ................................ 1886-1962

29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (3rd Time)

29 Mar - 25 Aug 1930 Walery Slawek (1st Time) ........................... 1879-1939

25 Aug - 04 Dec 1930 Józef Klemens Pilsudski (2nd Time)

04 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931 Walery Slawek (2nd Time)

27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933 Aleksander Blazej Prystor .......................... 1874-1941

12 May 1933 - 14 May 1934 Janusz Jedrzejewicz ................................ 1885-1951

15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935 Leon Tadeusz Kozlowski ............................. 1892-1944

28 Mar - 12 Oct 1935 Walery Slawek (3rd Time)

12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936 Marian Zyndram-Kosciaskowski ....................... 1892-1946

15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939 Felicjan Slawoj-Skladkowski ........................ 1885-1962

Prime Ministers

24 Aug 1989 - 04 Jan 1991 Tadeusz Mazowiecki ................................. 1927-2013 NSZZ

04 Jan - 05 Dec 1991 Jan Krysztof Bielecki .............................. 1951-

05 Dec 1991 - 05 Jun 1992 Jan Ferdynand Olszewski ............................ 1930-

05 Jun - 08 Jul 1992 Waldemar Pawlak (1st Time) ......................... 1959-

08 Jul 1992 - 26 Oct 1993 Hanna Suchocka ..................................... 1946-

26 Oct 1993 - 06 Mar 1995 Waldemar Pawlak (2nd Time)

06 Mar 1995 - 07 Feb 1996 Józef Oleksy ....................................... 1946-2015 SLD

07 Feb 1996 - 31 Oct 1997 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz ............................ 1950- SLD

31 Oct 1997 - 19 Oct 2001 Jerzy Karol Buzek .................................. 1940- AWSP/NSZZ

19 Oct 2001 - 02 May 2004 Leszek Cezary Miller ............................... 1946- SLD

02 May 2004 - 31 Oct 2005 Marek Belka ........................................ 1953- SLD

31 Oct 2005 - 14 Jul 2006 Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz ............................ 1959- PiS

14 Jul 2006 - 16 Nov 2007 Jaroslaw Aleksander Kaczynski ...................... 1949- PiS

16 Nov 2007 - 22 Sep 2014 Donald Franciszek Tusk ............................. 1957- PO

22 Sep 2014 - Ewa Bozena Kopacz .................................. 1956- PO

Voivodeships (1945-1975 and 1999-)
Voivodeships (To 1939)

NSZZ=Niezalezny Samorzadzacy Zwiazek Zadowy (Solidarity, Conservative)

PiS=Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc (Law and Jusice party, Conservative)

PSL=Polskie Stronnicto Ludowe (Polish peasants party, agrarian, conservative)

PO=Platforma Obywatelska (Civic Platform, Liberal, Centrist)

PZPR=Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (Polish united workers party, Communist

SLD=Sojusz Lewicy Demokratcynej (Democratic Left, Socialist)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

People's Republic of Poland

30 Jul - 20 Aug 1920 Polish Soviet Socialist Republic (Proclaimed in Bialystok)

01 Aug 1952 People's Republic of Poland

Secretaries General of the United Polish Workers Party

03 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956 Boleslaw Tomasz Bierut ............................. 1892-1956 PZPR

20 Mar - 21 Oct 1956 Edward Ochab ....................................... 1906-1989 PZPR

21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970 Wladyslaw Wieslaw Gomulka .......................... 1905-1982 PZPR

20 Dec 1970 - 06 Sep 1980 Edward Gierek ...................................... 1913-2001 PZPR

06 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981 Stanislaw Kania .................................... 1927- PZPR

18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... 1923-2014 PZPR

29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990 Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski ..................... 1926-2008 PZPR

Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee

30 Jul - 20 Aug 1920 Julian Baltazar Marchlewski ........................ 1866-1925

Chairmen of the Council of State

01 Jan 1944 - 20 Nov 1952 Boleslaw Tomasz Bierut ............................. s.a

20 Nov 1952 - 07 Aug 1964 Aleksander Zawadzhik ............................... 1899-1964 PZPR

07 Aug 1964 - 11 Apr 1968 Edward Ochab ....................................... s.a

11 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 Marian Spychalski .................................. 1906-1980 PZPR

23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz .................... 1911-1989 PZPR

28 Mar 1972 - 06 Nov 1985 Henryk Jablonski ................................... 1909-2003 PZPR

06 Nov 1985 - 30 Dec 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... s.a

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

21 Jul 1944 - 04 Feb 1947 Edward Osóbka-Morawski ............................. 1909-1997 PZPR

04 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (1st Time)

20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954 Boleslaw Tomasz Bierut ............................. s.a

19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (2nd Time)

23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980 Piortr Jaroszewicz ................................. 1909-1992 PZPR

18 Feb - 24 Aug 1980 Edward Babiuch ..................................... 1927-

24 Aug 1980 - 09 Feb 1981 Józef Pinkowski .................................... 1929-2000 PZPR

09 Feb 1981 - 06 Nov 1985 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... s.a

06 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988 Zbigniew Messner ................................... 1929-2014 PZPR

27 Sep 1988 - 02 Aug 1989 Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski ..................... s.a

02 Aug - 24 Aug 1989 Czeslaw Kiszczak ................................... 1925- PZPR

Voivodeships 1975-1998