Shqipërisë (Albania)

1400 - 168 BC             Northern Albania part of Kingdom of Illyria

168 BC - 528 AD           Roman Rule

528 - 1190                Byzantine Rule

1190 - 1255               Albanian Principality

1272 - 1368               Kingdom of Albania (under Kingdom of Naples)

1368                      Albanian Principality

1376                      Occupied by the Duchy of Athens

1384                      Start of Ottoman conquest

18 Aug 1392 - 15 Aug 1501 Venetian rule in Durrës and Shkodër (1396-1479)

01 Mar 1444 - 17 Jan 1468 Albanian State in central Albania

       1506               Ottoman conquest complete

       15.. - 1867        Part of the Rumenli (Roman) vilayet

1867 - 1912               Albanian lands part of the Vilayets of Janina and Scutari

23 Aug 1912               Ottoman Empire grants autonomy (Autonomous Albanians)

01 Nov 1912 - 26 Oct 1913 Serbian and Montenegran occupation of Durrës and Shkodër

28 Nov 1912               Independence declared

06 Mar 1913 - 10 Aug 1916 Greek occupation of Northern Epirus

30 May 1913               Autonomy granted by the the western powers at the

                           Treaty of London, independence recognised on 29 Jul 1913

   Jan 1914               Under international commission

07 Mar 1914               Albanian Principality

26 Dec 1914 - 02 Sep 1920 Souther Albania occupied by Italy

14 Jun 1915 - 23 Jan 1916 Shkodër occupied by Montenegro

23 Jan 1916 - 13 Nov 1918 Northern and Central areas occupied by Serbia

   Jun 1916 - 26 May 1920 Korce under French occupation

17 Jul 1921               Mirditë Republic proclaimed under Yugoslavia

09 Nov 1921               Independence confirmed by western powers

22 Jan 1925               Albanian Republic

01 Sep 1928               Kingdom of Albania

16 Apr 1939 - 09 Sep 1943 Italian Protectorate

08 Sep 1943 - 20 Oct 1944 German occupation

29 Jun 1941 - 20 Oct 1944 Kumanovo and Kosovo annexed to Albania

11 Jan 1946               People's Republic of Albania

28 Dec 1976               Socialist People's Republic of Albania

30 Apr 1991 -             Republic of Albania

11 Apr      - 14 Aug 1997 Multinational Protection force in Albania

06 Jul 1997               Referendum rejects restoration of the Monarchy

Medieval Kingdom of Albania

Albania 1912-1946

Director-general of the Central Government

22 Jan      - 07 Mar 1914 Fejzi Bej Alizoti ..................... 1874-1945

Kings*

1913                      Osmanli, Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin ... 1885-1949

                          (declined)

07 Mar 1914 - 22 Jan 1925 Wied, Vidit I Skënderbeg II ........... 1876-1945

                          (Prinz Wilhelm von Wied; in exile from 03 Sep 1914)

03 Sep      - 06 Sep 1914 Qamil Musa Haxhi Feza

                          (Chairmen of the Administrative Commission)

06 Sep      - 05 Oct 1914 Mustafa Bëssj Bej Ndroqi

                          (Chairmen of the General Council)

05 Oct 1914 - 24 Feb 1916 Esat Salil Pashë Toptani .............. 1863-1920

                          (Chairmen of the Provisional Council)

28 Dec 1918 - 28 Jan 1920 Esat Salil Pashë Toptani

                          (2nd Time, in rebellion)

28 Jan      - 30 Jan 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina

                          (Chairman of the Government)

30 Jan 1920 - 12 Dec 1921 Chairmen of the National Government

                        - Aqif Pashë Biçaku

                        - Abdi Bej Toptani

                        - Luigi Bumçi, Bishop of Lezhë

                        - Mihal Turtulli

12 Dec      - 25 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi ...................... 1873-1943

25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 High Council

25 Dec 1921 - 03 Oct 1922 Ymer Pashë Vrioni ..................... 1839-1928

25 Dec 1921 - 03 Oct 1922 Ndoc Pistulli

25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 Refik Seit Bej Toptani ................ 1870-1937

25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 Sotir Jovan Peci ...................... 1873-1932

02 Dec 1922 - 31 Jan 1925 Xhafer Asilan Bej Ypi ................. 1880-1940

02 Dec 1922 - 24 May 1924 Gjon F. Çoba

02 Jul      - 24 Dec 1924 Mitropolit Theofan Stylian Noli ....... 1882-1965

22 Jan 1925 - 11 Jan 1946 Mati, Ahmet Zogu I Skënderbeg III ..... 1895-1961

                          (Ahmet Bej Zogolli)

                          (President to 01 Sep 1928, in exile from 07 Apr 1939)

08 Apr      - 12 Apr 1939 Xhafer Asilan Bej Ypi ................. s.a

                          (acting head of state)

12 Apr      - 16 Apr 1939 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci ................... 1877-1946

                          (regent)

16 Apr 1939 - 03 Sep 1943 Savoia, Viktor Emanueli ............... 1869-1947

                          (Vittorio Emmanuele III of Italy)

22 Apr 1939 - 18 Mar 1943 Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino ...... 1894-1973

                          (Lieutenant-general representing the King of Italy)

18 Mar      - 06 Sep 1943 Alberto Pariani ....................... 1876-1955

                          (Lieutenant-general representing the King of Italy)

14 Sep      - 20 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Aqif Bej Biçakçiu ............. 1905-1977

                          (Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee)

20 Oct 1943 - 25 Oct 1944 Mehdi Abdyl Bej Frashëri .............. 1872-1963

                          (Chairman of the Council of Regency)

Leader of the Autonomous Government (in rebellion)

   Apr      - 23 Aug 1912 Hasan Bej "Prishtina" Berisha ......... 1873-1933

Chairmen of the Provisional Government

28 Nov 1912 - 22 Jan 1914 Ismail Qemali Bej ..................... 1844-1919

12 Oct 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Esat Salil Pashë Toptani .............. s.a

Prime Ministers

15 Mar      - 03 Sep 1914 Turham Pashë Permeti (1st Time) ....... 1839-1927

25 Dec 1918 - 21 Feb 1920 Turham Pashë Permeti (2nd Time)

27 Mar      - 14 Nov 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina .................. 1882-1942

10 Dec 1920 - 19 Oct 1921 Ilias Bej Vrioni (1st Time)

19 Oct      - 06 Dec 1921 Pandeli Evangjeli (1st Time) .......... 1859-1939

06 Dec      - 12 Dec 1921 Hasan Bej Berisha Prishtina ........... s.a

12 Dec      - 24 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi ...................... 1873-1943

30 Dec 1921 -    Jan 1922 Omer Pashë Vrioni

   Jan      - 04 Dec 1922 Xhafer Bej Ypi ........................ 1880-1940

04 Dec 1922 - 04 Mar 1924 Ahmet Zogu Mati ....................... s.a

05 Mar      - 02 Jun 1924 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci (1st Time)

02 Jun      - 16 Jun 1924 Ilias Bej Vrioni (2nd Time)

16 Jun      - 26 Dec 1924 Theofan Stilian Noli .................. 1882-1965

26 Dec 1924 - 06 Jan 1925 Ilias Bej Vrioni (3rd Time)

10 Sep 1928 - 05 Mar 1930 Koço Kota (1st Time) .................. 1889-1947

05 Mar 1930 - 22 Oct 1935 Pandeli Evangjeli (2nd Time)

22 Oct 1935 - 09 Nov 1936 Mehdi Bej Frashëri (1st Time)

22 Oct 1936 - 08 Apr 1939 Koço Kota (2nd Time)

11 Apr 1939 - 04 Dec 1941 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci (2nd Time)

04 Dec 1941 - 19 Jan 1943 Mustafa Merlika-Kruja ................. 1887-1958

19 Jan      - 13 Feb 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova .................... 1882-1948

13 Feb      - 12 May 1943 Maliq Bushati

12 May      - 09 Sep 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (2nd Time)

25 Sep      - 24 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Aqif Bej Biçakçiu (1st Time) .. s.a

24 Oct      - 03 Nov 1943 Mehdi Bej Frashëri (2nd Time)

04 Nov 1943 - 18 Jul 1944 Rexhep Bej Mitrovicë .................. 1888-1967

18 Jul      - 06 Sep 1944 Fiqri Bej Dine ........................ s.a

06 Sep      - 26 Oct 1944 Ibrahim Aqif Bej Biçakçiu (2nd Time)

Style of the Monarch: Mbret i Shqiptarëve ("King of the Albanians").

1939-1943 "King of Italy and Albania, Emperor of Ethiopia". Lat: Rex Albaniae.

Orders: Urdhri i Shqiponjës (Order of the Black Eagle).

        Urdhëri i Besa (Order of Fidelity).

        Urdhëri i Skënderbeut (Order of Skanderbeg).

Note: Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied was styled Mbret

translated as "King" within Albania, but was recognised as "Sovereign Prince"

internationally. Finding the country ungovernorable and the onset of WWI

caused him to leave the country after 7 months, though he continued to claim

to be legal ruler even after Ahmet Zogu deposed him.

People's Socialist Republic of Albania

General Secretary of the Communist Part of Albania

08 Nov 1941 -    Nov 1948 Enver Halil Hoxha ..................... 1908-1985

First Secretaries of the Albanian Party of Labour

   Nov 1948 - 11 Apr 1948 Enver Halil Hoxha ..................... s.

11 Apr      - 13 Apr 1985 Vangjel Çërrava ....................... 1941-

                        - Lenka Çuko ............................ 1938-

                        - Simon Stefani ......................... 1929-2000

13 Apr 1985 - 29 Apr 1991 Ramiz Tafë Alia ....................... 1925-2011

Chairman of the Presidium of the Anti-Fascist Council

27 May 1944 - 11 Jan 1946 Omer Nashani .......................... 1887-1963

                          (in rebellion to 17 Nov 1944)

Presidents of the People's Assembly

11 Jan 1946 - 01 Aug 1953 Omer Nishani .......................... s.a

01 Aug 1953 - 22 Nov 1982 Haxhi Lleshi .......................... 1913-1998

22 Nov 1982 - 03 Apr 1992 Ramiz Tafë Alia ....................... s.a

Chairmen of the Government

22 Oct 1944 - 20 Jul 1954 Enver Halil Hoxha ..................... s.a

                          (Chairman of the Anti-Fascist committee

                           of National Liberation to 17 Nov 1944)

20 Jul 1954 - 28 Jun 1976 Mehmet Ismail Shehu ................... 1913-1981

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

28 Dec 1976 - 18 Dec 1981 Mehmet Ismail Shehu

18 Dec 1981 - 22 Feb 1991 Adil Çarçani .......................... 1922-1997

Republic of Albania

Government: Republic.

Capital: Tiranë.

Language: Albanian, Vlach, Greek, Serbo-Croat.

Religion: Sunni Islam, Albanian Orthodox, Roman Catholic.

National Anthem: "Hymni i Flamurit" ("Hymn to the Flag").

National Emblem: Two headed black Eagel.

National Day: 28th November, Independence Day (1912), from Ottoman Empire.

National Motto: Ti Shqipëri më jep nder, më jep emrin shqipëtar

                (You Albania give me honor, you give me the name Albanian).

EU Accession: No.

Currency: Lek.

Presidents

03 Apr      - 06 Apr 1992 Kastriot Selman Islami ................ 1952-

                          (acting)

06 Apr      - 09 Apr 1992 Pjetër Filip Arbnori .................. 1935-2006

                          (acting)                                   

09 Apr 1992 - 24 Jul 1997 Sali Ram Berisha....................... 1944-

24 Jul 1997 (hours)       Skënder Et'hem Gjinushi ............... 1949-

                          (acting)

24 Jul 1997 - 24 Jul 2002 Rexhep Kemal Mejdani .................. 1944-

24 Jul 2002 - 24 Jul 2007 Alfredo Spiro Moisiu .................. 1929-

24 Jul 2007 - 24 Jul 2012 Bamir Myrteza Topi .................... 1957-

24 Jul 2012 - 24 Jul 2017 Bujar Faik Nishani .................... 1966-2022

24 Jul 2017 - 24 Jul 2022 Ilir Meta ............................. 1969-

24 Jul 2022 -             Bajram Begaj .......................... 1967-

Prime Ministers

22 Feb      - 11 Jun 1991 Fatos Thanas Nano (1st Time) .......... 1952-

11 Jun      - 10 Dec 1991 Ylli Bufi ............................. 1948-

10 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 Vilson Faik Ahmeti .................... 1951-

13 Apr 1992 - 11 Mar 1997 Aleksandër Gabriel Meksi .............. 1939-

11 Mar      - 24 Jul 1997 Bashkim Muhamet Fino .................. 1962-

24 Jul 1997 - 02 Oct 1998 Fatos Thanas Nano (2nd Time)

02 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 Pandeli Sotir Majko ................... 1967-

29 Oct 1999 - 01 Aug 2002 Ilir Rexhep Meta ...................... 1969-

01 Aug 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 Fatos Thanas Nano (3rd Time)

11 Sep 2005 - 15 Sep 2013 Sali Ram Berisha ...................... s.a

15 Sep 2013 -             Edi Kristaq Rama ...................... 1964-

Commander of the Multinational Protection Force (FMP)

16 Apr      - 12 Aug 1997 Luciano Forlani ....................... 1940-    (Italy)

Mirditë

1387 Principality of Dukagjini

1478 Part of the League of Lezhe

1479 Part of the Ottoman Empire

1912 Part of independent Albania

17 Jul 1921 Mirditë Republic proclaimed by Catholic Mirditë clans

09 Aug 1921 Supressed by Albania

01 Nov 1921 Occupied by Yugoslavia

20 Nov 1921 Dissolved by Albania

Princes of Dukagjini

1387 - 1393 Dukagijni, Pal I

1387 - 1393 Dukagijni, Lekë

(co-ruler) 

1393 - 1438 Dukagijni, Tanush

1438 - 1444 Dukagijni, Pal II

President

17 Jul      - 20 Nov 1921 Gjon Markagjoni ....................... 1888-1966

Vlorë (Valona)

1346 - 1417               Principality of Valora

28 Dec 1914 - 03 Sep 1920 Italian occupation of Valora

13 Nov 1918               Austria-Hungary evacuates Albania

02 Aug 1920               Independence of Albania recognised by Italy

Princes

1346 - 1363 Ioannis Komnenos Asenis (Ivan Komen Asen)

1363 - 1368 Alexandros Komnenos Asenis (Alksandur Komen Asen)

1368 - 1396 Komnena Asanina

1372 - 1385 Balsa II Balsic

            (co-ruler)

1396 - 1414 Mrksa Zarkovic

1414 - 1417 Rudjina Balsic

Italian Commissioners

1919 - 1920               Bartolomeo Vincenzi

1920                      Fortunato Castoldi

1920                      Gaetano, conti Manzoni

Commanders of the Italian Forces in Albania (in Valora)

28 Dec 1914 - 20 Nov 1915 Emanuele Mosca

20 Nov 1915 - 08 Mar 1916 Emilio Bertotti

08 Mar      - 17 Jun 1916 Settimio di Tommaso Piacentini (1st Time)

18 Jun      - 11 Dec 1916 Oreste di Giovanni Bandini

11 Dec 1916 - 10 Apr 1919 Giacinto di Luigi Ferrero

10 Apr 1919 - 03 Sep 1920 Settimio di Tommaso Piacentini (2nd Time)

Head of the Secretariat for Civil Affairs

09 Mar 1916 - 1919        Ugo Capialbi

Orthodox Church of Albania

1937      Autocephaly recognised by Constantinople

1967-1990 Religious practice outlawed

Metropolitans of Durrës and Gora

17 May 1899 - 23 Oct 1906 Prokopis

23 Oct 1906 - 28 Feb 1911 Ioannis

01 Mar 1911 - 20 Jan 1925 Iakovos

Metropolitans of Tiranë

04 Dec 1923 - 24 Dec 1924 Theofan

24 Dec 1924 - 18 Feb 1929 Jerotheu

18 Feb 1929 - 27 May 1936 Visarion

Archbishops of Tiranë, Durrës and all Albania

03 Apr 1937 - 25 Dec 1948 Kristofor

25 Aug 1949 - 04 Mar 1966 Paisi ................................. 1882-1966

   Apr 1966 - 22 Nov 1967 Damien ................................ 1893-1973

22 Nov 1967 - 08 Jan 1991 Post abolished

08 Jan 1991 -             Anastas ............................... 1929-

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