Austria-Hungary

02 Feb 1440 Frederick of Austria becomes Holy Roman Emperor

23 Jan 1516 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V becomes king of Aragon and Castille

24 Oct 1526 Austria in personal union with the Kingdom of Bohemia

16 Dec 1526 In personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia

16 Jan 1556 Spanish Habsburgs split from the Austrian branch

01 Nov 1700 Senior branch of the Habsburg dynasty becomes extinct upon

the death of Charles II of Spain

26 Sep 1706 Duchy of Milan (Lombady) under Habsburg rule

07 Mar 1714 Spanish Netherlands ceded to Austria by Treaty of Rastatt

22 Sep 1717 - 04 Sep 1739 Occupation of Serbia

05 Aug 1772 Galicia annexed during the first partitian of Poland

31 Aug 1774 Bukovina ceded to the Habsburg Monarchy

18 Oct 1797 Austrian Netherlands ceded to France

11 Aug 1804 Kaisertum Östrreich (Austrian Empire)

26 Dec 1805 Holy Roman Empire abolished by the Treaty of Pressburg

11 Feb 1806 - 26 Jun 1814 Tirol and Vorarlberg annexed to Kingdom of Bavaria

06 Aug 1806 Holy Roman Empire is abolished

14 Oct 1809 - 14 May 1814 Illyrian provinces ceded to French Empire

20 Jun 1815 - 24 Aug 1866 Austria and Bohemia members of the German Confederation

22 Mar 1848 - 13 Aug 1849 Hungarian independence revolt

13 Aug 1849 Austrian Archduchy and Hungarian Kingdom in personal union

10 Nov 1859 Lombardy ceded to France

22 Oct 1866 Kingdom of Lombardi-Venetia ceded to Italy

21 Dec 1867 Dual monarchy of Österreich-Ungarn (Austria-Hungary)

13 Jul 1878 Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

30 Jan 1889 Death of Crown Prince Rudolf (1858-1889)

10 Sep 1898 Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria (1837-1898) is assassinated

07 Oct 1908 Bosnia annexed from the Ottoman Empire

28 Jun 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914), heir to the throne is assassinated

14 Oct 1918 Imperial manifesto declares that the empire will be re-organised

as a federal state, the Polish areas are to be recognised as

a part of an independent Polish Kingdom

28 Oct 1918 Independence of Bohemia and Moravia (Czechoslovakia)

29 Oct 1918 Independence of the State of Croats, Slovenes and Serbs

31 Oct 1918 Hungary terminates the union with Austria effectively

dissolving the dual Monarchy

31 Oct 1918 Independence of Banat (divided between Yugoslavia and Rumania in 1919)

01 Nov 1918 Galicia and Lodomeria divided between Poland and Ukraine

04 Nov 1918 South Tirol occupied by Italy

11 Nov 1918 Imperial proclomation issued relinquishing the Emperor's

role in government but not an official abdication

15 Nov 1918 Republic of German-Austria declared in the remaining territory

25 Nov 1918 Voivodina united with Serbia

31 Dec 1918 Bukovina incorporated into Rumania

10 Sep 1919 By Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, Austria recognises the

independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland and

Yugoslavia. Bukovina ceded to Rumania, Galicia and Krakow

ceded to Poland, South Tyrol ceded to Italy

23 Oct 1919 Republic of Austria

16 Jul 1920 Treaty comes into force

Habsburg Monarchy

Archdukes of Austria

28 Apr 1521 - 25 Jul 1564 Habsburg, Ferdinand I ....................... 1503-1564

25 Jul 1564 - 12 Oct 1576 Habsburg, Maximilian II ..................... 1527-1576

12 Oct 1576 - 20 Jan 1612 Habsburg, Rudolf V .......................... 1552-1612

20 Jan 1612 - 20 Mar 1619 Habsburg, Matthias (=Matthew) ............... 1557-1619

20 Mar - 09 Oct 1619 Habsburg, Albrecht VII (=Albert VII) ........ 1559-1621

20 Jun 1619 - 15 Feb 1637 Habsburg, Ferdinand III ..................... 1578-1637

15 Feb 1637 - 02 Apr 1657 Habsburg, Ferdinand IV ...................... 1608-1657

02 Apr 1657 - 05 May 1705 Habsburg, Leopold IX ........................ 1640-1705

05 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711 Habsburg, Joseph I .......................... 1678-1711

17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Habsburg, Karl III (=Charles III) ........... 1685-1740

20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Habsburg, Maria Therese ..................... 1717-1780

21 Nov 1740 - 18 Aug 1765 Vaudemonte, Franz I (= Francis I) ........... 1708-1765

(co-ruler with Maria Therese, also Duke of Lorraine)

29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Habsburg, Joseph II ......................... 1741-1790

20 Feb 1790 - 01 Mar 1792 Habsburg, Leopold X ......................... 1747-1792

01 Mar 1792 - 11 Aug 1804 Habsburg, Franz II (=Francis II)............. 1768-1835

Monarchs of Bohemia

24 Oct 1526 - 25 Jul 1564 Habsburg, Ferdinand I

25 Jul 1564 - 12 Oct 1576 Habsburg, Maximilián I ...................... 1527-1576

06 Sep 1575 - 23 May 1611 Habsburg, Rudolf II ......................... 1552-1612

23 May 1611 - 20 Mar 1619 Habsburg, Matyáš II ......................... 1557-1619

06 Jun 1617 - 15 Feb 1637 Habsburg, Ferdinand II ...................... 1578-1637

27 Nov 1627 - 02 Apr 1657 Habsburg, Ferdinand III ..................... 1608-1657

23 Jun 1646 - 09 Feb 1654 Habsburg, Ferdinand IV ...................... 1633-1654

14 Sep 1656 - 05 May 1705 Habsburg, Leopold I ......................... 1640-1705

05 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711 Habsburg, Josef I ........................... 1678-1711

17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Habsburg, Karel II .......................... 1685-1740

20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Habsburg, Marie Terezie ..................... 1717-1780

29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Habsburg, Josef II .......................... 1741-1790

20 Feb 1790 - 01 Mar 1792 Habsburg, Leopold II ........................ 1747-1792

01 Mar 1792 - 11 Aug 1804 Habsburg, František I ....................... 1768-1835

Monarchs of Hungary

16 Dec 1526 - 25 Jul 1564 Habsburg, Ferdinánd I ....................... s.a

08 Sep 1563 - 25 Sep 1572 Habsburg, Miksa II .......................... s.a

25 Sep 1572 - 25 Jun 1608 Habsburg, Reszö ............................. s.a

16 Nov 1608 - 20 Mar 1619 Habsburg, Mátyás II ......................... s.a

18 May 1619 - 15 Feb 1637 Habsburg, Ferdinánd II ...................... s.a

26 Nov 1625 - 02 Apr 1657 Habsburg, Ferdinánd III ..................... s.a

16 Jun 1647 - 09 Jul 1654 Habsburg, Ferdinánd IV Ferenc ............... s.a

27 Jun 1655 - 05 May 1705 Habsburg, Lipót I ........................... s.a

09 Dec 1687 - 17 Apr 1711 Habsburg, Jószef I .......................... s.a

(deposed by the Diet 13 Jun 1707 - 21 Feb 1711)

17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Habsburg, Károly III ........................ s.a

20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Habsburg, Mária Terézia ..................... s.a

29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Habsburg, Jószef II ......................... s.a

20 Feb 1790 - 01 Mar 1792 Habsburg, Lipót II .......................... s.a

01 Mar 1792 - 11 Aug 1804 Habsburg, Ferenc I .......................... s.a

Monarchs of Croatia

16 Dec 1526 - 25 Jul 1564 Habsburg, Ferdinand I ....................... s.a

08 Sep 1563 - 12 Oct 1576 Habsburg, Maksimilijan I .................... s.a

(in opposition to 1564)

25 Sep 1572 - 26 Jun 1608 Habsburg, Rudolf I .......................... s.a

(in opposition to 1576)

26 Jun 1608 - 20 Mar 1619 Habsburg, Matija II ......................... s.a

01 Jul 1618 - 15 Feb 1637 Habsburg, Ferdinand II ...................... s.a

(in opposition to 1619)

08 Dec 1625 - 02 Apr 1657 Habsburg, Ferdinand III ..................... s.a

16 Jul 1647 - 09 Jul 1654 Habsburg, Ferdinand IV ...................... s.a

(co-ruler)

27 Jul 1657 - 05 May 1705 Habsburg, Leopold I ......................... s.a

05 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711 Habsburg, Josip I ........................... s.a

17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Habsburg, Karlo III ......................... s.a

20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Habsburg, Marija Terezija ................... s.a

29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Habsburg, Josip II .......................... s.a

20 Feb 1790 - 01 Mar 1792 Habsburg, Leopold II ........................ s.a

01 Mar 1792 - 11 Aug 1804 Habsburg, Franjo I .......................... s.a

Ministers of State

26 Mar 1720 - 08 Feb 1742 Philip Graf von Sinzendorf .................. 1671-1742

14 Feb 1742 - 13 May 1753 Corfiz Graf von Uhlfeld ..................... 1699-1760

13 Jan 1753 - 08 Feb 1792 Wenzel Anton Graf von Kaunitz-Rittberg ...... 1711-1794

14 Feb 1792 - 13 May 1793 Johann Ludwig Josef Graf von Cobenzl ........ 1741-1810

27 Mar 1793 - 28 Sep 1800 Johann Amadeus Franz Freiherr

von Paul Maria Thugut ...................... 1736-1818

05 Oct 1800 - 30 Nov 1805 Franz Graf von Colloredo-Wallsee ............ 1736-1806

Austria-Hungary

Government: Monarchy.

Capital: Vienna and Budapest (from 1867).

Languages: Nome official in Cisleithenia, Hungarian in Hungary.

Ethnic Groups: German 24%, Hungarian 20%, Czech 13%, Polish 10%, Serbo-Croat 9%

Ukrainian 8%, Romanian 6%, Slovak 4%, Slovene 3%, Italian 3% (1910).

Religion: Roman Catholic, Orthodoxy, Protestant, Judaism, Islam.

National Anthem: "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" (God save Francis the Emperor).

National Day: The Emperor's birthday, 17 August (1887).

National Motto: Indivisibiliter ac Inseparabiliter (Indivisible and Inseparable).

Currency: Austro-Hungarian Krone.

Emperors

11 Aug 1804 - 02 Mar 1835 Habsburg, Franz I ........................... s.a

02 Mar 1835 - 02 Dec 1848 Habsburg, Ferdinand I ....................... 1793-1875

04 Mar 1835 - 04 Apr 1848 Habsburg, Ludwig Erzherzog von Österreich ... 1784-1864

(Regent)

25 Jun - 02 Dec 1848 Habsburg, Johann Erzherzog von Österreich ... 1782-1859

(Regent

02 Dec 1848 - 21 Nov 1916 Habsburg, Franz Joseph I Karl ............... 1830-1916

21 Nov 1916 - 21 Mar 1919 Habsburg, Karl I ............................ 1887-1922

(end of Habsburg dynastic rule 11 Nov 1918)

Prime Ministers

25 Dec 1805 - 08 Oct 1809 Johann Philipp Karl Graf

von Stadion-Warthausen ..................... 1787-1862

08 Oct 1809 - 25 May 1821 Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Fürst

von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ...... 1773-1859

Chancellor

25 May 1821 - 13 Mar 1848 Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Fürst

von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ...... s.a

Prime Ministers

13 Mar - 20 Mar 1848 Alfred Candidus Ferdinand,

Fürst zu Windisch-Gärtz .................... 1787-1862

20 Mar - 19 Apr 1848 Franz Antonin Graf von

Kolovrat-Liebsteinsky ...................... 1778-1861

19 Apr - 19 May 1848 Charles Louis comte de Ficquelmont

et du Saint-Empire ......................... 1777-1857

19 May - 08 Jul 1848 Franz Freiherr von Pillersdorf .............. 1786-1862

08 Jul - 18 Jul 1848 Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier ............ 1800-1872

18 Jul - 21 Nov 1848 Johann Philipp,

Freiherr von Wassenberg-Ampringen .......... 1773-1858

21 Nov 1848 - 05 Apr 1852 Felix Fürst zu Schwarzenberg ................ 1800-1852

11 Apr 1852 - 21 Aug 1859 Karl Ferdinand,

Graf von Buol-Schauenstein ................. 1797-1865

21 Aug 1859 - 04 Feb 1861 Johann Bernhard,

Graf von Rechberg und Rothenlöwe ........... 1806-1899

04 Feb 1861 - 26 Jun 1865 Rainer Ferdinand Maria Johann Evangelist Franz Ignaz,

Erzherzog von Östrreich .................... 1827-1913

04 Feb 1861 - 26 Jun 1865 Anton Ritter von Schmerling ................. 1805-1893

26 Jun - 20 Jul 1865 Alexander Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly ........ 1813-1871

27 Jul 1865 - 07 Feb 1867 Richard Graf von Belcredi ................... 1823-1902

07 Feb - 30 Dec 1867 Friedrich Ferdinand, Freiherr von Beust ..... 1809-1886

Minister-Presidents for Cisleithania

30 Dec 1867 - 24 Sep 1868 Karl Fürst von Auersperg,

Herzog von Gottschee ....................... 1814-1890

24 Sep 1868 - 15 Jan 1870 Eduard Franz Josef Graf von Taaffe,

Viscount Taaffe (1st Time) ................. 1833-1895

15 Jan - 01 Feb 1870 Ignaz Edler Freiherr von Plener ............. 1810-1908

01 Feb - 12 Apr 1870 Leopold Ritter Hasner von Artha ............. 1818-1891

12 Apr 1870 - 06 Feb 1871 Alfred Józef Graf von Potocki-Pilawa ........ 1822-1889

06 Feb - 30 Oct 1871 Karl Sigismund Graf von Hohenwart ........... 1824-1899

30 Oct - 25 Nov 1871 Ludwig Freiherr von Holzegethan ............. 1800-1876

(1st Time)

25 Nov 1871 - 15 Feb 1879 Adolf Wilhelm Daniel, Fürst von Auersperg ... 1821-1885

15 Feb - 12 Aug 1879 Karl Ritter von Stremayr .................... 1832-1904

12 Aug 1879 - 11 Nov 1893 Eduard Franz Josef Graf von Taaffe,

Viscount Taaffe (2nd Time)

11 Nov 1893 - 19 Jun 1895 Alfred III August Karl Maria Wolfgang Erwin,

Fürst zu Windisch-Grätz .................... 1851-1927

19 Jun - 30 Sep 1895 Erich Graf von Kielmansegg .................. 1847-1923

30 Sep 1895 - 30 Nov 1897 Kazimierz Feliks Graf von Badeni ............ 1846-1909

30 Nov 1897 - 05 Mar 1898 Paul, Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn ..... 1851-1918

(1st Time)

05 Mar 1898 - 02 Oct 1899 Prinz Franz von Thun und Hohenstein ......... 1847-1916

02 Oct - 21 Dec 1899 Manfred Graf von Clary und Aldringen ........ 1852-1928

21 Dec 1821 - 18 Jan 1900 Heinrich Ritter von Wittek .................. 1844-1930

19 Jan 1900 - 31 Dec 1904 Ernst von Koerber (1st Time) ................ 1850-1919

01 Jan 1905 - 02 May 1906 Paul, Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn

(2nd Time)

02 May - 02 Jun 1906 Konrad Maria Eusebius, Prinz von Hohenlohe

-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst ................ 1863-1918

02 Jun 1906 - 15 Nov 1908 Max Wladimir Freiherr von Beck .............. 1854-1943

15 Nov 1908 - 28 Jun 1911 Richard Freiherr von Bienerth-Schmerling .... 1863-1918

28 Jun - 03 Nov 1911 Paul, Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn

(3rd Time)

03 Nov 1911 - 21 Oct 1916 Karl Reichsgraf von Stürgkh ................. 1859-1916

21 Oct - 20 Dec 1916 Ernst von Koerber (2nd Time)

20 Dec 1916 - 23 Jul 1917 Heinrich Karl Graf von Clam-Martinic ........ 1863-1932

23 Jul 1917 - 27 Jul 1918 Ernst Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg ........ 1862-1931

27 Jul - 27 Oct 1918 Maximilian Freiherr Hussarek von Heinlein ... 1865-1935

27 Oct - 11 Nov 1918 Heinrich Lammasch ........................... 1853-1920

Imperial Ministers and Ministers for Foreign Affairs

30 Dec 1867 - 08 Nov 1871 Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust .......... s.a (Austria)

08 Nov 1871 - 02 Oct 1879 Gyula Graf Andrássy von Csík

Szent Király und Krazna-Horka .............. 1823-1890 (Hungary)

08 Oct 1879 - 10 Oct 1881 Heinrich Karl Freiherr von Haymerle ......... 1828-1881 (Austria)

20 Nov 1881 - 02 May 1895 Gustav Zsigismond Graf Kálnoky von Kröspatak 1823-1898 (Hungary)

16 May 1895 - 24 Oct 1906 Agenor Graf Goluchowski von Goluchowo ....... 1859-1921 (Galicia)

24 Oct 1906 - 17 Feb 1912 Alois Freiherr Graf Lexa von Aehrenthal ..... 1854-1912 (Bohemia)

17 Feb 1912 - 13 Jan 1915 Leopold Graf Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz,

Fratting und Pullitz ....................... 1863-1942 (Austria)

13 Jan 1915 - 22 Dec 1916 István Freiherr Burián von Rajecz ........... 1851-1922 (Hungary)

22 Dec 1916 - 24 Oct 1918 Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz ... 1872-1932 (Bohemia)

24 Oct - 02 Nov 1918 Gyula Graf Andrássy von Csík

Szent Király und Krazna-Horka .............. 1860-1929 (Hungary)

02 Nov - 11 Nov 1918 Ludwig Freiherr von Flotow .................. 1867-1948 (Austria)

Titles used before 1804: King of Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia and Slavonia, King of Galicia,

King of Serbia, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia,

Duke of Silesia

Style of the Emperor 1867-1918:

("By the grace of God, Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia,

Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, and Galitzia, Lodomeria and Illyria, King of Jerusalem,

etc.; Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine and of

Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, Carniola and the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania;

Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla,

of Auschwitz and Zator, of Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa and Zara; Princely Count of Habsburg and

Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and

Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.;

Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro, and in the Wendish Mark; Grand Voivode of the Voivodina of Serbia,

etc.; Imperial and Apostolic Majesty"). Lat: Imperator Austriae, Rex Hungariae.

Orders: Orden vom Goldenen Vlies (Order of the Golden Fleece).

Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden (Military Order of Mary-Theresa)

Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden (Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold)

Kaiserlicher Orden der Eisernen Krone (Imperial Order of the Iron Crown)

Kaiserlich-Österreichischer Franz-Joseph-Orden

(Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Josef).

Sternkreuz-Orden (Order of the Stary Cross).

Crownlands