Major Former States of Italy
Corsica
259 - 456 AD Part of Roman Empire, province of Corsica-Sardinia
Ostrogoth rule
534 - 713 Byzantine rule
713 - 774 Saracen occupation
774 - 972 Part of the Frankish empire
972 Part of Holy Roman Empire
1002 Republic of Corsica
1050-1077 Under the Republic of Genoa
1077-1098 Papal rule
1098-1288 Rule by the Republic of Pisa
1288 Under the Republic of Genoa
1297 Part of the Kingdom of Corsica-Sardinia
1401 - 1409 French occupation
1464 - 1479 Under suzerainty of the Duchy of Milan
23 Aug 1553 - 03 Apr 1559 French occupation
03 Apr 1559 Ruled by Genoese Bank Uffizio di San Giorgio
1637 Styled Kingdom of Corsica
30 Jan 1735 Independence, Kingdom of Corsica
07 Jun 1746 Independence proclaimed (not recognised by Genoa)
30 Jan 1753 Independence proclaimed
17 May 1755 de facto independence, Republic of Corsica
15 May 1768 Occupied by France
09 May 1769 Authority ceded to France by Genoa
13 Jun 1769 Corsican Nation extiguished
30 Nov 1789 Fully incorporation into France
17 Jun 1794 - 19 Oct 1796 Kingdom of Corsica re-established under Great Britian
19 Oct 1796 Re-conqured by France
12 Apr 1814 Provisional government (Kingdom of Corsica)
27 Apr - 18 Jun 1814 British occupation
12 Nov 1942 - 09 Sep 1943 Italian occupation
Capital: Ajaccio
Language: Corsican, Italian.
Rulers
7.. - 807 ....
807 - 8.. Hugo Colonna
828 - 838 Bonifacio II
838 - 844 Luigi di Italia
1392 - 1396 Arrigo Della Rocca, Condi di Corsica
Kings
1637 - 15 Mar 1736 The Heads of State of Genoa
15 Mar 1736 - 10 Jul 1739 Teodoro I Antonio Stefano (1st Time) ..... 1694-1756
(Theodor Anton Stephan, Freiherr von Neuhoff)
10 Jul 1739 - 07 Jun 1746 The Heads of State of Genoa
01 Feb - 16 Mar 1743 Teodoro I Antonio Stefano (2nd Time)
Chairman of the Protectors
07 Jun 1746 - 01 Aug 1751 Ignazio Venturini ........................ 1700-1760
Governors
1560 - 1561 Gasparo Dell'Oliva
1561 - 1562 Nicolo Ceba
1562 - 1565 Commissioners
- Gasparo Dell'Oliva
- Cristofaro de Fornari
- Francesco Lomellini
- Giuliano Saoli
- Giorgio Doria
1565 - 1566 Stefano Doria
1566 - 1567 Giovanni Pietro Vivaldi
1567 - 1569 Francesco de Fornari
1569 - 1570 Giorgio Doria
1570 - 1571 Giovanni Antonio Basadone
1571 - 1574 Meliaducce Uso di Mare
1572 Benedetto Carnevaro Fieschi
1573 - 1574 Giovanni Antonio Pallavicini
1575 - 1576 Agostino Doria
1576 - 1577 Andrea Centurione
1577 - 1579 Tommaso Carbone
1579 - 1580 Giovanni Maruffo
1580 - 1582 Pier Battista Cattaneo (1st Time)
1582 - 1584 Stefano da Passano
1584 - 1585 Cattaneo de Marini
1585 - 1586 Pier Battista Cattaneo (2nd Time)
1586 - 1588 Francesco Montebruno
1588 - 1589 Lorenzo de Negroni
1589 - 1591 Filippo de Passano
1591 - 1592 Agostino Doria
1592 - 1593 Stafano Spinola
1593 - 1595 Nicolo Fieschi (1st Time)
1595 - 1597 Geronimo Assereto
1597 - 1599 Carlo Pallavicini
1599 - 1601 Marco Antonio Giustiniani (1st Time)
1601 - 1602 Nicolo Fieschi (2nd Time)
1602 - 1603 Marco Antonio Giustiniani (2nd Time)
1603 - 1604 Avelino Lercaro
1604 - 1606 Domenico Della Torre
1606 - 1608 Agostino Pallavicini
1608 - 1609 Raffaello Giustiniani
1609 - 1611 Giovanni Pietro Serra
1611 - 1613 Giovanni Battista Durazzo
1613 - 1615 Giorgio Centurione
1615 - 1616 Stefano Rivarolla
1616 - 1617 Francesco de Marini
1617 - 1619 Francesco Spinola
1619 - 1621 Camilio Moneglia
1621 - 1622 Mario Spinola
1622 Francesco Calvo
1623 - 1625 Marco Aurelio Oderigo
1625 - 1627 Geronimo Lercaro
1627 - 1629 Giulio Saoli
1629 - 1631 Domenico Centurione
+ Giovanni Andrea Gentile
1631 - 1633 Giovanni Michele Zoaglia
1633 - 1635 Baldassare Giustiniani
1635 - 1637 Constantiono Doria
1637 - 1639 Giovanni Battista Lasagna
1639 - 1641 Agostino Centurione
1641 - 1643 Benedetto Viale
1643 - 1645 Francesco Imperiale
1645 - 1647 Cesare Durazzo
1647 - 1649 Francesco Maria Lomellini (1st Time)
1649 - 1651 Giovanni Bernardo Veneroso
1651 - 1653 Giovanni Battista Cicala
1653 - 1654 Domenico de Franchi
1654 - 1658 Matteo Durazzo
1658 - 1662 Francesco Maria Lomellini (2nd Time)
1662 - 1664 Giovanni Francesco Saoli
1664 - 1666 Cristoforo Spinola
1666 - 1669 Giorgio Zoaglia
1669 - 1671 Federico Imperiale
1671 - 1672 Carlo Emanuele Durazzo ................... 1622-1674
1672 - 1674 Giovanni Andrea Spinola
1674 - 1676 Geronimo Carmagnola
1676 - 1678 Visconte Cicala
1678 - 1680 Bernardo Ballano
1680 - 1682 Giovanni Battista Della Rovere
1682 - 1685 Giovanni Giacomo Monza
1685 - 1687 Agostino de Franchi
1687 - 1689 Francesco Maria Doria
1689 - 1691 Giovanni Prato
1691 - 1696 Gherardo Spinola
1696 - 1700 Raffaello de Passano
1700 - 1702 de Fornari
1702 - 1704 Ettore de Fieschi
1704 - 1706 Filippo Doria
1706 - 1708 Filippo Adorno
1708 - 1710 Geronimo Venoroso ........................ 1660-1739
1710 - 1711 Cattaneo de Marini
1711 - 1714 Nigrone Rivarola
1714 - 1716 Paolo Francesco Spinola
1716 - 1717 Marco Aurelio Rebuffo
1717 - 1719 Giovanni Stefano Spinola
1719 - 1721 Bartolomeo Passano
1721 - 1722 Agostino Spinola
1722 - 1724 Antonio de Negroni (1st time)
1724 - 1726 Nicolo Durazzo
1726 - 1728 Antonio de Negroni (2nd time)
1728 - 1729 Alessandro Saluzzo
1729 - 10 Jun 1730 Felice Pinelli (1st time)
11 Jun 1730 - 26 Jan 1731 Giovanni Francesco Gropallo
26 Jan 1731 - 1731 Carlo de Fornari
10 Aug 1731 - 1732 Camilio Doria
Heads of State
Jan - 02 Oct 1753 Conte Giovanni Pietro Gaffori ............ 1710-1753
22 Oct 1753 - 15 Jul 1755 Supreme Council
Commissioners-general
Jul 1733 - Aug 1734 Paolo Gironimo Pallavicini
Aug 1734 - Jun 1735 Pier Maria Giustiniani (1st Time) ........ 1693-1765
+ Ugo Fieschi
Jun 1735 - 20 Jan 1736 Felice Pinelli (2nd Time)
20 Jan 1736 - Jan 1738 Paolo Battista Rivarola
Jan 1738 - 01 Jul 1740 Giovanni Battista de Mari
01 Jul 1740 - 21 Feb 1743 Domenico Maria Spinola ................... 1666-1743
21 Feb - Jun 1743 Gian Benedetto Sperone
(acting)
Jun 1743 - 25 Oct 1745 Pier Maria Giustiniani (2nd Time)
25 Oct 1745 - 03 Jul 1751 Stefano de Mari
03 Jul 1751 - Aug 1755 Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi ................ 1705-1777
Aug 1755 - Jan 1759 Giuseppe Maria Doria
Jan 1759 - 16 Jul 1760 Gian Battista de Sopranis
16 Jul 1760 - 29 Jul 1761 Domenico Invrea
29 Jul 1761 - 14 Sep 1764 Giovanni Battista Sauli
14 Sep 1764 - 1768 Agostino Sperone
Leader
15 Jul 1755 - 13 Jun 1769 Filippo Antonio Pasquale Paoli ........... 1725-1807
(1st Time)
15 Jun - 19 Jun 1794 Filippo Antonio Pasquale Paoli (2nd Time)
King
19 Jun 1794 - 15 Oct 1796 Welf, Giorgio I .......................... 1738-1820
(George III of Great Britian and Hannover)
Italian Military Governors
12 Nov 1942 - Feb 1943 Giacomo Carboni .......................... 1889-1973 Mil
Feb - 09 Sep 1943 Giovanni Magli ........................... 1884-1969 Mil
Prime Minister
19 Jun 1794 - 15 Oct 1796 Carlo Andrea, condi Pozzo di Borgo ....... 1764-1842
Genova (Genoa)
c. 780 County of Genoa
1284 - 1768 Genoa annexed Corsica
27 Jul 1318 - 03 Dec 1334 Genoa a condominium of the Papal States and Naples
23 Sep 1339 Serenissima Repubblica di Genova (Most Serene Republic of Genoa)
09 Oct 1353 - 14 Mpv 1356 Occupied by the Duchy of Milan
04 Nov 1396 - 03 Sep 1409 French occupation
06 Sep 1409 - 22 Mar 1413 Occupied by the Duchy of Montfferato
03 Jul 1415 Republic of Genoa (restored)
02 Mov 1421 - 27 Dec 1435 Occupied by the Duchy of Milan
11 May 1458 - 12 Mar 1461 French occupation
19 Apr 1464 - 08 Aug 1478 Occupied by the Duchy of Milan
23 Aug 1487 - 26 Oct 1499 Occupied by the Duchy of Milan
26 Oct 1499 - 29 Apr 1512 French occupation
07 Sep 1512 - 02 Jun 1522 French occupation
Aug 1527 - 12 Sep 1528 French occupation
1580 Serenissima Repubblica di Genova (Republic of Genoa)
06 Sep - 07 Dec 1746 Austrian occupation
15 May 1768 Corsica sold to France
14 Jun 1797 - 06 Jun 1800 French occupation
01 Jan 1798 Ligurian Republic
06 Aug 1800 Austrian and British occupation
06 Jun 1800 Republic of Genoa (restored)
24 Jun 1800 French occupation
08 Oct 1805 Annexed by France
26 Apr 1814 Republic of Genoa (re-restored)
26 Dec 1814 British occupation
03 Jan 1815 Annexed by Piedmonte-Sardinia
02 Apr - 11 Apr 1849 Genoa proclaimes a provinsional government,
Sardinian authorities expelled
Dogi
23 Sep 1339 - 23 Dec 1344 Simone Boccanegra (1st Time)
25 Dec 1344 - 06 Jan 1350 Giovanni da Murta
09 Jan 1350 - 08 Oct 1353 Giovanni da Valente
09 Oct 1353 - 1355 Guglielmo Pallavicino
1355 - 14 Nov 1356 Gaspare Visconti
15 Nov 1356 - 02 Mar 1363 Simone Boccanegra (2nd Time)
14 Mar 1363 - 13 Aug 1370 Gabriele Adorno
13 Aug 1370 - 17 Jun 1378 Domenico Fregoso
17 Jun 1378 Antoniotto Adorno (1st Time)
17 Jun 1378 - 07 Apr 1383 Nicolo Guarco
07 Apr 1383 Federico da Pagana
07 Apr 1383 - 14 Jun 1384 Leonardo Montaldo
15 Jun 1384 - 03 Aug 1390 Antoniotto Adorno (2nd Time)
03 Aug 1390 - 06 Apr 1391 Giacomo Fregoso
06 Apr 1391 - 16 Jun 1392 Antoniotto Adorno (3rd Time)
16 Jun 1392 - 15 Jul 1393 Antonio Montaldo (1st Time)
15 Jul 1393 Pietro Fregoso
15 Jul - 16 Jul 1393 Clemente Prommontorio
16 Jul - 30 Aug 1393 Francesco Giustiniani Garibaldo
30 Aug 1393 - 24 May 1394 Antonio Montaldo (2nd Time)
24 May - 17 Aug 1394 Nicolò Zoagli
17 Aug - 03 Sep 1394 Antonio Guarco
03 Sep 1394 - 18 Mar 1397 Antoniotto Adorno (4th Time)
18 Mar - Aug 1397 Vallerano de Luxembourg
(French Governor)
Aug - 21 Sep 1397 Borleo de Luxembourg
(French governor)
21 Sep 1397 - 18 Jul 1398 Pierre Fresnel
(French governor)
18 Jul 1398 - 16 Jan 1400 Collart de Colleville
(French governor)
12 Oct 1528 - 04 Jan 1530 Oberto Gattaneo Lazzari
04 Jan 1531 - 04 Jan 1533 Battista Spinola
04 Jan 1533 - 04 Jan 1535 Battista Lomellini
04 Jan 1535 - 04 Jan 1537 Cristoforo Rosso Grimaldi
04 Jan 1537 - 04 Jan 1539 Giovanni Battista Doria
04 Jan 1539 - 04 Jan 1541 Giannandrea Lungo Giustiniani
04 Jan 1541 - 04 Jan 1543 Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta
04 Jan 1543 - 04 Jan 1545 Andrea Centuriona Pietrasanta
04 Jan 1545 - 04 Jan 1547 Giovanni Battista De Fornari
04 Jan 1547 - 04 Jan 1549 Benedetto Gentile Pevere
04 Jan 1549 - 04 Jan 1551 Gaspere Grimaldi Bracelli
04 Jan 1551 - 04 Jan 1553 Luca Spinola
04 Jan 1553 - 04 Jan 1555 Giacomo Promontario
04 Jan 1555 - 04 Jan 1557 Agostino Pinello Ardimenti
04 Jan 1557 - 03 Dec 1558 Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo
04 Jan 1559 - 04 Jan 1561 Girolamo Vivaldi
04 Jan - 27 Sep 1561 Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi
04 Oct 1561 - 04 Oct 1563 Battista Cicala Zoaglio
07 Oct 1563 - 07 Oct 1565 Giovanni Battista Lercari
11 Oct 1565 - 11 Oct 1567 Odorico Ottavio Gentile
15 Oct 1567 - 03 Oct 1569 Simone Spinola
06 Oct 1569 - 06 Oct 1571 Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia
10 Oct 1571 - 10 Oct 1573 Gianotto Lomellini
16 Oct 1573 - 17 Oct 1575 Giacomo Durazzo Grimaldi
17 Oct 1575 - 17 Oct 1577 Prospero Centurione Fattinanti
19 Oct 1577 - 19 Oct 1579 Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo
20 Oct 1579 - 20 Oct 1581 Niccolò Doria
21 Oct 1581 - 21 Oct 1583 Gerolamo De Franchi Toso
04 Nov 1583 - 04 Nov 1585 Gerolamo Chiavari
08 Nov 1585 - 13 Nov 1587 Ambrogio Di Negro
14 Nov 1587 - 14 Nov 1589 Davide Vacca
20 Nov 1589 - 15 Nov 1591 Battista Negrone
27 Nov 1591 - 26 Nov 1593 Agostino Campi Giustiniani
27 Nov 1593 - 26 Nov 1595 Antonio Cebà Grimaldi
05 Dec 1595 - 04 Dec 1597 Matteo Senarega
07 Dec 1597 - 15 Feb 1599 Lazzaro Cebà grimaldi
22 Feb 1599 - 21 Feb 1601 Lorenzo Sauli
24 Feb 1601 - 25 Feb 1603 Agostino Doria
26 Feb 1603 - 27 Feb 1605 Pietro Sacco De Franchi
01 Mar 1605 - 02 Mar 1607 Luca De Castro Grimaldi
03 Mar - 17 Mar 1607 Solvestro Invrea
22 Mar 1607 - 23 Mar 1609 Gerolamo Assereto
01 Apr 1609 - 02 Apr 1611 Agostino Luciani Pinello
06 Apr 1611 - 06 Apr 1613 Alessandro Longo Giustiniani
21 Apr 1613 - 21 Apr 1615 Tomaso Spinola
25 Apr 1615 - 25 Apr 1617 Bernardo Clavarezza
25 Apr 1617 - 29 Apr 1619 Giovanni Giacomo Imperiale
02 May 1619 - 02 May 1621 Pietro Durazzo
04 May - 12 Jun 1621 Ambrogio Doria
22 Jun 1621 - 22 Jun 1623 Giorio Centurione
25 Jun 1623 - 16 Jun 1625 Federico De Franchi
16 Jun 1625 - 25 Jun 1627 Giacomo Lomellini
28 Jun 1627 - 28 Jun 1629 Giovanni Luca Chiavari
26 Jun 1629 - 26 Jun 1631 Andrea Spinola
30 Jun 1631 - 30 Jun 1633 Leonardo Della Torre
05 Jul 1633 - 05 Jul 1635 Giovanni Stefano Doria
11 Jul 1635 - 11 Jul 1637 Francesco Brignole Sale
13 Jul 1637 - 13 Jul 1639 Agostino Pallavicini
28 Jul 1639 - 28 Jul 1641 Giovanni Battista Durazzo
14 Aug 1641 - 19 Jun 1642 Giovanni Agostino De Marini
04 Jul 1642 - 04 Jul 1644 Giovanni Battista Lercari
21 Jul 1644 - 21 Jul 1646 Luca Giustiniani
24 Jul 1646 - 24 Jul 1648 Giovanni Battista Lomellini
01 Aug 1648 - 01 Aug 1650 Giacomo Toso De Franchi
22 Aug 1650 - 22 Aug 1652 Agostino Centurione
08 Sep 1652 - 08 Sep 1654 Gerolamo De Franchi
09 Oct 1654 - 09 Oct 1656 Alessandro Spinola
12 Oct 1656 - 12 Oct 1658 Giulio Sauli
15 Oct 1658 - 15 Oct 1660 Giovanni Battista Centurione
28 Oct 1660 - 22 Mar 1661 Gian Bernrado Frugoni
28 Mar 1661 - 28 Mar 1663 Antoniotto Inrea
13 Apr 1663 - 12 Apr 1665 Stefano De Mari
18 Apr 1665 - 18 Apr 1667 Cesare Durazzo
10 May 1667 - 10 May 1669 Cesare Gentile
18 Jun 1669 - 18 Jun 1671 Francesco Garbarino
27 Jun 1671 - 27 Jun 1673 Alessandro Grimaldi
05 Jul 1673 - 04 Jul 1675 Agostino Saluzzo
11 Jul 1675 - 11 Jul 1677 Antonio Da Passano
16 Jul 1677 - 16 Jul 1679 Giannettino Odone
29 Jul 1679 - 29 Jul 1681 Agostino Spinola
13 Aug 1681 - 13 Aug 1683 Luca Maria Invrea
18 Aug 1683 - 18 Aug 1685 Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale
23 Aug 1685 - 23 Aug 1687 Pietro Durazzo
27 Aug 1687 - 27 Aug 1689 Luca Spinola
31 Aug 1689 - 01 Sep 1691 Oberto Dello Torre
04 Sep 1691 - 05 Sep 1693 Giovanni Battista Cattaneo
09 Sep 1693 - 09 Sep 1695 Francesco Invrea
16 Sep 1695 - 16 Sep 1697 Bendinelli Negrone
19 Sep 1697 - 26 May 1699 Francesco Maria Sauli
03 Jun 1699 - 03 Jun 1701 Gerolamo De Mari ......................... 1644-1702
07 Jun 1701 - 07 Jun 1703 Federico De Franchi Toso ................. 1640-1737
01 Aug 1703 - 01 Aug 1705 Antonio Grimaldi Cebà .................... 1640-1717
22 Aug 1705 - 13 Aug 1707 Stefano Omorato Ferretti ................. 1641-1720
09 Sep 1707 - 09 Sep 1709 Domenico Maria de Mari ................... 1653-1725
14 Sep 1709 - 14 Sep 1711 Vincenzo Durazzo ......................... 1635-1712
22 Sep 1711 - 22 Sep 1713 Francesco Maria Imperiale ................ 1654-1737
22 Sep 1713 - 22 Sep 1715 Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani Campi ....... 1660-1735
26 Sep 1715 - 26 Sep 1717 Lorenzo Centurione Becchignoni ........... 1645-1735
30 Sep 1717 - 30 Sep 1719 Benedetto Viale .......................... 1660-1749
04 Oct 1719 - 04 Oct 1721 Ambrogio Imperiale Lomellini ............. 1649-1729
08 Oct 1721 - 08 Oct 1723 Cesare De Franchi Toso ................... 1666-1739
13 Oct 1723 - 13 Oct 1725 Domenico Negrone ......................... 1672-1736
18 Jan 1726 - 18 Jan 1728 Gerolamo Venersoso ....................... 1660-1749
22 Jan 1728 - 22 Jan 1730 Luca Grimaldi ............................ 1675-1750
26 Jan 1730 - 26 Jan 1732 Francesco Maria Balbi .................... 1671-1747
26 Jan 1732 - 29 Jan 1734 Domenico Maria Spinola ................... 1666-1743
03 Feb 1734 - 03 Feb 1736 Giovanni Stefano Durazzo ................. 1668-1744
07 Feb 1736 - 07 Feb 1738 Niccolò Cattaneo Della Volta ............. 1679-1751
11 Feb 1738 - 11 Feb 1740 Constantino Balbi ........................ 1676-1741
16 Feb 1740 - 16 Feb 1742 Niccolò Spinola .......................... 1678-1643
20 Feb 1742 - 20 Feb 1744 Domenico Maria Canevaro .................. 1683-1745
01 Mar 1744 - 01 Mar 1746 Lorenzo De Mari .......................... 1685-1772
03 Mar 1746 - 04 Mar 1748 Giovanni Francesco Saverio Brignole Sole . 1695-1760
06 Mar 1748 - 06 Mar 1750 Cesare Catteneo Della Volta .............. 1680-1756
10 Mar 1750 - 10 Mar 1752 Agostino Viale ........................... 1692-1777
28 Mar - 03 Jun 1752 Stefano Lomellini ........................ 1683-1753
07 Jun 1752 - 07 Jun 1754 Giovanni Battista Grimaldi ............... 1658-1737
23 Jun 1754 - 16 May 1756 Giovanni Giacomo Stefano Veneroso ........ 1701-1758
22 Jun 1756 - 22 Jun 1758 Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi ................ 1705-1777
22 Aug 1758 - 22 Aug 1760 Giovanni Matteo Francesco Maria Franzoni . 1680-1767
10 Sep 1760 - 10 Sep 1762 Agostino Lomellini ....................... 1709-1791
25 Nov 1762 - 25 Nov 1764 Rodolfo Emilio Maria Brignole Sale ....... 1708-1774
29 Jan 1765 - 29 Jan 1767 Francesco Maria Gaetano Dello Rovere ..... 1695-1768
03 Feb 1767 - 03 Feb 1769 Marcello Giuseppe Durazzo ................ 1710-1791
16 Feb 1769 - 26 Jan 1771 Giovanni Battista Negrone ................ 1695-1768
26 Jan 1771 - 23 Dec 1772 Giovanni Battista Cambiaso ............... 1711-1772
09 Jan - 19 Jan 1773 Ferdinando Spinola ....................... 1694-1778
26 Jan 1773 - 26 Jan 1775 Alessandro Piero Francesco Grimaldi ...... 1715-1791
31 Jan 1775 - 31 Jan 1777 Fabrizio Giustiniani Banca ............... 1713-1778
04 Feb 1777 - 04 Feb 1779 Giuseppe Lomellini ....................... 1723-1803
04 Mar 1779 - 04 Mar 1781 Giacomo Maria Brignole (1st Time) ........ 1724-1801
08 Mar 1781 - 08 Mar 1783 Marco Antonio Gentile .................... 1723-1798
06 May 1783 - 06 May 1785 Giovanni Battista Airoli ................. 1731-1808
06 Jun 1785 - 06 Jun 1787 Giovanni Carlo Pallavicini ............... 1722-1794
04 Jul 1787 - 04 Jul 1789 Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino ............... 1732-1801
30 Jul 1789 - 30 Jul 1791 Alerame Maria Pallavicini ................ 1730-1805
03 Sep 1791 - 03 Sep 1793 Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso ........... 1738-1813
30 Sep 1793 - 30 Sep 1795 Giuseppe Maria Doria,
duca di Massanova ....................... 1730-1816
17 Nov 1795 - 26 Jun 1797 Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd Time)
President of the Provincial Government
26 Jun 1797 - 17 Jan 1798 Giacomo Maria Brignole ................... s.a
Dogi
03 Jul 1802 - 04 Jun 1805 Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo ......... 1739-1809
Presidents of the Provincial Government
26 Apr 1814 - 07 Jan 1815 Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra ......... 1761-1837
02 Apr - 11 Apr 1849 Giuseppe Avezzana ........................ 1797-1839
(in rebellion)
Lombardia (Milan)
.svg%5B1%5D.png?etag=W%2F%2214215-577f9a8e%22&sourceContentType=image%2Fpng&ignoreAspectRatio&resize=114%2B138)
568-814 Kingdom of Lombardia
814 County of Milan
980-1145 Duchy of Milan
1176-1439 Independent commune
1287-1796 Lordship and Duchy of Milan
1535-1556 Imperial rule
1556-1700 Spanish Habsburg rule
1700-1796 Austrian Habsburg rule
1796-1797 Lombard Republic
1797-1799 Part of the Cispadane Republic (see Italy)
1799-1800 Duchy of Milan restored
1800-1802 Cisalpine Republic restored (see Italy)
1802-1805 Part of Italian Republic
1805-1814 Part of the Kingdom of Italy
08 Nov 1813 Part of Austrian Empire
07 Apr 1815 Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under Austria
22 Mar 1848 Lombardy revolution
08 Jun 1848 Administrated by Sardinia
06 Aug 1848 Returned to Austria
03 Jun 1859 French-Sardinian invasion
11 Nov 1859 Lombardy ceded to Sardinia by Treaty of Zürich
30 Nov 1859 Lombardy annexed by Sardinia
Kings
568 - 814 The Kings of Lombardy (Medieval Kingdom of Italy)
Captains
1240 - 1247 Pagano della Torre
1247 - 11 Nov 1259 Martino della Torre
01 Jan 1253 - 1256 Manfredo Lancia, marchese d'Incisa
(Lord of Milan)
11 Nov 1259 - 11 Nov 1264 Oberto Pelavicino
18 Dec 1293 - 24 Sep 1295 Filippo della Torre
(Lord of Milan)
24 Sep 1295 - 20 Jan 1277 Napoleone della Torre
21 Jan 1277 - 06 Aug 1278 Oddone Visconti,
arcivescovo di Milano (1st Time)
06 Aug 1277 - 27 Dec 1282 Guglielmo VII di Monferrato
27 Dec 1282 - 08 Aug 1295 Oddone Visconti,
arcivescovo di Milano (2nd Time)
08 Aug 1295 - 13 Jun 1302 Matteo I Visconti (1st Time)
Dec 1307 - 13 Jul 1311 Guido della Torre
13 Jul 1311 - Apr 1317 Matteo I Visconti (2nd Time)
Lords of Milan
Apr 1317 - 27 Jun 1322 Visconti, Matteo I
27 Jun 1322 – 20 Jul 1327 Visconti, Galeazzo I
15 Jan 1329 – 16 Aug 1339 Visconti, Azzone I
16 Aug 1339 – 24 Jan 1349 Visconti, Lucchino I
Apr 1349 – 05 Oct 1354 Visconti, Giovanni I
05 Oct 1354 – 06 May 1385 Visconti, Bernabo
05 Oct 1354 – 26 Sep 1355 Visconti, Matteo II
05 Oct 1354 – 04 Aug 1378 Visconti. Galeazzo II
04 Aug 1378 – 01 May 1385 Visconti, Gian Galeazzo I
Dukes of Milan
01 May 1395 - 03 Sep 1402 Visconti, Gian Galeazzo I
03 Sep 1402 - 16 May 1412 Visconti, Gian Maria
16 May 1412 - 13 Aug 1447 Visconti, Filippo I Maria,
Conti di Pavia (co-ruler)
16 May - 12 Jun 1412 Giancarlo Gianpiccinio
25 Mar 1450 - 08 Mar 1466 Sforza, Francesco I
20 Mar 1466 - 26 Dec 1476 Sforza, Galeazzo III Maria
26 Dec 1476 - 22 Oct 1494 Sforza, Gain Galeazzo II
22 Oct 1494 – 02 Sep 1499 Sforza, Ludovico Maria
(1st Time)
06 Sep 1499 – 06 Feb 1500 Valois, Louis XII of France (1st Time)
06 Feb - 14 Apr 1500 Sforza, Ludovico Maria
(2nd Time)
06 Feb - 09 Apr 1500 Ascanio Cardinal Sfoza
(acting)
14 Apr 1500 – 16 Jun 1512 Valois, Louis XII of France (2nd Time)
16 Jun 1512 - 08 Oct 1515 Sforza, Massimiliano I
19 Nov 1521 - 03 Oct 1524 Sforza, Francesco II
(1st Time)
19 Nov 1521 – 04 Apr 1522 Girolamo Morone
(acting)
26 Feb 1525 - 31 Oct 1535 Sforza, Francesco II
(2nd Time)
01 Nov 1535 - 01 Nov 1700 The Monarchs of Spain
01 Nov 1700 - 09 May 1796 The Monarchs of Austria
29 Apr 1799 - 29 Apr 1800 The Monarch of Austria
Kings of Lombardy
07 Apr 1815 – 02 Mar 1835 Habsburg, Francesco I
02 Mar 1835 – 02 Dec 1848 Habsburg, Ferrantino I
02 Dec 1848 – 30 Nov 1859 Habsburg, Francesco Giuseppe I
Governors
979 - 16 Jan 1045 The Archbishops of Milan
Nov 1535 - 07 Sep 1536 Antonio de Leyva,
príncipe de Áscoli
10 Sep 1536 - 28 Jan 1538 Marino cardenal Caracciolo
01 Feb 1538 - 31 Mar 1546 Alonso de Ávalos,
marqués del Vasto
19 Jun 1546 - 14 Apr 1554 Ferrante I Gonzaga,
príncipe de Molfetta
14 Apr 1554 - 1555 Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel,
duque de Alba de Tormes
08 Dec 1555 - 1557 Cardinale Cristoforo Madruzzo,
principe-Vescovo di Trento
Aug 1557 - Apr 1558 Giovanni de Figueroa,
castellano di Milano
24 Apr 1558 - 10 Dec 1559 Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba,
duque de Sessa (1st Time)
10 Dec 1559 - 20 Sep 1561 Francesco Fernando d'Avalos,
marchese di Pescara
20 Sep 1561 - 18 Jan 1564 Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba,
duque de Sessa (2nd Time)
20 Jan 1564 - 21 Aug 1571 Gabriel de la Cueva y Girón,
duca di Albuquerque
21 Aug - 08 Sep 1571 Alonso Pimentel
(interim)
08 Sep - Dec 1571 Alvaro de Sande, marqués de Piovera
08 Dec 1571 - 1573 Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga
1573 - 20 Apr 1580 Antonio de Guzmán y Zuñigay Sotomayor
marchese di Ayamonte
10 Jul 1580 - 1581 Sancho de Guevara y Padilla,
castellano di Milano
27 Mar - 1581 Alfonso Perez de Guzman
15 Oct 1581 - 08 May 1592 Carlos de Aragón y Tagliavia,
duque de Terranova
10 May 1592 - 19 Apr 1600 Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar,
duque de Frías (1st Time)
20 Apr 1600 - 22 Jul 1610 Pedro Enríquez de Acevedo,
conde de Fuentes
02 Oct 1610 - 04 May 1612 Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar,
duque de Frías (2nd Time)
04 May 1612 - Sep 1615 Juan de Mendoza y Velasco,
marchese di la Hinojosa
26 Sep 1615 - 15 Feb 1618 Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Colonna,
duque de Fernandina
13 Feb 1618 - 28 Mar 1626 Gomez IV Suarez de Figueroa y Córdoba,
duque de Feria (1st Time)
31 Mar 1626 - 12 Oct 1627 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,
príncipe de Maratra (1st Time)
14 Oct 1627 - Mar 1628 Fernando Afan de Ribera,
duque d'Alcalà
17 Mar 1628 - 14 Jul 1629 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,
príncipe de Maratra (2nd Time)
16 Jul 1629 - 20 Sep 1630 Ambrogio Spinola Doria,
marchese di los Balbases
25 Sep 1630 - 16 Apr 1631 Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides,
marqués de Santa Cruz
18 Apr 1631 - 18 Apr 1633 Gomez IV Suarez de Figueroa y Córdoba,
duque de Feria (2nd Time)
22 Jan - 23 Sep 1633 Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España
23 Sep 1633 - 09 Jul 1635 Gil Carrillo de Albornoz, cardenal y
arzobispo de Tarento
11 Jul - 22 Sep 1635 Fernando Afán de Ribera,
duque de Alcalá
24 Sep 1635 - 19 Dec 1640 Diego Mexía Felipez de Guzmán y Dávila,
marqués de Leganés
19 Dec 1640 - 20 Jun 1643 Juan de Velasco de la Cueva y Pacheco,
conte di Sirvela
20 Jun 1643 - 16 Sep 1645 Antonio Sancho Davila de Toledo y Colonna,
marqués de Velada
18 Sep 1645 - 30 Sep 1647 Bernardino Fernández de Velasco y Tovar,
duque de Frías
30 Sep 1647 - 23 Jun 1648 Íñigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco,
conde de Haro
25 Jun 1648 - 02 Dec 1655 Luis de Benavides Carrillo,
marqués de Caracena
02 Dec 1655 - 03 Aug 1656 Giangiacomo cardinale Teodoro Trivulzio
03 Aug 1656 - 24 Feb 1660 Alfonso Perez de Vivero y Menchaca,
conde de Fuensaldaña
26 Feb 1660 - 19 Mar 1662 Francesco IV Caetani dell’Aquila,
duca di Sermoneta
19 Mar 1662 - 29 Mar 1668 Luis de Guzmán Ponce de Leon,
conde de Villaverde
31 Mar - Jun 1668 Pablo Spínola Doria,
marqués de los Balbases (1st Time)
26 Jun - 26 Dec 1668 Francisco de Orozco,
marqués de Olías y de Mortara
01 Feb - 06 Mar 1669 Pablo Spínola Doria,
marqués de los Balbases (2nd Time)
06 Mar 1669 - 05 May 1671 Gaspar Tellez Girón,
duque de Osuna
05 May 1671 - 10 Nov 1673 Antonio Lopez de Ayala Velasco y Cardeñas,
conde de Fuensalida y Colmenar,
Grande de España
12 Nov 1673 - 15 Oct 1678 Claude Lamoral I de Ligne, prince de Ligne,
prince de Epinoy, marquise de Roubaix
et Fauquemberg
17 Oct 1678 - 22 Jan 1686 Juan Tomás Enríquez de Cabrera,
conde de Melgar
22 Jab 1686 - 01 Apr 1691 Antonio López de Ayala Velasco y Cárdeñas,
conde de Fuensalida
01 Apr 1691 - 15 Jan 1698 Diego Dávila Mesía y Guzmán,
marqués de Leganés
17 May 1698 - 07 Sep 1706 Charles Henri de Lorraine,
prince de Vaudémont
Governors-General
26 Sep 1706 - 02 Jan 1717 Eugenio Francesco di Savoia-Carignano,
principe di Carignano
(military governor to 26 Apr 1707)
03 Jan 1717 - 26 Dec 1718 Maximilian Carl Fürst von
Löwenstein und Wertheim
18 Jan 1719 - Dec 1725 Hieronymus IV Graf Colloredo
24 Dec 1725 - 21 Oct 1733 Philipp Wirich Lorenz Graf von Daun
11 Dec 1733 - Aug 1736 Carlo Emanuele III, duca di Savoia
15 Dec 1736 - 17 Mar 1742 Otto Ferdinand Graf von Traun
und Abensberg
12 Sep 1743 - 16 Dec 1745 Johann Georg Christian
Fürst von Lobkowitz
16 Jun 1745 - 16 Sep 1747 Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-Centurione
(1st Time)
16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746 Felipe de Borbón, infante de España
(for Spain)
19 Sep 1747 - 18 Sep 1750 Ferdinand Bonaventura Graf von Harrach
26 Sep 1750 - 23 Sep 1753 Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-Centurione (2nd Time)
01 Nov 1753 - 15 Oct 1771 Francesco III Maria, duca di Modena
Nov 1754 - 03 Jul 1758 Beltrame, conte Cristiani
(acting for Francesco III)
29 Jul 1758 - 15 Oct 1771 Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian
(acting for Francesco III, 1st Time)
15 Oct 1771 - 09 May 1796 Ferdinand Karl Anton Josef Johann Stanislas,
Erzherzog von Österreich
15 Oct 1771 - 20 Jun 1782 Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian
(acting for Ferdinand, 2nd Time)
29 Jul 1782 - 09 May 1796 Johann Joseph Graf von Wilczek
(imperial commissioner)
29 Apr 1799 - 29 May 1800 Filippo Cocastelli,
marchese di Montiglio
Viceroy
07 Jun 1805 - 24 Apr 1814 Eugenio Napoleone di Francia,
principe di Venezia, granduca
di Francoforte
Governors of Lombardy
28 Apr 1814 - 1817 Friedrich Heinrich Graf von
Bellegarde
1817 - 1818 Franz Anton Graf von Saurau
24 Feb 1818 - 03 May 1830 Giulio Giuseppe conti di Strassoldo
03 May 1830 - 26 Nov 1840 Franz Graf von Hartig
26 Nov 1840 - 03 May 1841 Robert Anton von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz
(acting)
03 May 1841 - 18 Mar 1848 Johann Baptist Graf Spaur
18 Mar - 22 Mar 1848 Heinrich Graf O'Donnell
(acting)
23 May - 06 Aug 1848 Carlo Alberto, duca de Savoia
06 Aug - 01 Sep 1848 Felix von Schwartzenberg
01 Sep - 24 Sep 1848 Franz Graf von Wimpfen
25 Sep 1848 - 1849 Albrecht von Montecuccoli-Laderchi
1849 - 1850 Karl II Borromäus Philipp
Fürst zu Schwartzenberg
25 Oct 1849 - 28 Mar 1857 Josef Wenzel Radetzky Graf
von Radetzky von Radetz
28 Mar 1857 - 09 Jun 1859 Friedrich Freiherr von Burger
Modena
.svg%5B1%5D.png?etag=W%2F%224f49-577f9f76%22&sourceContentType=image%2Fpng&ignoreAspectRatio&resize=111%2B138)
1115 Modena a free Commune
15 Dec 1288 Lordship of Modena
26 Jan 1306 - 06 Jan 1311 Commune of Modena restored
13 Jan 1311 Imperial rule
24 Jul 1312 Sold to Mantua
18 Jan 1318 - 30 Nov 1319 Independence briefly restored
Apr 1327 - 27 Nov 1328 Part of the Papal States
27 Nov 1328 - 1333 Imperial rule
13 May 1336 - 18 May 1452 Modena a possession of Ferrara
18 May 1452 Duchy of Modena
18 Aug 1510 - 31 Jan 1511 Occupied by the Papal State
31 Jan 1511 - 14 Dec 1513 Imperial occupation
17 Jun 1513 Sold to the Papal State
05 Jun 1527 Re-conquered by Ferrara
22 Mar 1530 - 12 Oct 1531 Imperial occupation
16 Jan 1598 Independence restored
01 Aug 1702 - 20 Nov 1706 Occupied by France
20 Jul 1734 - 23 May 1736 Occupied by France
19 May 1742 - 11 Feb 1749 Occupied by Austria
04 Oct 1796 French occupation
06 Oct 1796 Republic of Modena
16 Oct 1796 Part of the Cispadane Republic
09 Jul 1797 Part of the Cisalpine Republic
04 May - 12 Jun 1799 Austrian occupation
12 Jun - 20 Jun 1799 French occupation
20 Jun 1799 - 09 Jul 1800 Austrian occupation
09 Jul 1800 Re-incorporation into the Cisalpine Republic
18 May 1805 Part of the Kingdom of Italy
09 Feb 1814 Duchy of Modena restored
09 Feb - 09 Mar 1831 Provisional government
22 Mar - 29 May 1848 Revolutionary provisional government
Aug 1848 - 11 Jun 1859 Austrian occupation
15 Jun 1859 Administrated by Piedmont-Sardinia
28 Jul 1859 Modena
08 Dec 1859 - 18 Mar 1860 Part of the Emilian provinces
18 Mar 1860 Incorporated into Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Part of Italy
Monarchs
871-893 Leondolino
893-898 Giovanni I
898-902 Geminolf
902-933 Gotfred I
933-943 Arding
943-968 Guido I
968-981 Canossa, Attone I
981-1012 Canossa, Tedalo I
1012-1052 Canossa, Boniface I
1052-1115 Canossa, Matilda de Contessa
1196-1212 Azzo I
1212-1215 Aldobrandino
1215-1264 Azzo II
1264-1294 d'Este, Obizzo I
1294-1308 d'Este, Azzo III
1308-1312 Pico, Francesco I
1308-1324 Aldbrandino II
1317-1344 Niccolo I
1317-1335 Rinaldo
1317-1352 Obizzo III
1352-1361 Aldobrandino III
1361-1388 Niccolo II
1388-1394 Alberto I
1394-1441 Niccolo III
26 Dec 1441 - 01 Oct 1450 d'Este, Leonello I ....................... 1407-1450
Dukes
01 Oct 1450 - 20 Aug 1471 d'Este, Borso ............................ 1413-1471
20 Aug 1471 - 15 Jun 1505 d'Este, Ercole I ......................... 1431-1505
15 Jun 1505 - 31 Oct 1534 d'Este, Alfonso I ........................ 1476-1534
31 Oct 1534 - 03 Oct 1559 d'Este, Ercole II ........................ 1508-1559
03 Oct 1559 - 27 Oct 1597 d'Este, Alfonso II ....................... 1533-1597
30 Jan 1598 - 11 Dec 1628 d'Este, Cesare ........................... 1552-1628
11 Dec 1628 - 24 Jul 1629 d'Este, Alfonso III ...................... 1591-1644
24 Jul 1629 - 14 Oct 1658 d'Este, Francesco II ..................... 1610-1658
14 Oct 1658 - 16 Jul 1662 d'Este, Alfonso IV ....................... 1634-1662
16 Jul 1662 - 06 May 1674 Ducessa Laura Martinozzi ................. 1639-1687
(regent)
16 Jul 1662 - 06 Sep 1694 d'Este, Francesco III .................... 1660-1694
07 Sep 1694 - 26 Oct 1737 d'Este, Rinaldo II ....................... 1665-1737
(in exile 30 Jul 1702 - 20 Nov 1706 and
20 Jul 1734 - 24 May 1736)
26 Oct 1737 - 22 Apr 1780 d'Este, Francesco IV ..................... 1698-1780
22 Apr 1780 - 06 Oct 1796 d'Este, Ercole III Reinaldo .............. 1727-1803
(1st Time)
20 Jun 1799 - 20 Jun 1800 d'Este, Ercole III Reinaldo
(2nd Time)
14 Apr 1810 - 09 Feb 1814 Ouidinot, Nicolas-Charles
(Duke of Reggio)
09 Feb 1814 - 21 Jan 1846 Habsburg, Francesco V .................... 1779-1846
(deposed 09 Feb - 09 Mar 1831)
21 Jan 1846 - 24 Mar 1848 Habsburg, Francesco VI (1st Time) ........ 1819-1875
President of the Provisional government
24 Mar - 17 Jun 1848 Giuseppe Malmusi ......................... 1803-1865
24 Mar - 02 Apr 1848 Provisional Government (in Reggio)
- Luigi Peretti
- Jacopo Ferrari
14 Aug 1849 - 13 Jun 1859 Habsburg, Francesco VI (2nd Time)
Commissioner
15 Jun - 19 Jun 1859 Luigi Zini ............................... 1821-1894
Governor of the Province
19 Jun 1859 - 18 Mar 1860 Luigi Carlo Farini ....................... 1812-1860
Napoli (Naples and the Two Sicilies)
The Kingdom of Naples was the southern part of the Italian peninsula
(traditionaly known as Mezzogiorno meaning "midday" because of the sun's
position over the Northern Hemisphere at midday). Despite the name "Kingdom
of Naples," the Kingdom was officially styled the Regno di Sicilia
(Kimgdom of Sicily), confusuingly one of two southern Italian Kingdoms
called Sicily. Until 1282 the Kingdom of Sicily included the southern
mainland and the island of Sicily, which following the division of the
kingdom split into two separate states bearing the same name. Though
however, they shared the same Monarch under the Crowns of Aragon and then
Spain from 1516. The use of the style "Kingdom of Naples" is generally
used to distinguish it from the island Kingdom of Sicily. The two
Sicilies were re-united once more from 1816 to Italian unification in 1861.
600-326 BC Greek colony of Neapouleis
326-476 Roman Rule
476-493 Heruli Confederation
493-553 Part of Kingdom of Ostrogoths
553-1027 To the Byzantine Empire
1027 - 1030 To Capua
1030 - 1130 To the Byzantine Empire
25 Dec 1130 Part of the Kingdom of Sicily
06 Jan 1266 Regno di Sicilia (Kingdom of Sicily, or Kingdom of
Sicily and Puglia)
31 Mar 1282 The Vesper rebellion expels the Angevin rulers
from the island of Sicily; the Kingdom is divided
into two Kingdoms, Regno di Napoli (Kingdom of Naples)
and Kingdom of Sicily
02 Jun 1442 - 27 Jun 1458 Part of the Crown of Aragon, in Personal Union
with the Kingdom of Sicily
31 Mar 1504 Part of the Crown of Aragon
23 Jan 1516 Part of the Spanish Monarchy
22 Oct 1647 - 05 Apr 1648 Neapolitan Republic (in rebellion)
1707 Under Austrian Habsburg rule
07 Mar 1714 Ceded to the Holy Roman Empire by Treaty of Rastatt
25 May 1734 Re-conquered by Spain
02 Jun 1734 Direct royal rule under the a junior branch
of the Spanish Bourbons
23 Jan - 23 Jun 1799 French occupation, Parthenopean Republic
27 Dec 1805 - 1814 French occupation
01 Mar 1806 Annexed to the French Empire
30 Mar 1806 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (under France,
authority does not extend to the island)
01 Aug 1808 Kingdom of Sicily (restored)
08 Dec 1816 To the Kingdom of the Two Sicily
17 Dec 1860 Annexed by Piedmonte-Sardinia
05 May 1861 Autonomy abolished
09 Oct 1861 Fully incorporated into Italy
Capital: Naples.
Language(s): Italian, Greek.
Religian: Roman Catholic.
Motto: NOXIAS HERBAS.
Currency: Neapolitan piastra.
Dukes of Napoli (Byzantine untill 840)
661-666 Basil I
666-670 Theophylactus I
670-673 Cosmas I
673-677 Andrus I
677-684 Caesarius I
684-687 Stefano I
687-696 Bonellus I
696-706 Theodosius I
706-711 Caesarius II
711-719 Ionas I
719-729 Theodore I
729-739 Giorgius I
739-755 Gregori I
755-766 Stefano II
766-794 Gregori II
794-801 Theophylactus II
801-818 Antheminus I
821-832 Stephen III
832-834 Bonus I
834-840 Andrus II
840 Contardus I
840-860 Sergius I
864-870 Gregori III
870-877 Sergius II
877-898 Athanasius I
898-915 Gregori IV
915-919 Ionas II
919-928 Marinus I
928-968 Ionas III
968-975 Marinus II
975-999 Sergius III
999-1002 Ionas IV
1002-1036 Sergius IV
1036-1050 Ionas V
1050-1082 Sergius V
1082-1097 Sergius VI
1097-1120 Ionas VI
1120-1137 Sergius VII
Monarchs of Napoli
31 Mar 1282 - 07 Jan 1285 Capet-Anjou, Carlo I
07 Jan 1285 - 06 May 1309 Capet-Anjou, Carlo II "il Zoppo"
06 May 1309 - 19 Jan 1343 Capet-Anjou, Roberto II "il Saggio"
19 Jan 1343 - 26 Aug 1381 Capet-Anjou, Ioanna
26 Aug 1381 - 24 Feb 1386 Capet-Anjou, Carlo III "il Piccolo"
24 Feb 1386 - 06 Aug 1414 Capet-Anjou, Ladislas
06 Aug 1414 - 02 Feb 1435 Capet-Anjou, Ioanna II
02 Feb 1435 - 12 Jun 1442 Capet-Anjou, Renato "il Buono"
12 Jun 1442 - 27 Jun 1458 Trastamara, Alfonso I "il Magnanimo"
27 Jun 1458 - 25 Jan 1494 Trastamara, Ferrantino I "il Bastardo"
25 Jan 1494 - 22 Feb 1495 Trastamara, Alfonso II
18 Dec 1495 - 07 Oct 1496 Trastamara, Ferrantino II
07 Oct 1496 - 01 Aug 1501 Trastamara, Frederico II
01 Aug 1501 - 31 Mar 1504 Valois, Louis VII of France
31 Mar 1504 - 23 Jan 1516 Trastamara, Ferrantino III "il Cattolico"
14 Mar 1516 - 16 Jan 1556 Habsburg, Carlo VI
16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep 1598 Habsburg, Filippo I
13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621 Habsburg, Filippo II
31 Mar 1621 - 17 Sep 1665 Habsburg, Filippo III
22 Oct 1647 - 05 Mar 1648 Henri de Lorraine, duc de Guise
(Dogi of the Neopolitan Republic [in rebellion])
17 Sep 1665 - 01 Nov 1700 Habsburg, Carlo V
16 Nov 1700 - 07 Jul 1707 Bourbon, Filippo IV
07 Jul 1707 - 25 May 1734 Habsburg, Carlo VI
02 Jun 1734 - 06 Oct 1759 Bourbon, Carlo VII
06 Oct 1759 - 23 Jan 1799 Bourbon, Ferrantino IV (1st Time) .......... 1751-1825 "il Re Nasone"
Dictators of the Parthenopean Republic
23 Jan - 24 Feb 1799 Jean Étienne Vachier Championnet ........... 1762-1800
24 Feb - 03 Jun 1799 Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald . 1765-1840
Kings
23 Jun 1799 - 01 Mar 1806 Bourbon, Ferrantino IV (2nd Time)
30 Mar 1806 - 08 Jul 1808 Bounaparte, Guiseppe I Napoleone ........... 1768-1844
01 Aug 1808 - 22 May 1815 Murat, Giocchino-Napoleone ................. 1767-1815 "il Re Franconi"
(Joachim Murat)
22 May 1815 - 08 Dec 1816 Bourbon, Ferrantino IV (3rd Time)
Kings of the Two Sicilies
08 Dec 1816 - 04 Jan 1825 Bourbon, Ferdinando I ...................... s.a
(Ferrantino IV of Naples)
04 Jan 1825 - 08 Nov 1830 Bourbon, Francesco I ....................... 1777-1830
08 Nov 1830 - 22 May 1859 Bourbon, Ferdinando II ..................... 1810-1859
22 May 1859 - 07 Sep 1860 Bourbon, Francesco II ...................... 1836-1894
Viceroys
22 Feb - 07 Jul 1495 Gilbert de Bourbon,
comte de Montpensier ...................... 1443-1496
1501 - 28 Apr 1503 Louis Armagnac, duc de Nemours ............. 1472-1503
1503 - 27 Jan 1504 Ludovico II di Saluzzo ..................... 1438-1504
14 May 1503 - 11 May 1507 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,
duque de Sessa y Terranova ................ 1453-1515
Jun - Nov 1507 Jaoana de Aragón
Nov 1507 - 08 Oct 1509 Juan II de Ribagorza,
conde de Ribagorza ........................ 1457-1528
08 Oct - 23 Oct 1509 Antonio de Guevara, IV conde de Potenza .... 1481-1545
(acting)
24 Oct 1509 - 10 May 1522 Ramón Folc de Cardona-Anglesola,
conde de Albento .......................... 1467-1522
1511 - 23 Feb 1513 Francisco cardenal de Remolins i Pardines .. 1462-1518
(acting for conde de Albento)
05 Feb 1515 - 13 Nov 1518 Bernardo de Villamarín
(acting for conde de Albento)
16 Jul 1522 - 20 Oct 1523 Charles de Lannoy, seneur de Sanzeilles,
Erquelines et Maingoval ................... 1487-1527
20 Oct 1523 - Jun 1526 Andrea Carafa, conde de Santa Severina ..... 14..-1526
(acting)
1526 - Sep 1527 Ludovico Montalto
(acting)
Sep 1527 - 28 Apr 1528 Hugo de Moncada ............................ 1466-1528
1528 - 03 Aug 1530 Filiberto de Chalôns, príncipe de Orange ... 1502-1530
03 Aug 1530 - 28 Jun 1532 Pompeo cardenal Colonna .................... 1479-1532
1532 Fernando de Aragón, duque de Montalto ...... 1460-1543
(provisional)
04 Sep 1532 - 21 Feb 1553 Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga,
marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo ......... 1484-1553
22 Feb - 03 Jun 1553 Luis Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio ............
(acting)
03 Jun 1553 - 23 Mar 1555 Pedro Pacheco cardenal Ladrón de Guevara ... 1488-1560
23 Mar 1555 - Feb 1556 Bernardino de Mendoza
(acting)
Feb 1556 - 05 Jun 1558 Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel,
duque de Alba ............................. 1507-1582
Sep - Dec 1556 Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez
de Guzmán, duque de Alba .................. 1537-1583
(acting for the Fernando duque de Alba)
06 Jun - 10 Oct 1558 Juan Manrique de Lara ...................... 15..-1570
(interim)
10 Oct 1558 - 12 Jun 1559 Bartolomé cardenal de la Cueva y Toledo .... 1499-1562
12 Jun 1559 - 02 Apr 1571 Per Afán Enríquez de Ribera,
duque de Alcalá ........................... 1509-1571
19 Apr 1571 - 18 Jul 1575 Antonio cardenal Perrenot de Granvela ...... 1517-1586
(acting)
18 Jul 1575 - 08 Nov 1579 Íñigo López de Mendoza,
marqués de Mondéjar ....................... 1512-1580
11 Nov 1579 - 11 Nov 1582 Juan de Zúñiga y Requeséns,
príncipe de Pietraperzia .................. 1539-1586
28 Nov 1582 - Nov 1586 Pedro Téllez-Girón y de la Cueve
duque de Osuna ............................ 1537-1590
Nov 1586 - Nov 1595 Juan de Zúñiga y Avellaneda,
conde de Miranda .......................... 1541-1608
27 Nov 1595 - 19 Jul 1599 Enrique de Guzmán,
conde de Olivieres ........................ 1540-1607
19 Jul 1599 - 19 Oct 1601 Fernando Ruiz de Castro,
conde de Lemos ............................ 1548-1601
20 Oct 1601 - 05 Apr 1603 Francisco Ruiz de Castro y de Sandoval-Rojas,
conde de Lemos ............................ 1579-1637
06 Apr 1603 - 11 Jul 1610 Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera,
conde de Benavente ........................ 1550-1621
Jul 1610 - 08 Jul 1616 Pedro Fernández de Castro y Andrade,
conde de Lemos ............................ 1560-1622
21 Aug 1616 - 04 Jul 1620 Pedro Téllez-Girón y Velasco Guzmán y Tovar,
duque de Osuna ............................ 1574-1624
04 Jul - 12 Dec 1620 Gaspar cardenal de Borja y Velasco ......... 1580-1645
14 Dec 1620 - 24 Dec 1622 Antonio cardenal Zapata y Cisneros ......... 1550-1632
24 Dec 1622 - 16 Aug 1629 Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont
de Navarra, duque de Alba ................. 1568-1639
16 Aug 1629 - 13 May 1631 Fernando Afán de Ribera y Enríquez,
duque de Alcalá ........................... 1583-1637
14 May 1631 - 12 Nov 1637 Manuel de Acevedo y Zúñiga,
conde de Monterrey ........................ 1586-1653
13 Nov 1637 - 06 Mar 1644 Ramiro Núñez de Guzmán,
duque de Medina de las Torres ............. 1600-1668
14 May 1644 - 11 Feb 1646 Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera,
duque de Medina de Rioseco ................ 1597-1647
11 Feb 1646 - 26 Jan 1648 Rodrigo Ponce de León y de Toledo,
duque de Arcos ............................ 1602-1658
26 Jan - 01 Mar 1648 Juan José de Austria ....................... 1629-1679
02 Mar 1648 - 10 Nov 1653 Íñigo Vélez de Guevara y Tassis,
conde de Oñate ............................ 1597-1658
10 Nov 1653 - 11 Jan 1659 García de Avellaneda y Haro,
conde de Castrillo ........................ 1588-1670
11 Jan 1659 - 08 Sep 1664 Gaspar de Bracamonte Guzmán y Pacheco
de Mendoza, conde de Peñaranda ............ 1595-1676
08 Sep 1664 - 11 Apr 1666 Pascual cardenal de Aragón-Cardona
y Fernández de Córdoba .................... 1626-1677
14 Apr 1666 - 03 Jan 1671 Pedro Antonio de Aragón,
duque Cardona y Segorbe ................... 1611-1690
05 Jan 1671 - 12 Feb 1672 Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y de León,
marqués de Villafranca .................... 1635-1705
(interim)
14 Feb 1672 - 09 Sep 1675 Antonio Pedro Sancho Dávila Osorio,
marqués de Astorga ........................ 1615-1689
9 Sep 1675 - 09 Jan 1683 Fernando Joaquín Fajardo Requesens
y Toledo, marqués de los Vélez ............ 1635-1693
16 Jan 1683 - 16 Nov 1687 Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán,
marqués del Carpio ........................ 1629-1687
31 Jan 1688 - 05 Feb 1696 Francisco de Benavides,
marqués de Santisteban .................... 1645-1716
27 Mar 1696 - Feb 1702 Luis Francisco de la Cerda,
duque de Medinaceli ....................... 1660-1711
Feb 1702 - 06 Jul 1707 Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y Zúñiga,
duque d'Escalona, marques de Villena ...... 1650-1725
07 Jul - 31 Oct 1707 Georg Adam Graf von Martinitz .............. 1645-1714
01 Nov 1707 - 30 Oct 1708 Wirich Philipp Lorenz Graf von Daun ........ 1669-1741
(1st Time)
01 Jul 1708 - 27 Sep 1710 Vincenzo cardinale Grimani ................. 1652-1710
27 Sep 1710 - 20 May 1713 Carlo Borromeo conte d'Arese ............... 1657-1734
20 May 1713 - 04 Jul 1719 Wirich Philipp Lorenz Graf von Daun (2nd Time)
04 Jul - 25 Jul 1719 Johann Wenzel von Gallas ................... 1669-1719
25 Jul 1719 - 1721 Wolfgang Hannibal Graf von Schrattenbach,
Cardinal-Erzbischof von Olmütz ............ 1660-1738
1721 - 1722 Marcantonio Borghese, principe di Sulmona .. 1660-1729
19 May 1722 - 31 Jul 1728 Cardinal Michael Friedrich von Althann ..... 1682-1734
31 Jul - 09 Dec 1728 Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero,
marques de Almahara ....................... 1681-1760
(acting)
09 Dec 1728 - 12 Jul 1733 Aloys Thomas Raimund von Harrach ........... 1669-1742
12 Jul 1733 - 01 Jan 1734 Giulio Borromeo, conte Visconti ............ 1664-1750
03 Jan 1734 - 12 Jul 1735 Manuel Luiz d'Orléans y de Watteville,
conte di Charny, duca di Castellammare .... 1677-1740
25 Mar - 13 Nov 1744 Michele Reggio e Branciforte
Vicar-general
21 Dec 1798 - 17 Jan 1799 Principe Francesco Pignatelli .............. 1734-1812
Lieutenant-general of the Realm
25 Jan 1799 - 22 May 1815 Fabrizio Cardinal Ruffo .................... 1744-1827
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
Jan - 04 Jun 1815 Donato Antonio Tommasi (1st Time) .......... 1761-1831
04 Jun 1815 - 27 Jun 1816 Tommaso di Somma,
marchese di Circello (1st Time) ........... 1737-1826
27 Jun 1816 - 09 Jul 1820 Luigi de 'Medici (1st Time) ................ 1759-1830
23 Mar 1821 - Jun 1822 Donato Antonio Tommasi (2nd Time)
Jun 1822 - 25 Jan 1830 Luigi de 'Medici (2nd Time)
25 Jan 1830 - 11 Mar 1831 Tommaso di Somma,
marchese di Circello (2nd Time)
19 Mar 1831 - 18 May 1836 Carlo Avarna Gualtieri, marchese
Castania, duca di Gualtieri e
barone di Sicaminò Grappida ............... 1757-1836
18 May 1836 - 14 Jan 1840 Girolamo Ruffo
14 Jan 1840 - 28 Jan 1848 Giuseppe Ceva Grimaldi Pisanelli ........... 1777-1862
28 Jan - 03 Apr 1848 Nicola Maresca, duca di Serracapriola
03 Apr - 19 May 1848 Carlo Troja ................................ 1798-1858
19 May 1848 - 22 Aug 1849 Gennaro Spinelli, principe de Cariati ...... 1780-1851
22 Aug 1849 - 19 Jan 1852 Giustino Fortunato ......................... 1777-1862
19 Jan 1852 - 09 Jun 1859 Ferdinando cavaliere Troja ................. 1786-1861
09 Jun 1859 - 19 Mar 1860 Carlo Filangieri, principe di Satriano,
duca di Taormina .......................... 1784-1867
19 Mar - Aug 1860 Antonio Statella, principe di Cassaro
Aug - Sep 1860 Antonio Spinelli di principi di Scaléa ..... 1785-1884
Sep - 1861 Francesco Antonio Cavaliere Casella ........ 1819-1894
(in Gaeta exile)
1861 - 19 Oct 1870 Pietro Calà Ulloa .......................... 1801-1879
(in Rome exile)
Papal States (Rome)
753 - 509 BC Roman Kingdom
509 BC Roman Republic
16 Jan 27 BC Roman Empire
11 May 330 CE Capital moved to Constantinople
17 Jan 395 CE Western Roman Empire
04 Sep 476 AD Rome falls to the Ostrogoths
476 - 493 Rome a member of the Heruli Confederation
493 - 553 Part of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths
536 - 546 Byzantine occupation
553 - 751 Part of Byzantium
751 - 756 Part of the Kingdom of the Lombards
14 Apr 754 Status Pontificius / Stato della Chiesa, temperal
Papal States for the Pope by the Donation of Pepin
28 Aug 846 Arabs sack Rome
13 Feb 962 Donation of Pepin confirmed by Holy Roman Emperor Otto I
24 Jul 1177 Treaty of Venice recognised the Papal power over the city of Rome
09 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Papacy relocates to Avignon
20 May - 15 Dec 1347 Failed attempted to restore the Roman Republic
29 May - 1434 Roman Republic declared in rebelion
31 Dec 1494 - 28 Jan 1495 French occupation
10 Feb - 27 Nov 1798 French occupation
15 Feb 1798 - 30 Sep 1799 Roman Republic
27 Nov - 12 Dec 1798 Occupied by Naples
11 Jul - 28 Sep 1799 French re-occupation
30 Sep 1799 - 03 Jul 1800 Re-occupied by Naples
03 Jul 1800 Papal State restored
02 Feb 1808 - 17 May 1809 French occupation
17 May 1809 - 14 Mar 1814 Annexed by French Empire
22 Mar - 22 May 1815 Occupied by Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples
22 May - 07 Jun 1815 Austrian occupation
07 Jun 1815 Papal States re-restored
09 Feb - 04 Jul 1849 Roman Republic (in rebellion)
03 Jul - 03 Aug 1849 French occupation
03 Aug 1849 - 07 Aug 1870 Rome garrisoned by Imperial French troops
18 Mar 1860 Sardinia annexes Romagna
17 Dec 1860 Umbria and the Marche annexed by Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Italian unification under Sardinia (without Lazio)
20 Sep 1870 Rome occupied by Italy
20 Sep 1870 - 11 Feb 1929 Captivus Vatican, the Pope called the "prisoner in the Vatican"
09 Oct 1870 The remainder of the Papal State (Lazio) annexed by Italy
07 Jun 1929 Vatican City independent of Italy
Kings of Ancient Rome
753 - 716 Romulus
715 - 674 Numa Pompilius
673 - 642 Tullus Hostilius
641 - 617 Ancus Marcius
616 - 579 Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
578 - 535 Servius Tullius
534 - 509 Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Popes
14 Apr 754 - 09 Oct 1870 The Popes of The Roman Catholic Church
Consuls of Rome
887 - 914 Theophytlactus
887 - 914 Theodora
914 - 931 Marozia
932 - 954 Alberic II
954 - 963 Ottaviano
973 - 985 Crescentius
985 - 989 Giovanni Crescenzio I
996 - 998 Giovanni Crescenzio I (2nd Time)
1001 - 1002 Gregorio, conte di Tusculo
1002 - 1012 Giovanni II Crescenzio
1012 - 1015 Alberic III conte di Tusculo
1015 - 1033 Romano conte di Tusculo
1033 - 1046 .....
1047 - 1058 Annibale degli Annibali
1108 - 1143 Pierleone Frangipane
1108 - 1143 Leone Frangipane
1144 - 1145 Giordano Pierleoni
1145 - 1152 Giacomo da Vico
1158 - 1167 Pietro I da Vico
1167 - 1178 Giovanni da Vico
1186 - 1228 Pietro II da Vico
1230 - 1231 Giovanni II da Vico
1244 - 1262 Pietro III, conte di Angillare
1262 - 1268 Pietro IV da Vico
1272 - 1302 Pietro V da Vico
1290 Giovanni Colonna, Lord of Rome
1308 - 1337 Mafredo I da Vico
1347 Cola Rienzi
1351 - 1352 Giovanni Cerroni
1353 Francesco Barncelli
1408 - 1410 Ladislas, Lord of Rome
Consuls
15 Feb - 20 Mar 1798 Provisional Consuls
- Francesco Riganti
- Carlo Luigi Costantini
- Pio Camillo, duca Bonelli-Crescenzi
- Gioacchino Pessuti
- Antonio Bassi
- Angelo Stampa
- Liborio Angelucci
20 Mar - Sep 1798 Consuls
- Liborio Angelucci
- Giacomo De Mattheis
- Pietro Panazzi
- Pietro Reppi
- Ennio Quirino Visconti
Sep - 27 Nov 1798 Consuls
- Brigi (1st Time)
- Calisti (1st Time)
- Francesco Pierelli (1st Time)
- Giuseppe Rey (1st Time)
- Federico Maria Domenico Michele
Zaccaleoni
29 Nov - 12 Dec 1798 Consuls
- Prince Giambattista Borghese
- Prince Paolo-Maria Aldobrandini
- Prince Gibrielli
- Marchese Camillo Massimo
- Giovanni Ricci
12 Dec 1798 - 24 Jul 1799 Consuls
- Brigi (2nd Time)
- Calisti (2nd Time)
- Francesco Pierelli (2nd Time)
- Giuseppe Rey (2nd Time)
- Federico Maria Domenico Michele
Zaccaleoni
Presidents of the Provisional Committee
24 Jul - 30 Sep 1799 Jean Périller
30 Sep 1799 - 03 Jul 1800 Diego Naselli
Camerarius (Chaimberlins)
24 Apr 1396 - 01 Dec 1406 Corrado Cardinale Caraccioli
Secretaries of State
14 Jul 1691 - 27 Sep 1700 Fabrizio Cardinal Spada
03 Dec 1700 - 19 Mar 1721 Fabrizio Cardinal Paolucci (1st Time)
10 May 1721 - 07 Mar 1724 Giorgio Cardinal Spinola
07 Mar 1724 - 12 Jun 1726 Fabrizio Cardinal Paolucci (2nd Time)
13 Jun 1726 - 21 Feb 1730 Niccolo Maria Cardninal Lecari
21 Feb 1730 - 16 Sep 1733 Antonio Cardinal Banchieri
04 Oct 1733 - 06 Feb 1740 Giuseppe Firrao
20 Aug 1740 - 28 Aug 1756 Silvio Cardinal Valenti Gonzaga
10 Sep 1756 - 03 May 1758 Alberico Cardinal Archinto
08 Oct 1758 - 02 Feb 1769 Ludovico Maria, Cardinal Torregiani
19 May 1769 - 23 Feb 1785 Lazzaro Opizio, Cardinal Pallavicini
29 Jun 1785 - 14 Oct 1789 Ignazio Cardinal Boncompagni Ludovisi
14 Oct 1789 - 09 Aug 1796 Francesco Saverio, Cardinal De Zelada
09 Aug 1796 - 18 Mar 1797 Ignazio Cardinal Busca
18 Mar 1797 - 29 Aug 1799 Giuseppe Cardinal Doria Pamphili
(1st Time)
29 Aug 1799 - 18 Jun 1808 Ercole Consalvi, marchese di Consalvi
(1st Time)
18 Jun 1808 - 17 May 1814 Bartolomeo Cardinal Pacca (1st Time)
17 May 1814 - 30 Aug 1823 Ercole Consalvi, marchese di Consalvi (2nd Time)
30 Aug 1823 - 17 Jun 1828 Guilio Maria Cardinal della Somaglia
17 Jun 1828 - 10 Feb 1829 Tomaso Cardinal Bernetti (1st Time)
10 Feb 1829 - 30 Nov 1830 Giuseppe Cardinal Albani
12 Feb 1831 - 20 Jun 1836 Tomaso Cardinal Bernetti (2nd Time)
20 Jun 1836 - 16 Jun 1846 Luigi Cardinal Lambruschini
01 Aug 1846 - 05 Jul 1847 Pasquale Cardinal Tomaso Gizzi
05 Jul 1847 - 20 Jan 1848 Carlo Cardinal Vizzardelli
20 Jan - 09 Mar 1848 Giuseppe Cardinal Bofondi
09 Mar - 02 Aug 1848 Luigi Cardinal Ciacchi
02 Aug - 29 Nov 1848 Giovanni Cardinal Soglia
Prime Minister
23 Dec 1848 - 04 Jul 1849 Carlo Emmanuel, conte Muzzarelli
Secretary of State
12 Apr 1850 - 19 Oct 1870 Giacomo Cardinal Antonelli
Parma and Piacenza
16 Sep 1545 Duchies of Parma and Picenza
01 Nov 1802 - 24 May 1808 French occupation
24 May 1808 - 11 Apr 1814 Annexed by France
02 Mar - 09 Mar 1814 Austrian occupation
11 Apr 1814 Duchies restored, given to ex-Empress of France
Maria Louise von Habsburg by peace treaty
14 Feb - 20 Mar 1848 Austrian occupation
30 Jun - 17 Aug 1848 Annexation to Piedmonte-Sardinia decreed
17 Aug 1848 - Mar 1849 Austrian occupation
Mar - 05 Apr 1849 Occupied by the Kingdom of Sardinia
18 Aug 1859 United with Modena
12 Sep 1859 - 18 Mar 1860 Administrated by Sardinia
18 Mar 1860 Annexed to Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Part of Italy
Lords
807-835 Suppone I
835-860 Adalgis I
860-882 Suppone II
882-911 Adalgis II
911-921 Adalberto
921-931 Radaldo
931-967 Manfredo
967-977 Bernardo I
977-998 Guido I
998-1037 Bernardo II
1037-1051 Bonifacio
1051-1073 Arduin
1073-1095 Uberto I
1095 Uberto II
1095-1101 Alberto de'Guiberti
1101-1111 Ghiberto de'Guiberti
1111-1115 Matilda Canossa
1303-1308 Giberto da Correggio
(1st Time)
1311 Guido II Cocconato
1311 Franceschino Malspina
1311 Falcone Enrici
1311-1316 Giberto da Correggio
(2nd Time)
1316-1322 Gianquirico San Vitale
1322-1326 Marsilio Rossi
(1st Time)
1326-1328 Passerino Della Torre
1328-1329 Rolando Rossi
1329-1331 Marsilio Rossi
(2nd Time)
1331-1333 Castellino Beccaria
1333-1335 Mattias da Sommo
1335-1341 Alberto II Della Scala
1341-1344 Azzo da Correggio
1344-1346 Obizzo Este
Dukes
16 Feb 1545 - 10 Sep 1547 Farnese, Pier Luigi ...................... 1503-1547
09 Nov 1547 - 15 Sep 1586 Farnese, Ottavio ......................... 1524-1686
15 Sep 1586 - 03 Dec 1592 Farnese, Alessandro ...................... 1545-1592
03 Dec 1592 - 05 Mar 1622 Farnese, Ranuccio I ...................... 1569-1622
05 Mar 1622 - 11 Sep 1646 Farnese, Odoardo ......................... 1612-1646
11 Sep 1646 - 11 Dec 1694 Farnese, Ranuccio II ..................... 1630-1694
11 Dec 1694 - 26 Feb 1727 Farnese, Francesco Maria ................. 1678-1727
26 Feb 1727 - 20 Jan 1731 Farnese, Antonio Francesco ............... 1679-1731
20 Jan 1731 - 03 Oct 1735 Bourbon, Carlo I ......................... 1716-1788
(Carlos III of Spain)
03 Oct 1735 - 18 Oct 1748 The Dukes of Milan
18 Oct 1748 - 18 Jul 1765 d'Bourbon, Filippo ....................... 1720-1765
18 Jul 1765 - 09 Oct 1802 d'Bourbon, Ferdinando Maria .............. 1751-1802
24 Apr 1808 - 11 Apr 1814 de'Cambacérès, Jean Jacques Regis ........ 1753-1824
(in Parma)
24 Apr 1808 - 11 Apr 1814 Charles François Lebrun,
duc de Plaisance ........................ 1739-1824
(in Piacenza)
11 Apr 1814 - 17 Dec 1847 Habsburg, Maria Luigia ................... 1791-1847
17 Dec 1847 - 14 Mar 1848 d'Bourbon, Carlo II ...................... 1799-1883
Presidents of the Provisional Government
11 Apr - 30 Jun 1848 Gregorio Ferdinando, conte di Castagnola
(in Parma)
Sardinian Royal Commissioners
30 Jun - 17 Aug 1848 Federico Colla ........................... 1790-1879
22 Mar - 05 Apr 1849 Giacomo Plezza ........................... 1806-1893
Dukes
23 Aug 1849 - 27 Mar 1854 d'Bourbon, Carlo III ..................... 1823-1854
27 Mar 1854 - 09 Jun 1859 d'Bourbon, Roberto ....................... 1848-1907
27 May 1854 - 09 Jun 1859 Louisa Maria di Berry .................... 1819-1864
Presidents of the Provisional Government
10 Jun - 17 Jun 1859 Girolamo Cantelli, conte di Rubbiano
Sardinian Royal Commissioners
17 Jun - 09 Aug 1859 Diodato conte Pallieri ................... 1813-1892
09 Aug - 18 Aug 1859 Giuseppe Manfredi ........................ 1828-1918
(acting)
Dictator
18 Aug - 08 Dec 1859 Luigi Carlo Farini ....................... 1812-1866
Chief Ministers
06 Aug 1814 - 1816 Filippo Francesco, conte Magaely
Cerati de Carly
1834 - 20 Mar 1848 Charles René, Comte de Bombelles
06 Apr - 17 May 1849 Antonio Cavaliere Lombardi
17 May 1849 - 03 May 1859 Enrico Salati
Piedmonte
942 March of Turin
19 Dec 1091 March of Turin aquired by the Count of Savoy
18 Feb 1245 - 21 Jun 1280 Granted to a junior branch of the Savoy dynasty
01 Feb 1295 Restored to the junior branch of Savoy
27 Jan 1360 - 02 Jul 1363 Confiscated by Savoy
15 Aug 1424 Principality of Piedmont part of the Savoy Monarchy,
from 1586 the style Prince of Piedmont is used by the
heir of the Duke of Savoy
01 Apr 1536 - 07 Feb 1563 French occupation (annexed 1538)
08 Aug 1720 Part of the Kingdom of Sardinia
12 Dec 1798 Piedmontese Republic (French client state)
28 May 1799 - 23 Jun 1800 Re-incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia
19 Apr 1801 French occupation
11 Sep 1802 Incorporated into France
25 Apr 1814 Restored to the Kingdom of Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Part of Italy
1189 - 1233 de'Maurienne, Tommaso I
01 Mar 1233 - 18 Feb 1245 Tommaso II
Counts
18 Feb 1245 - 07 Feb 1259 Tommaso II
07 Feb 1259 - 16 May 1282 Tommaso III
16 May 1282 - 25 Sep 1334 Savoia, Filippo I
16 May 1282 - 1285 Guyonne de Bourgogne
(regent)
1285 - 1295 Amadeo di Savoia
(regent)
25 Sep 1334 - 17 May 1367 Giacomo
17 May 1367 - 20 Jan 1368 Savoia, Filippo II
20 Jan 1368 - 07 May 1402 Amedeo
20 Jan 1368 - 1377 Amedeo VI di Savoia
(regent)
07 May 1402 - 11 Dec 1418 Lodovico
Princes
11 Dec 1418 - 15 Aug 1424 Savoia, Amedeo VII
15 Aug 1424 - 01 Apr 1536 The Dukes of Savoy
01 Apr 1536 - 07 Feb 1563 The Kings of France
03 Apr 1586 - 09 Feb 1605 Savoia, Filippo Emanuele ..................... 1586-1605
09 Feb 1605 - 26 Jul 1630 Savoia, Vittorio Amedeo II
14 Sep 1632 - 07 Oct 1637 Savoia, Francesco Giacinto ................... 1632-1638
06 May 1699 - 22 Mar 1715 Savoia, Vittorio Amedeo Filippo Giuseppe ..... 1699-1715
22 Mar 1715 - 03 Sep 1730 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele III
03 Sep 1730 - 20 Feb 1773 Savoia, Vittorio Amedeo III
20 Feb 1773 - 16 Oct 1796 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele IV
16 Oct 1796 - 04 Jun 1802 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele I
04 Jun 1802 - 12 Mar 1821 Savoia, Carlo Felice
12 Mar 1821 - 27 Apr 1831 Savoia, Carlo Alberto
27 Apr 1831 - 23 Mar 1849 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele II
23 Mar 1849 - 09 Jan 1878 Savoia, Umberto IV
09 Jan 1878 - 29 Jul 1900 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele III
15 Sep 1904 - 09 May 1946 Savoia, Umberto V
09 May - 18 Jun 1946 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele IV ................. 1937-2024
Sardegna (Sardinia)
687 Founding of the four giuducati
Arborea, Cagliari, Gallura and Torres
1284 Torres annexed by Genoa
1297 Kingdom of Corica-Sardinia (a fief of the Papacy)
1298 Part of Cagliari annexed by Pisa
1303 Kingship accepted by the King of Aragon
1308 Remaining part of Cagliari and Gallura annexed by Genoa
24 Apr 1326 Regne de Sardenya/Regno di Sardegna (Kingdom of Sardinia),
part of the Crown of Aragon
1478 Arborea extinct
23 Jan 1516 In Personal Union with Spain
01 Nov 1700 Claimed by the Austrian Habsburgs upon the death of the
last Spanish Habsburg Monarch
13 Aug 1708 - 30 Sep 1717 Austrian occupation
24 Aug 1717 - 17 Feb 1720 Spanish occupation
17 Feb 1720 Aquired by House of Savoy, styled Regno di Sardegna;
includes Piedmonte and the counties of Nice and Savoy
27 Nov 1792 - 25 Apr 1814 Nice and Savoy annexed to France
28 Apr 1796 - 25 Apr 1814 Piedmonte annexed by France
20 Dec 1814 Genoa annexed to Piedmonte-Sardinia
30 Nov 1859 Lombardy annexed
18 Mar 1860 Modena, Parma and Romagna annexed
22 Mar 1860 Tuscany annexed
02 Aug 1860 Nice and the County of Savoy are ceded to France
17 Dec 1860 Sicily and Umbria annexed
17 Mar 1861 Part of united Kingdom of Italy, the King becomes the
first Monarch of united Italy
Arborea
c.687 Giudicato di Arborea
1038 - 1054 Giudice di Arborea styled "Re di Sardenga"
1164 - 1191 Giudici di Arborea styled "Re di Sardenga"
1368 - 1409 Giudicato di Arborea incorporated the entire
island of Sardinia except the Aragonese ports
of Alghero and Cagliari
1258 Giudicato di Cagliari mostly incorprated into Arborea
1259 Giudicato di Torres incorporated into Arborea
1296 Giudicato di Gallura incorporated into Arborea
09 Mar 1410 Arborea incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia
Giudici (Lat: Iudices, Eng: Judges)
1015 - 1038 Gonnario I Comita de Lacon-Gunale
1038 - 1060 Torchitorio Barisone I de Lacon-Gunale
1060 - 1070 Mariano I de Lacon-Serra
1070 - 1100 Orzocco I de Lacon-Zori
1100 - 1120 Torbeno di Arborea
1120 - 1122 Orzocco II de Lacon-Zori
1100 - 1122 Torbeno II de Lacon-Zori
1116 Comita I de Lacon-Zori
1116 - 1131 Gonario II de Lacon-Serra
11.. - 1131 Costantino I de Lacon-Serra
1131 - 1146 Comita II de Lacon-Serra
11.. - 11.. Orzocco III di Arborea
11.. - 11.. Costantino II de Lacon
11.. - 11.. Comita III de Lacon
1146 - 1186 Barisone II de Lacon-Serra
(from 1164, styled Re di Sardegna)
1185 - 1214 Pietro I di Arborea
1185 - 1211 Ugone I de Serra-Bas ...................... 1178-1211
(in oppositon to 1192)
1195 - 1214 Guglielmo Salusio IV di Cagliari
(in opposition)
1214 - 1217 Barisone III di Arborea,
dei visconti di Bas Serra
1211 - 1241 Pietro II de Serra-Bas
1241 - 1297 Mariano II di Arborea
1241 - 1264 Guglielmo I di Capraia
1264 - 1274 Niccolò I di Capraia
1274 - 1287 Anselmo I di Capraia
1297 - 23 Mar 1304 Giovanni I de Bas-Serra
23 Mar 1304 - 03 Apr 1308 Andreotto I de Bas-Serra
1308 - 1321 Mariano III di Arborea
1321 - 1335 Ugone II di Arborea
1335 - 1347 Pietro III di Arborea
1347 - 1376 Mariano IV di Arborea ..................... 1313-1376
1376 - 03 Mar 1383 Ugone III di Arboea ....................... 1335-1383
1383 - 1387 Federico Doria de-Serra Bas .............. 1377-1387
1383 - 1387 Eleonora di Arborea (1st Time) ............ 1347-1402
1387 - 1407 Mariano V di Arborea
1387 - 1402 Eleonora di Arborea (2nd Time)
1407 - 1410 Guglielmo III di Narbona
- Titular rulers -
1410 - 1427 Leonardo I Cubello
(regent from 1408)
1427 - 1455 Antonio de Serra-Cubello
1455 - 1470 Salvatore de Serra-Cubello
1470 - 1478 Leonardo II Alagon di Serra-Cubello-Alagon 1436-1494
Sardinia
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Kings
1038 - 1054 Barisone I di Arborea
1164 - 1191 Barisone II di Arborea .................... 11..-1186
1241 - 1257 Hohenstaufen, Enzo ........................ 1218-1272
24 Apr 1326 - 23 Jan 1516 The Kings of Aragon
23 Jan 1516 - 01 Nov 1700 The Spanish Monarchs
01 Nov 1700 - 08 Aug 1720 Bourbon, Filipe V of Spain
(deposed 1708-1717)
13 Aug 1708 - 30 Sep 1717 Habsburg, Karl IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(in opposition)
24 Aug 1720 - 03 Sep 1730 Savoia, Vittorio Amadeus II ............... 1666-1732
03 Sep 1730 - 20 Feb 1773 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele III ................ 1701-1773
20 Feb 1773 - 16 Oct 1796 Savoia, Vittorio Amadeus III .............. 1726-1796
16 Oct 1796 - 04 Jun 1802 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele IV ................. 1751-1819
(in refuge in Sardinia from 12 Dec 1798)
04 Jun 1802 - 12 Mar 1821 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele I ............... 1759-1824
(in refuge in Sardinia to 25 Apr 1814)
12 Mar 1821 - 27 Apr 1831 Savoia, Carlo Felico Giuseppe Maria ....... 1765-1831
27 Apr 1831 - 23 Mar 1849 Savoia, Carlo Alberto I ................... 1798-1849
23 Mar 1849 - 17 Mar 1861 Savoia, Vittorio Emmanuele II ............. 1820-1878
17 Mar 1861 - 18 Jun 1946 The Kings of Italy
Viceroys
1417 - 1418 Luis de Pontos
1418 - 1420 Juan de Corbera
1420 - 1421 Rambaldo Corbera
1421 - 1422 Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec
i de Cabrera (1st Time)
1422 Luis de Aragall (1st Time, interim)
1422 - 1430 Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec
i de Cabrera (2nd time)
1430 Luis de Aragall (2nd Time, interim)
1430 - 1433 Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec
i de Cabrera (3rd Time)
1433 - 1434 Luis de Aragall (3rd Time, interim)
1434 - 1437 Juan de Besora
(acting)
1437 - 1448 Francisco de Eril
1448 - 1450 Nicolás Antonio de Montes
1450 - 1453 Godofredo de Ortaffa
1453 - 1454 Juan Bertran Carroz
1454 - 1455 Juan de Aragall
(interim)
1455 - 1458 Pedro Besalú
1458 - 1460 Juan de Flors
1460 - 1477 Nicolás Carroz de Arborea
1477 - 1479 Pedro Maza de Linaza
(interim)
1479 - 1483 Ximén Pérez Escrivá de Romaní
(1st Time)
1483 - 1484 Guillermo de Peralta
1484 - 1487 Ximén Pérez Escrivá de Romaní
(2nd Time)
1487 Pedro Forteza
(interim)
1487 - 1491 Íñigo López Carrillo de Mendoza
1491 Álvaro Carrillo de Albornoz
1491 - 1501 Juan Dusay (1st Time)
1501 - 1502 Benito Gualbes
(interim)
1502 - 1507 Juan Dusay (2nd Time)
1507 - 1508 Juan Amat
(interim)
1508 - 1514 Fernando Girón de Rebolledo
1514 - 1529 Ángel de Vilanova
1529 - 1532 Martín de Cabrera
1534 - 1543 Antonio de Cardona (1st Time)
1543 - 1545 Pedro Veguer, obispo del Alguer
(interim)
1545 - 1547 Antonio de Cardona (2nd Time)
1547 Jerónimo Aragall
(1st Time, interim)
1547 - 1556 Lorenzo Fernández de Heredia
1556 Jerónimo Aragall
(2nd Time, interim)
1556 - 1569 Álvaro de Madrigal
1570 - 1577 Juan Coloma y Cardona, conde de Elda
1577 - 1578 Jerónimo Aragall
(3rd Time, interim)
1578 - 1584 Miguel de Moncada (1st time)
1584 - 1586 Gaspar Vicente Novella, arzobispo
de Cagliari
1586 - 1590 Miguel de Moncada (2nd time)
1590 - 1595 Gastón de Moncada, marqués de Aytona
1595 - 1597 Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde de Elba
(1st Time)
1597 - 1599 Alfonso Lasso Sedeño, arzobispo de Cagliari
(interim)
1599 - 1601 Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde de Elda
(2nd Time)
1601 - 1602 Juan de Zapata
1602 - 1603 Diego I de Aragall
(interim)
1603 - 1604 Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde de Elda
(3rd Time)
1604 - 1610 Pedro Sánchez de Calatayud, conde del Real
1610 - 1611 Jaime de Aragall
(interim)
1611 - 1617 Carlos de Borja, duque de Gandía
1617 - 1623 Alonso de Eril, conde de Eril
1623 Luis de Tena, obispo de Tortosa
1623 - 1625 Juan Vives de Canyamás, barón
de Benifayró
1625 Diego II de Aragall
(1st Time, interim)
1625 Pedro Ramón Zaforteza, conde de
Santa Maria de Formiguera (interim)
1625 - 15 Apr 1631 Jerónimo Pimentel, marqués de Bayona
1631 Diego II de Aragall
(2nd Time, interim)
1631 - 1632 Gaspar Prieto, arzobispo de Alghero
(interim)
1632 - 1637 Antonio Jiménez de Urrea,
marqués de Almonacid
1637 - 1638 Diego II de Aragall (3rd time)
(interim)
1638 - 1639 Juan Andrea Doria Landi, príncipe de Melfi
1639 - 1640 Diego II de Aragall (4th Time)
(interim)
1640 - 1643 Fabrizio Doria, duque de Avellano
1644 - 1649 Luis Guillén de Moncada, duque
de Montalto
1649 Bernardo Matías de Cervelló
(1st Time, interim)
1649 - 1651 Juan Jacobo Teodoro Trivulzio,
príncipe de Trivulzio
1651 Duarte Álvarez de Toledo,
conde de Oropesa
1651 - 21 Feb 1652 Beltrán Vélez de Guevara,
marqués de Campo Real
1652 - 1653 Pedro Martínez Rubio, arzobispo de Palermo
(interim)
1653 - 1657 Francisco Fernández de Castro
Andrade, conde de Lemos
1657 - 1662 Francisco de Moura Corterreal,
marqués de Castel Rodrigo
1662 Pedro Vico, arzobispo de Cáller
(interim)
1662 - 25 Dec 1664 Nicolás Ludovisi, principe de Piomi
1664 - 1665 Bernardo Matías de Cervelló
(2nd time) (interim)
1665 - 21 Jun 1668 Manuel de los Cobos y Luna,
marqués de Camarasa
1668 Bernardo Matías de Cervelló
(3rd Time, interim)
1668 - 1673 Francisco Tuttavilla, duque de San Germán
1673 - 1675 Fernando Fajardo y Álvarez de
Toledo, marqués de los Vélez
1675 Melchor Cisternes de Oblite
(1st Time, interim)
1675 - 1678 Francisco de Benavides, marqués de las Navas
1678 - 1680 Melchor Cisternes de Oblite
(2nd Time, interim)
1680 José de Funes y Villalpando,
marqués de Ossera
1680 - 1682 Felipe de Egmont, conde de Egmont
1682 Diego Ventura Fernández de Angulo,
arzobispo de Cáller (interim)
1682 - 1686 Antonio de Velasco y Ayala,
conde de Fuensalida
1686 - 1687 José Delitala y Castelvì (interim)
1687 - 1690 Nicolás Pignatelli, duca di Monteleone
1690 Carlos Homo Dei Moura y Pacheco,
marqués de Castel Rodrigo
1690 - 1696 Luis Moscoso Osorio, conde de Altamira
1696 - 1699 José de Solís y Valderrábano
Dávila, conde de Montellano
1699 - 1703 Fernando de Moncada y Aragón,
duque de San Juan
1703 - 1704 Francisco Ginés Ruiz de Castro,
conde de Lemos
1704 - 1706 Baltasar de Zúñiga y Guzmán,
marqués de Valero
1706 - 1708 Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal,
marqués de Ayamonte
13 Aug 1708 - 1710 Fernando de Meneses Silva,
conde de Cifuentes
1710 - 1711 Jorge de Heredia, conde de Fuentes
1711 - 1713 Andrés Roger de Eril, conde de Eril
1713 - 1715 Pedro Nuño Colón Portugal, conde de Ayala
1715 - 18 Jun 1717 Francesco d'Eril, conte d'Eril
18 Jun - 30 Sep 1717 José Antonio de Rubí y Boxadors,
marqués de Rubí
22 Aug 1717 - 1718 Juan Francisco de Bette, marqués de Lede
1718 - 1720 Gonzalo Chacón de Orellana
May 1720 - Sep 1723 Filippo Pallavicino, baroni di Saint-Rémy . 1662-1732
(1st Time)
Sep 1723 - Apr 1726 Carlo Alessandro Doria di Cirié e del Maro,
abate San Maria di Vezzolano ............. 1678-1726
Apr 1726 - Sep 1727 Filippo Pallavicino, baroni di Saint-Rémy
(2nd Time)
Sep 1727 - Sep 1731 Ercole Tomaso Roèro, marchese di Cortanze . 1661-1747
Sep 1731 - Aug 1735 Girolamo Falletti, marchese di Castagnole
e di Barolo
Aug 1735 - Aug 1738 Carlo Amedeo di San Martino
d'Agliè, marchese di Rivarolo ............ 1669-1735
Aug 1738 - Sep 1741 Louis François d'Aligne, comte d'Apremont . 1717-1776
Sep 1741 - Apr 1745 Louis, baron de Blonay .................... 1675-1755
Apr 1745 - Aug 1748 Giuseppe Maria del Carretto,
marchese di Santa Giulia
Aug 1748 - Sep 1751 Emanuele, principe di Valguarnera
Sep 1751 - Apr 1755 Giambattista Cacherano,
conte di Brischerasio .................... 1706-1782
Apr 1755 - May 1758 Vittorio Amedeo Costa,
conte della Trinitá ...................... 1698-1777
May 1758 - May 1762 Francesco Tana, conte di Santena
May 1762 - Apr 1763 Giovanni Battista Pellegrino .............. 1697-1763
Apr - Sep 1763 Carlo Giuseppe Solaro di Govone
(interim)
Sep 1763 - May 1767 Ludovico Costa, conte della Trinitá ....... 1699-1772
May 1767 - Jul 1771 Vittorio Lodovico d'Hallot,
conte des Hayes e di Dorzano
Jul 1771 - Nov 1773 Antonio Francesco Gaetano Caissotti,
conti di Robbione
Nov 1773 - Sep 1777 Filippo Francesco Ferrero,
marchese della Marmora ................... 1719-1789
Sep 1777 - Dec 1780 Giuseppe Lascaris di Ventimiglia,
conte di Castellar ....................... 1729-1793
Dec 1780 - Jul 1783 Carlo Francesco Valperga, marchese,
di Caluso e conte di Masino
Jul 1783 - May 1787 Angelo Maria Solaro di Moretta
May 1787 - Aug 1790 Carlo Thaon di Revel e Sant'Andrea,
conti Thaon di Sant 'Andrea .............. 1725-1807
Aug 1790 - 28 Apr 1794 Vincenzo Balbiano ......................... 1729-1799
May 1794 - Mar 1799 Filippo Vivalda,
marchese di Castillino e di Pogliano ..... 1732-1808
Mar 1799 - 1816 Principe Carlo Felice di Savoia,
duca di Genevois ......................... s.a
1816 - 1818 Giacomo Pes di Villamarina ................ 1750-1820
(interim)
Sep 1818 - Sep 1820 Ignazio Thaon di Revel, conte di Pratolungo 1760-1820
(interim)
Sep 1820 - May 1822 Ettore Veuillet, marchese d'Yenne ......... 1758-1830
(interim)
May 1822 - Apr 1823 Giuseppe Maria Galleani, conte d'Agliano .. 1762-1838
Apr 1823 - Apr 1825 Francesco Gennaro Roero,
conte di Monticelli
Jul 1825 - Jul 1829 Giuseppe Tornielli, conte di Vergano ......
Jul 1829 - Jul 1831 Giuseppe Maria Roberti,
conte di Castelvero ...................... 1775-1844
Jul 1831 - Jul 1840 Giuseppe Maria Montiglio d'Ottiglio
e Villanova
Jul 1840 - May 1843 Giacomo, conte d'Asarta ................... 1780-1857
May 1843 - Mar 1848 Claudio Gabriele de Launay ................ 1786-1850
Prime Ministers
11 May 1814 - Dec 1821 Filippo Antonio Asinari,
marchese di San Marzano .................. 1767-1838
Jan 1822 - 21 Mar 1835 Vittorio Sallier della Torre .............. 1774-1858
21 Mar 1835 - 16 Mar 1848 Clemento Solaro,
conte della Margherita ................... 1792-1869
16 Mar - 27 Jul 1848 Conte Cesare Balbo ........................ 1789-1853
27 Jul - 15 Aug 1848 Conte Gabrio Casati ....................... 1798-1873
15 Aug - 11 Oct 1848 Cesare Alfieri, marchese de Sostegno ...... 1799-1869
11 Oct - 16 Dec 1848 Ettore, conte Perrone de San Martino ...... 1789-1849
16 Dec 1848 - 21 Feb 1849 Vincenzo Gioberti ......................... 1801-1852
21 Feb - 27 Mar 1849 Barone Agostino Chiodo .................... 1791-1861
27 Mar - 07 May 1849 Claudio Gabriele Delaunay ................. s.a
07 Mar 1849 - 04 Nov 1852 Massimo Taparelli,
marchese d'Azeglio ....................... 1798-1866
04 Nov 1852 - 19 Jul 1859 Camillio Benso, conde di Cavour ........... 1810-1861
19 Jul 1859 - 21 Jan 1860 Alfonso Ferrero,
marchese di La Marmora ................... 1804-1878
Full Style of the Monarch:
"By the grace of God, King of Sardinia, of Cyprus, and of Jerusalem, Duke of
Savoy, of Genoa, of Montferrat, of Aoste, Chablais, Genevois, and of Piacenza;
Prince of Piedmont and Oneglia; Margrave in Italy, of Saluzzo, Ivrea, of Susa,
of Ceva, of the Maro, of Oristano, of Cesana, and of Savona; Count of Maurienne,
of Genève, of Nice, of Tenda, of Romonte, of Asti, of Alessandria, of Goceano,
of Novara, of Tortona, of Vigevano and of Bobbio; Baron of Vaud and of Faucigny;
Lord of Vercelli, of Pinerolo, of Tarentaise, of the Lomellina, and of the Valley
of Sesia, etc." Lat: Rex Sardiniea.
Savoia
1000 - 1416 County of Savoy
24 Nov 1310 Counts of Savoy are made prices of the Holy Roma
19 Feb 1416 Duchy of Savoy
27 Mar 1536 - 03 Jul 1559 Annexed by France
21 Dec 1713 Duke becomes King of Sicily, uniting the Duchy with
the Kingdom as the Kingdom of Sicily
08 Aug 1720 Savoy acquires Sardinia, styled Kingdom of Sardinia
with Piedmonte, Savoy and Nice; core of the Kingdom
remains based in Turin
21 Sep 1792 Savoy occupied by France
27 Nov 1792 - 25 Apr 1814 Annexed by France
25 Apr 1814 Savoy reincorporated into Piedmont-Sardinia
30 Nov 1847 Savoy fully incorporated into Piedmont-Sardinia
02 Aug 1860 Savoy and Nice ceded to France by Treaty of Turin,
Piedmont and Liguria remain part of the Kingdom
of Italy
17 Mar 1861 - 18 Jun 1946 The Italian Monarch uses the style "Duke of Savoy"
Counts
1000-1048 de'Maurienne, Umberto I
1048-1059 de'Maurienne, Amandeo I
1059-1078 de'Maurienne, Peto I
1078-1080 de'Maurienne, Amandeo II
1080-1103 de'Maurienne, Umberto II
1103-1149 de'Maurienne, Amadeo III
1149-1189 de'Maurienne, Umberto III
1189-1233 de'Maurienne, Tommaso I
1233-1253 de'Savoia, Amandeo IV
1258-1268 de'Savoia, Boniface I
1263-1268 de'Savoia, Peto II
1268-1285 de'Savoia, Filipe I
1285-1323 de'Savoia, Amandeo V
1323 - 04 Nov 1329 Savoia, Edoardo ......................... 1284-1329
04 Nov 1329 - 22 Mar 1343 Savoia, Aimone I ........................ 1291-1343
22 Mar 1343 - 27 Feb 1383 Savoia, Amandeo VI ...................... 1334-1383
27 Feb 1383 - 01 Nov 1391 Savoia, Amandeo VII ..................... 1360-1391
01 Nov 1391 - 19 Feb 1416 Savoia, Amadeo VIII ..................... 1383-1451
Dukes
19 Feb 1416 - 1440 Savoia, Amadeo VIII
(Antipope Felix V 1439-1449)
1440 - 29 Jan 1465 Savoia, Ludovico ........................ 1413-1465
29 Jan 1465 - 30 Mar 1472 Savoia, Amandeo IX ...................... 1435-1472
30 Mar 1472 - 22 Sep 1482 Savoia, Filberto I ...................... 1465-1482
22 Sep 1482 - 13 Mar 1490 Savoia, Carlo I ......................... 1468-1490
13 Mar 1490 - 16 Apr 1496 Savoia, Carlo II ........................ 1489-1496
16 Apr 1496 - 07 Nov 1497 Savoia, Filipo II ....................... 1438-1497
07 Nov 1497 - 10 Nov 1504 Savoia, Filberto II ..................... 1480-1504
10 Sep 1504 - 17 Aug 1553 Savoia, Carlo III ....................... 1486-1553
17 Jul 1553 - 30 Aug 1580 Savoia, Emanuele Filberto I ............. 1528-1580
30 Aug 1580 - 26 Jul 1630 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele I ................ 1562-1630
26 Jul 1630 - 07 Oct 1637 Savoia, Vittorio Amadeo I ............... 1587-1637
07 Oct 1637 - 04 Oct 1638 Savoia, Francesco Giacinto .............. 1632-1638
04 Oct 1638 - 12 Jun 1675 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele II ............... 1634-1675
12 Jun 1675 - 03 Sep 1730 Savoia, Vitorio Amadeo II
03 Sep 1730 - 20 Feb 1773 Savoia, Carlo Emanuele III
20 Feb 1773 - 16 Oct 1796 Savoia, Vitoior Amadeo III
16 Oct 1796 - 04 Jun 1802 Savoia, Carlo Emanual IV
(in refuge in Sardinia from 12 Dec 1798)
04 Jun 1802 - 12 Mar 1821 Savoia, Vitorio Emanuel I
(in refuge in Sardinia to 25 Apr 1814)
12 Mar 1821 - 27 Apr 1831 Savoia, Carlo Felice
27 Apr 1831 - 23 Mar 1849 Savoia, Carlo Alberto
23 Mar 1849 - 09 Jan 1878 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele II ............ s.a
09 Jan 1878 - 29 Jul 1900 Savoia, Umberto IV ...................... 1844-1900
29 Jul 1900 - 09 May 1946 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele III ........... 1869-1947
09 May - 18 Jun 1946 Savoia, Umberto V ....................... 1904-1983
Sicilia
The Kingdom of Sicily (Regno di Sicilia) was a state on the island of Sicily.
Originally founded as a Norman county, it was also called the "Kingdom of
Apulia and Sicily" until 1282 when it was split from the mainland which was
also styled the "Kingdom of Sicily," but usually refered to as the "Kingdom
of Naples". From 1302 the kingdom was sometimes called the Kingdom of
Trinacria but also known as the "Kingdom of Sicily beyond the Lighthouse."
The two kingdoms became one again from 1816-1860 as the "Kingdom of the Two
Sicilies".
Greek colony
Part of Roman Empire
965 - 1072 Emirate of Sicily
Jul 1061 County of Sicily
25 Dec 1130 Kingdom of Sicily
20 Oct 1194 - 25 May 1254 Part of the Holy Roman Empire
31 Mar 1282 Split into Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily
26 Sep 1282 - 11 Dec 1295 In personal union with the Kingdom of Aragon
31 Aug 1302 - 1314 Renamed Kingdom of Trinacria
25 Jul 1409 Part of the Aragonese Crown
23 Jan 1516 Spanish rule
22 Sep 1713 Under the Savoy dynasty
29 Oct 1719 - 17 Oct 1720 Austrian occupation
17 Feb 1720 Austrian rule
02 Jun 1734 Spanish rule
06 Oct 1759 In personal union with the Kingdom of Naples
08 Dec 1816 - 17 Dec 1860 Part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily)
13 Apr 1848 - 05 May 1849 Rebellion agaianst Naples
17 Dec 1860 Annexed by Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Part of Italy
Monarchs
505-498 Cleander
498-491 Hippocrates
491-478 Gelon I
478-466 Heiron I
466-465 Thrashybulus
405-367 Dionysius I
367-357 Dionysius II
(1st Time)
357-354 Dion
354-353 Callippus
353-351 Hipparinus
351-347 Nysaeus
347-344 Dionysius II (2nd Time)
344-337 Timoleon
317-389 Agathocles
270-215 Hieron II
216-215 Gelon II
214-215 Hieronymus
Emirate of Siciliy
948-954 Kalbi, Hassan I al-Kalbi
954-970 Kalbi, Ahmad ibn Hasan al-Muizziyya
969 Yaish (usurper)
970-982 Kalbi, Abu I-Qasim
982-983 Kalbi, Djabir ibn `Ali
983-985 Kalbi, Dja'far I ibn Muhammed
985-986 Kalbi, Abd-Allah ibn Muhammed
986-998 Kalbi, Yusuf al-Kalbi
998-1019 Kalbi, Dja'far II
1019-1036 Kalbi, Ahmad II al-Akhal
1036-1040 Zaid, Abd Allah Abu Hafs
1040-1053 Kalbi, Hassan II as-Samsam
1053-1062 Kalbi, Muhammed ath-Thumma
Counts
1071 - 1101 Hauteville, Ruggero I
1101 - 1105 Hauteville, Simon
1105 - 25 Dec 1130 Hauteville, Roggero II
Kings
25 Dec 1130 - 26 Feb 1154 Hauteville, Ruggero II
26 Feb 1154 - 07 May 1166 Hauteville, Gulgielmo I
07 May 1166 - 11 Nov 1189 Hauteville, Guglielmo II
11 Nov 1189 - 20 Feb 1194 Hauteville, Tancred
- 24 Dec 1193 Hauteville, Ruggero III
(co-ruler)
20 Feb - 20 Nov 1194 Hauteville, Guglielmo III
25 Dec 1194 - 28 Sep 1197 Hohenstaufen, Enrico I
25 Dec 1194 - 27 Nov 1198 Hauteville, Constanza
28 Sep 1197 - 13 Dec 1250 Hohenstaufen, Frederico I
Feb 1212 - 1217 Hohenstaufen, Enrico II
(co-ruler)
13 Dec 1250 - 21 May 1254 Hohenstaufen, Conrrado I
21 May 1254 - 26 Feb 1266 Hohenstaufen, Manfred
(co-ruler)
21 May 1254 - 29 Oct 1268 Hohenstaufen, Conrrado II
(co-Ruler)
26 Feb 1266 - 04 Sep 1282 Anjou, Carlo I
04 Sep 1282 - 02 Nov 1285 Barcelona, Pietro I (Pero de Aragon)
02 Nov 1285 - 20 Jun 1286 Barcelona, Giacobbe (Chaime II de Aragon)
11 Dec 1296 - 25 Jun 1337 Barcelona, Frederico III
25 Jun 1337 - 15 Aug 1342 Barcelona, Pietro II
15 Aug 1342 - 16 Oct 1355 Barcelona, Luigi ........................... 1338-1355
16 Oct 1355 - 27 Jan 1377 Barcelona, Frederico III ................... 1341-1377
27 Jan 1377 - 25 May 1401 Barcelona, Maria ........................... 1363-1401
25 May 1401 - 25 Jul 1409 Barcelona, Martino I ....................... 1374-1409
25 Jul 1409 - 20 Jan 1410 Barcelona, Martino II ...................... 1356-1410
24 Jun 1412 - 02 Apr 1416 Trastamára, Ferdinando I ................... 1380-1416
02 Apr 1416 - 27 Jun 1458 Trastamára, Alfonso ........................ 1396-1458
27 Jun 1458 - 20 Jan 1479 Trastamára, Giovanni (Chuan de Aragon) ..... 1398-1479
20 Jan 1479 - 23 Jan 1516 Trastamára, Ferdinando II .................. 1452-1516
23 Jan 1516 - 16 Jan 1556 Habsburg, Carlo II ......................... s.a
(Karl V, Holy Roman Emperor)
16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep 1598 Habsburg, Filippo I ........................ s.a
13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621 Habsburg, Filippo II ....................... s.a
31 Mar 1621 - 17 Sep 1665 Habsburg, Filippo III ...................... s.a
17 Sep 1665 - 01 Nov 1700 Habsburg, Carlos III ....................... s.a
16 Nov 1700 - 22 Sep 1713 Bourbon, Filippo IV ........................ 1683-1746
(Philip V of Spain)
22 Sep 1713 - 17 Feb 1720 Savoia, Vittorio Amedeo I .................. s.a
(Duke of Savoy)
17 Feb 1720 - 02 Jun 1734 Habsburg, Carlo IV ......................... 1685-1740
(Karl VI, Holy Roman Emperor)
03 Jul 1735 - 06 Oct 1759 Bourbon, Carlo V ........................... 1716-1788
(Carlos of Spain, Duke of Parma)
06 Oct 1759 - 08 Dec 1816 Bourbon, Ferdinando III .................... 1751-1825
1812 - 19 May 1815 Principe Francesco di Bourbon .............. 1777-1830
(regent)
Dictator
11 May - 08 Nov 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi ......................... 1807-1882
Viceroys
1412 - 1415 Bianca de Navarra
1415 - 1416 Juan Peñafiel, infante de Castilla
1416 - 1419 Domingo Ram y Lanaja, obispo de Lérida
1419 - 1421 Antonio de Cardona y de Xerica-Aragon
1421 - 1422 Giovanni de Podio
1423 - 1424 Niccolò Speziale di Noto (1st Time)
1424 - 1425 Pedro, Infante of Aragón
1425 - 1431 Niccolò Speziale di Noto (2nd Time)
1431 - 1432 Giovanni I Ventimiglia,
conti-marchese di Geraci
1432 - 1433 Pedro Felice
1435 - 1439 Ruggero Paruta
1439 - 1440 Bernat de Requesens (1st Time)
1440 - 1441 Gilabert de Centelles y de Cabrera
1441 - 1443 Ramón de Perellós, Viscount of Perellós
1443 - 1459 Lope III Ximénez de Urrea y de Bardaixi (1st Time)
1459 - 1463 Juan de Moncayo
1463 - 1465 Bernat de Requesens (2nd Time)
1465 - 1475 Lope III Ximénez de Urrea y de Bardaixi (2nd Time)
1475 - 1477 Guillermo Pujades
1477 - 1479 Juan Ramón Folch de Cardona y Ximenez
de Arenós, conde de Pradés
1479 - 1489 Gaspar de Espés
1489 - 1495 Fernando de Acuña y de Herrera
1495 - 1507 Juan de Lanuza y Pimentel
1507 - 1509 Ramon Folc de Cardona y Anglesola,
conde de Albento .......................... 1467-1522
1509 - 1512 Hugo de Moncada ............................ 1476-1528
1512 - 1516 Bernardo Bologna, arzbispo de Messina
1516 Simone I de Ventimiglia, marqués de Irache . 1485-1545
1516 Mateo Santapau, marqués de Licodia
1516 - 1517 Giovan Vincenzo de Luna, conte di Caltabellotta
e di Sclafani, barone di Bivona
1517 - 1534 Ettore Pignatelli e Caraffa,
duca de Monteleone ........................ 14..-1535
1534 - 1546 Ferrante I Gonzaga, principe di Molfetta ... 1507-1557
1547 - 1557 Juan de Vega ............................... 1507-1558
1557 Pedro de Aragón y Tagliavia,
cardenal y arzobispo de Palermo ........... 1499-1558
1557 - 1565 Juan de la Cerda y de Silva,
duca di Medinaceli ........................ 1514-1575
1565 - 1568 García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio,
marchese di Villafranca del Bierzo ........ 1514-1577
1568 - 31 Jul 1571 Francesco Ferdinando d'Avalos,
Principe di Francavilla, Marchese del Vasto,
Marchese di Pescara e
Conte di Monteodorisio .................... 1530-1571
1571 - 1577 Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia,
principe di Castelvetrano e
duca di Terranova ......................... 1530-1599
1577 - 01 Aug 1584 Marco Antonio Colonna, duca di Tagliacozzo . 1535-1584
1585 - 1592 Diego Enriquez Guzman,
conte di Alba de Lista
1592 - 1596 Enrique de Guzmán y Ribera ................. 1540-1607
1596 - 1598 Giovanni III Ventimiglia,
principe di Castelbuono (1st Time, acting) 1559-1619
1598 - 1601 Bernardo de Cardenas y Portugal,
duque de Maqueda .......................... 1553-1601
1601 - 1602 Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara,
marqués de Elche .......................... 1584-1644
1602 - 1606 Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa,
duque de Feria ............................ 1559-1627
1606 Giovanni III Ventimiglia,
principe di Castelbuono (2nd Time, acting)
1606 - 1610 Juan Fernández Pacheco, duque de Escalona .. 1563-1615
1610 - 1611 Giovanni cardinale Doria,
arcivescovo di Palermo .................... 1573-1642
1611 - 1616 Pedro Téllez–Girón y Velasco Guzmán y Tovar,
duque de Osuna ............................ 1574-1624
1616 - 1622 Francisco Ruiz de Castro Portugal,
duque de Taurisano ........................ 1579-1637
1622 - 04 Aug 1624 Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia ............... 1588-1624
1624 - 1626 Giovanni III Ventimiglia,
principe di Castelbuono (3rd Time, acting)
1626 - 1627 Antonio Pimentel y Álvarez de Toledo,
marqués de Távara ......................... 1590-1627
1627 Enrique Enríquez Pimentel y Osorio,
conde de Villada .......................... 1604-1663
1627 - 1632 Francisco III Fernández de la Cueva,
duque de Alburquerque ..................... 1575-1637
1632 - 1635 Fernando Afán Enríquez de Ribera y Téllez-Girón,
duque de Alcalá ........................... 1583-1637
1635 - 1639 Luis Guillermo de Moncada y Aragón,
duque de Montalto ......................... 1614-1672
1639 Francisco Melo de Portugal y Castro,
conde de Assumar .......................... 1597-1651
1639 - 1641 Giovanni III Ventimiglia,
principe di Castelbuono (4th Time, acting)
1641 - 1644 Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera,
almirante de Castilla, conde de Módica .... 1600-1647
1644 Pedro Fajardo de Zúñiga y Requeséns,
marqués de los Vélez ...................... 1602-1647
1644 - 1647 Juan de Torrecilla Briones,
arcivescovo di Monreale ................... 16..-1648
1647 - 1648 Luis Francisco Núñez de Guzmán,
marqués de Montealegre .................... 16..-1674
- Giovanni Giacomo cardinale Teodoro Trivulzio 1597-1656
1648 - 1650 Don Juan José de Austria ................... 1629-1679
1650 - 1651 Melchor Centelles de Borgia
1651 Antonio Ronquillo Briceño .................. 1590-1651
- Martín de León y Cárdenas,
arzobispo de Palermo ...................... 1584-1655
1651 - 1655 Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar Sandoval Hurtado
de Mendoza, duque del Infantado ........... 1614-1657
1656 Francisco Gisulfo y Osorio, obispo de Cefalú 1597-1656
1656 - 1657 Martín de Redín y Cruzat ................... 1579-1660
1657 Juan Bautista Ortiz de Espinosa
1657 - 1660 Pietro Martino Rubeo, arcivescovo di Palermo
1660 - 1663 Fernando de Ayala, conde de Ayala
1664 - 1667 Francesco Gaetano, duque de Sermoneta ...... 1613-1683
1667 - 1670 Francisco IV Fernández de la Cueva y Enríquez
de Cabrera, duque de Alburquerque ......... 1619-1676
1670 - 1674 Claude-Lamoral, prince de Ligne ............ 1618-1679
1674 Francisco Bazán de Benavides,
marqués de Bayona ......................... 1619-1676
1674 - 1676 Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo Osorio y Ponce de León,
marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo ......... s.a
1676 - 1677 Anielo Guzmán, marqués de Castel Roderigo
1677 Leonor de Moura y Aragón,
marquesa de Castel Rodrigo ................ 1642-1707
1677 - 1678 Luis Manuel Fernández cardenal Portocarrero
Bocanegra y Guzmán, arzobispo de Toledo ... 1635-1709
1678 - 1679 Vincenzo Gonzaga Doria ..................... 1602-1679
1679 - 1687 Francisco de Benavides Dávila y Corella,
conde de Santisteban ...................... 1640-1716
1687 - 1696 Juan Francisco Antonio Alonso María José
Domingo Pacheco Téllez-Girón,
duque de Uceda ........................... 1649-1718
1696 - 1701 Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal,
duque de Veragua .......................... 1651-1710
1701 - 1702 Juan Manuel María de la Aurora Fernández
Pacheco Acuña Girón y Portocarrero Zúñiga,
marqués de Villena, duque d'Escalona ...... 1650-1725
1702 - 1705 Francesco Cardinale del Giudice ............ 1647-1725
1705 - 1707 Isidro de la Cueva y Benavides,
marqués de Bedmar ......................... 1667-1723
23 Apr 1707 - 11 Oct 1713 Carlos Felipe Spínola y Colonna,
marqués de los Balbases ................... 1665-1721
1714 - 1718 Aníbal Maffei, conte de Maffei ............. 1666-1735
1718 - 1719 Jean François Nicolas de Bette,
marquis de Lede ........................... 1672-1725
1719 Florimund Claudius Graf von Mercy .......... 1666-1732
1719 Johann Hieronymus Freiherr von
und zum Jungen
11 Nov 1719 - 1722 Niccolò Pignatelli, duca di
Monteleón a Terranova ..................... 1648-1730
02 Jul 1722 - 1728 Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero Bocanegra
y Moscoso,marqués de Almenara ............. 1681-1760
1728 - 02 Sep 1734 Cristóbal Fernández de Córdoba y Alagón,
conde de Sástago, y Morato,
marqués de Aquilar ....................... 1672-1748
1734 José Carrillo de Albornoz y Montiel Delgado,
duque de Montemar
1734 conte di Marsigliac (acting)
1734 - 1737 Pedro de Castro y Figueroa,
marqués de Gracía Real .................... 1685-1741
1737 - 1747 Bartolomeo Corsini, principe di Sismano .... 1683-1752
1747 - 1754 Eustachio di Viefuille, duca di Viefuille
1754 - 1755 Giuseppe Griman
1755 Marcello Papiniano Cusani,
arcivescovo di Palermo (acting) ........... 1690-1766
1755 - 1768 Giovanni Fogliani Sforza de Aragon
marchese de Pellegrino (1st Time) ......... 1697-1780
1768 Egidio Pietrasanta, principe di San Pietro
(acting)
1768 - 1773 Giovanni Fogliani Sforza de Aragon
marchese de Pellegrino (2nd Time)
1774 - 1775 Riccardo Serafino Filangieri,
arcivescovo di Palermo .................... 1713-1782
1775 - 1778 Marcantonio Colonna, principe di Aliano
e di Stigliano ............................ 1724-1796
1778 - 1781 Antonio de Cordada y Brù
(acting)
1781 - 1784 Domenico Caracciolo, marchese di Villamaina
1784 - 1786 Francesco Ferdinando Sanseverino,
arcivescovo di Palermo .................... 1723-1793
1786 Gioacchino Fons de Viela
1786 - 1794 Francesco Maria Venanzio d'Aquino,
principe di Caramanico .................... 1738-1795
1794 - 1798 Filippo Lopez y Rojo, di Taurisano,
arcivescovo di Palermo .................... 1728-1811
1798 Tommaso Firrao, principe di Sant'Agata
e di Luzzi ................................ 17..-1818
1802 - 05 Feb 1803 Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte,
arcivescovo de Palermo .................... 1750-1803
05 Feb 1803 - 1806 Alessandro Filangieri, principe di Cutò .... 1740-1806
16 Jan 1812 - 04 Jul 1816 Francisco de Bourbon, duca di Calabria ..... s.a
(1st Time)
1816 - 1817 Niccolò Filangieri, Principe di Cutò ....... 1760-1839
1817 - 1818 Francisco de Bourbon, duca di Calabria (2nd Time)
1818 - 1819 Carlos de Avarna, duca di Gualtieri ........ 1757-1836
- Gioacchino di Ferreri, duca di Ferreri
1819 - 1820 Francisco de Bourbon, duca di Calabria (3rd Time)
Lieutenants-generals
27 Apr - 17 Jul 1820 Diego Naselli, principe d'Aragón ........... 1754-1822
1820 Ruggiero Settimo
1820 - 1821 Antonio Ruffo, principe di Scaletta ........ 1778-1846
1821 Pietro Cardinale Gravina,
arcivescovo di Palermo .................... 1749-1830
1821 - 1823 Niccolò Filangieri, principe di Cutò
1823 - 1824 Antonio Lucchesi-Palli,
principe di Campofranco ................... 1781-1856
1825 - 1830 Pietro Ugo, marchese delle Favare
1830 - 1831 Vito, marchese Nunziante
1831 - 1835 Leopoldo di Borbone, conte di Siracusa ..... 1813-1860
1835 - 1837 Antonio Lucchesi-Palli,
principe di Campofranco (2nd Time)
1837 - 1839 Onorato Gaetani dell'Aquila d'Aragona,
duca di Laurenzana ........................ 1770-1857
1839 - 1840 Giuseppe Antonio Carlo de Tschudy,
marchese di San Pasquale
1840 - 1848 Luigi Nicola de Majo,
duca di San Pietro
Presidents of the Provisional Governemnt
12 Jan - 14 Jan 1848 Giuseppe La Masa ........................... 1819-1882
14 Jan 1848 Carlo Ventimiglia, principe di Grammonte
14 Jan 1848 - 22 Apr 1849 Ruggero Settimo ............................ 1778-1863
Lieutenants-generals
1848 - 1854 Carlo Filangieri, principe di Satriano,
duca de Tairmina .......................... 1784-1867
18 Mar 1855 - 19 Mar 1860 Paolo Ruffo, principe di Castelcicala ...... 1791-1866
Ministers of State for Sicily (in Naples)
26 Jul 1849 - 09 Jun 1859 Giovanni Cassisi ........................... 1788-1865
09 Jun 1859 - 19 Mar 1860 Paolo Cumbo
Toscana (Tuscany)
To 1570 1570-1737
1200 - 550 BC Rasna (Etruscan civilization)
774 - 1197 March of Tuscia
1197 Philip of Tuscany becomes King of Germany,
Tuscany is splintered into the republics of Florence,
Siena, Pisa, Arezzo, Pistoria and Lucca
1115 - 1250 Florence a free commune (interrupted by periods of Imperial rule)
1250 - 1531 Republica di Firenze (Republic of Florence)
16 Sep 1260 - 11 Nov 1266 Occupied by Sicily
05 Nov 1301 - 12 Apr 1302 French occupation
Jul 1313 - 28 Dec 1327 Occupied by Sicily
30 Aug 1404 - 09 Nov 1494 Pisa incorporated
20 Nov 1494 - 07 Apr 1498 Anti-Medici rebellion restors the 'popular republic'
01 Mar 1532 Ducato di Firenze (Duchy of Florence)
27 Aug 1569 Granducato di Toscana (Grand Duchy of Tuscany)
09 Jul 1737 Given to the Duke of Lorraine by Imperial decree;
Lorraine the incorporated into France while the House
of Habsburg inherits Tuscany
25 Mar 1799 French occupation
27 Mar 1799 Etruscan Republic
07 Jul 1799 Grand Duchy of Tuscany restored
02 Aug 1801 - 10 Dec 1807 Part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Etruria
10 Dec 1807 - 01 Feb 1814 Annexed by France
09 Jun 1815 Grand Duchy of Tuscany (restored)
08 Feb - 12 Apr 1849 Provisional republican government
11 May 1859 Administered by Piedmonte-Sardinia
22 Mar 1860 Incorporated into Piedmonte-Sardinia
17 Mar 1861 Part of united Italy
23 Oct 1861 Autonomy terminated
Government: Monarchy
Capital: Florence.
Language: Italian.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
Anthem: "La Leopolda".
Motto: Sotto una Fede et Legge un Signor solo. (Under one Faith and Law one Lord Only).
Currency: Tuscan fiorino (Tuscan Lira to 1826).
Margraves of Tuscany
797-810 Wicheramo
812-813 Bonifacio I
828-835 Bonifacio II
835-845 Agano
847-884 Adelberto I
886-915 Adelberto II
915-930 Guido
930-931 Lamberto I
931-936 Boso
936-961 Umberto
961-1001 Hugo
1001-1012 Bonifacio III
1014-1027 Rainier I
1027-1052 Canosso, Boniface IV
1052-1053 Canossa, Frederico I
1053-1076 Canossa, Beatrice I
1076-1115 Canossa, Mathilda I
1089-1095 Canossa, Guelf I
1120-1127 Canossa, Conrado I
1135-1139 Canossa, Enrico I
1139-1152 Canossa, Ulich I von Attems
1152-1167 Canossa, Guelf II
1167-1173 Canossa, Cristiano I
1195-1197 Canossa, Filippo I
1246 - 1250 Federico d'Antiochia
(imperial vicar)
Lords of Florence
1313-1322 d'Anjou, Roberto I
1325-1327 d'Anjou, Carlo I
1342-1343 de Brienne, Walter I
1382 - 1417 Maso degli Albizzi
1417 - 1434 Rinaldo degli Alizzi ...................... 1370-1442
1434 - 01 Aug 1464 di Medici, Cosimo I ....................... 1389-1464
01 Aug 1464 - 02 Dec 1469 di Medici, Piero I ........................ 1416-1469
02 Dec 1469 - 09 Apr 1492 di Medici ,Lorenzo I ...................... 1449-1492 "il Magnifico"
02 Dec 1469 - 26 Apr 1478 di Medici, Giuliano ....................... 1453-1478
(co-ruler)
09 Apr 1492 - 08 Nov 1494 di Medici, Piero di Cosimo II ............. 1472-1503
Gonfalonieri di giustizia
28 Nov 1494 - 23 May 1498 Girolamo Savonarola ....................... 1452-1498
01 Nov 1502 - 01 Sep 1512 Piero di Tommaso Soderino ................. 1452-1522
01 Sep - 14 Sep 1512 Giovanni Battista di Luigi Ridolfi ........ 1448-1514
Podesta
14 Sep 1512 - 10 Aug 1513 di Medici, Cardinal Giovanni .............. 1475-1521
(Pope Leo X, regent)
10 Aug 1513 - 04 May 1519 di Medici, Lorenzo II ..................... 1492-1519
04 May 1519 - 19 Nov 1523 di Medici, Cardinal Giulio ................ 1478-1534
(Pope Clement VII, regent)
19 Nov 1523 - 11 May 1527 Silvo di Rosado,
Cardinale di Passerini ................... 1469-1529
(regent)
30 Jul 1524 - 06 May 1527 di Medici, Cardinal Ippolito .............. 1511-1535
Supreme Rulers of Florence
06 Jul 1531 - 06 Jan 1537 Alessandro Lorenzo di Medici .............. 1510-1537
06 Jan - 09 Jan 1537 Innocenzo di Francesco,
Cardinale Cybo, arcivescovo
di Genova ................................ 1491-1550
(acting)
09 Jan - 20 Sep 1537 Cosimo di Giovanni Medici ................. 1519-1574
Duke of Florence
20 Sep 1537 - 18 Feb 1570 di Medici, Cosimo II ...................... s.a
Grand Dukes of Tuscany
18 Feb 1570 - 21 Apr 1574 di Medici, Cosimo II ...................... s.a
21 Apr 1574 - 19 Oct 1587 di Medici, Francesco I .................... 1541-1613
19 Oct 1587 - 07 Feb 1609 di Medici, Ferdinando I ................... 1549-1609
07 Feb 1609 - 28 Feb 1621 di Medici, Cosimo III ..................... 1590-1621
28 Feb 1621 - 23 May 1670 di Medici, Ferdinando II .................. 1610-1670
23 May 1670 - 31 Oct 1723 di Medici, Cosimo IV ...................... 1642-1723
31 Oct 1723 - 09 Jul 1737 di Medici, Gian Gastone ................... 1671-1737
09 Jul 1737 - 18 Aug 1765 Habsburg, Francesco II .................... 1708-1765
18 Aug 1765 - 22 Jul 1790 Habsburg, Pietro Leopoldo I ............... 1747-1792
22 Jul 1790 - 27 Mar 1799 Habsburg, Ferdinando III .................. 1769-1824
(1st Time)
07 Jul 1799 - 15 Oct 1800 Habsburg, Ferdinando III (2nd Time)
Kings of Etruria
21 Mar 1801 - 27 May 1803 Bourbon-Parma, Ludovico I ................. 1773-1803
27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Bourbon, Maria Luisa of Spain ............. 1782-1824
(Queen-regent)
27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Bourbon-Parma, Carlo Ludovico ............. 1799-1883
Grand Dukes of Tuscany
27 Apr 1814 - 18 Jun 1824 Habsburg, Ferdinando III
(3rd Time)
18 Jun 1824 - 21 Jul 1859 Habsburg, Leopoldo II ..................... 1797-1870
(in exiled 27 Mar - 12 Apr 1849)
27 Mar - 12 Apr 1849 Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi .............. 1804-1873
(Dictator [in rebellion])
21 Jul - 16 Aug 1859 Habsburg, Ferdinando IV ................... 1835-1908
Venezia
697 - 1204 Respublica Veneta (Republic of Venice), under Byzantine suzerainty
1143 Comune Venetiarum (Comune of Venice)
12 Aug 1204 - 27 Sep 1669 Crete a Venetian possession
20 May 1386 - 1797 Ionian Islands annexed
09 Jul 1409 Dalmatia annexed
07 Jun 1420 Costal Istria annexed to the Venetian Republic
13 Jul 1420 Duchy of Fiuli annxed
12 May 1462 Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia (Most Serene Republic of Venice)
14 May 1489 - 15 Aug 1571 Kingdom of Cyprus annexed
15 Aug 1571 Cyprus conquered by the Ottoman Empire
1685 - 1715 Morea occupied by Venice
03 Jun 1796 Start of Austrian and French occupation in violation
of Venitian neutrality
26 Apr 1797 - 18 Jan 1798 French occupation
16 May 1797 Repubic extinguished
18 Jan 1798 Ceded to Austria
26 Dec 1805 Ceded to French Empire
01 May 1806 Part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
08 Nov 1813 To Austria
22 Mar 1848 State of Venice (in rebellion), informally Republica di San Marco
04 Jul 1848 Venetia
27 Jul - 12 Aug 1848 Annexed to Piedmonte-Sardinia
11 Aug 1848 Stato di Venezia (State of Venice)
24 Aug 1849 - 23 Aug 1866 Part of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom (Part of Austrian Empire)
16 Oct 1866 French administration
22 Oct 1866 Ceded to Italy by France
Dogi Veneziani
697 - 717 Pauli Anafesto
717 - 726 Marcellus Tegalliano
726 - 737 Orso Ipato
737 Domenico Leone
738 Felice Cornicula
739 Diodato Orso (1st Time)
740 Jovian Ypatus
741 Giovanni Fabricous
742 - 755 Diodato Orso (2nd Time)
755 - 756 Gallas Lupanio
756 - 764 Domenico Monegario
764 - 787 Maurizio Galbaio
787 - 804 Giovanni Galbaio
804 - 810 Antenorero Obelerio
811 - 827 Angelo Partecipazio
827 - 829 Giustiniano Partecipazio
829 - 837 Giovanni I Partecipazio
837 - 864 Pietro Tradonico
864 - 881 Orso I Partecipazio
881 - 887 Giovanni II Partecipazio
Apr - 18 Sep 887 Pietro I Candiano
887 - 912 Pietro Tribuno
912 - 932 Orso II Partecipazio
932 - 939 Pietro II Candiano
939 - 942 Pietro Partecipazio
942 - 959 Pietro III Candiano
959 - 976 Pietro IV Candiano
976 - 01 Sep 978 Pietro I Orseolo
978 - 979 Vitale Candiano
979 - 991 Tribuno Memmo
991 - 1009 Pietro II Orseolo
1009 - 1026 Ottone Orseolo
1026 - 1030 Pietro Centranico
1031 Orso Orseolo
1032 Domenico Orseolo
1032 - 1043 Domenico Flabanico
1043 - 1071 Domenico Contarini
1071 - 1084 Domenico Selvo
1084 - 1096 Vitalis Falieri
1096 - 1102 Vitalis Michieli I
1102 - 1117 Ordelafo Faliere
1117 - 1130 Dominico Michieli
1130 - 1148 Pietro Polani
1148 - 1156 Dominico Morosini
1156 - 1173 Vitalis Michieli II
29 Nov 1172 - 28 Mar 1178 Sebastiano Ziani
17 Apr 1178 - 1192 Orio Malipiero
21 Jun 1192 - 01 Jun 1205 Aurio Dandolo
15 Aug 1205 - Feb 1229 Pietro Yiani
06 Mar 1229 - 02 May 1249 Jacobo Tiepoli
13 Jun 1249 - 01 Jan 1253 Marino Morosini
08 Jan 1253 - 07 Jul 1268 Rainiero Zeno
23 Jul 1268 - 15 Aug 1275 Lorenzo Tiepoli
06 Sep 1275 - 06 Mar 1280 Jacobo Contarini
31 Mar 1280 - 02 Nov 1289 Giovanni Dandolo
25 Nov 1289 - 13 Aug 1311 Pietro Granenigo
23 Aug 1311 - 03 Jul 1312 Marino Zorzi
13 Jul 1312 - 31 Dec 1328 Giovanni Sorenzo
04 Jan 1329 - 31 Oct 1339 Francesco Dandolo
07 Nov 1339 - 28 Dec 1342 Bartolomeo Granenigo
04 Jan 1343 - 07 Sep 1354 Andrea Dandolo
16 Sep 1354 - 17 Apr 1355 Marino Falieri
21 Apr 1355 - 08 Aug 1356 Giovanni Grandenigo
13 Aug 1356 - 12 Jul 1361 Giovanni Delfino
16 Jul 1361 - 18 Jul 1365 Lorenzo Celsi
21 Jul 1365 - 13 Jan 1368 Marco Cornaro
20 Jan 1368 - 05 Jun 1382 Andrea Contarini
10 Jun - 16 Oct 1382 Michael Morosini
21 Oct 1382 - 23 Nov 1400 Antonio Venieri
01 Dec 1400 - 26 Dec 1413 Michael Steno
07 Jan 1414 - 04 Apr 1423 Tommaso Mocenigo
04 Apr 1423 - 25 Oct 1457 Francesco Foscari
30 Oct 1457 - 07 Mar 1462 Paschalis Malipiero
12 Mar 1462 - 09 Nov 1471 Cristoforo Moro
09 Nov 1471 - 28 Jul 1473 Niccolo Trono
28 Jul 1473 - 01 Dec 1474 Niccolo Marcello
14 Dec 1474 - 23 Feb 1476 Pietro Mocenigo
05 Mar 1476 - 05 May 1478 Andrea Vendramini
18 May 1478 - 14 Sep 1485 Giovanni Mocenigo
19 Sep 1458 - 14 Aug 1486 Marco Barbadigo
30 Aug 1486 - 20 Sep 1501 Agostino Barbadigo
02 Oct 1501 - 21 Jun 1521 Leondardo Loredano
06 Jul 1521 - 07 May 1523 Antonio Grimani
20 May 1523 - 07 May 1538 Andrea Gritti
19 Jan 1539 - 09 Nov 1545 Pietro Lando
24 Nov 1545 - 23 May 1553 Francesco Donato
04 Jul 1553 - 31 May 1554 Marcantonio Trevigiano
11 Jun 1554 - 02 Jun 1556 Francesco Venieri
14 Jun 1556 - 17 Aug 1559 Lorenzo Priuli
01 Sep 1559 - 04 Nov 1567 Geronimo Priuli
04 Nov 1567 - 03 May 1570 Pietro Lorendano
May 1570 - 04 Jun 1577 Aloisio Mocenigo
11 Jun 1577 - 03 Mar 1578 Sebastiano Venieri
11 Mar 1578 - 30 Jun 1585 Niccolo da'Ponte
18 Aug 1585 - 02 Apr 1595 Pashalias Cicogna
26 Apr 1595 - 25 Dec 1605 Marino Grimani
10 Jan 1606 - 16 Jul 1612 Leonardo Donato
24 Jul 1612 - 31 Oct 1615 Marcantonio Memmo
02 Dec 1615 - 16 Mar 1618 Giovanni Bembo
04 Apr - 09 May 1618 Niccolo Donato
17 May 1618 - 12 Aug 1623 Antonio Priuli
12 Aug 1623 - 06 Dec 1624 Francesco Contarini (1st Time)
06 Dec 1624 - 23 Dec 1629 Giovanni Cornaro
18 Jan 1630 - 02 Apr 1631 Niccolo Contarini
10 Apr 1631 - 03 Jan 1646 Francesco Erizzo
20 Jan 1646 - 27 Feb 1655 Francesco Molino
27 Mar 1655 - 01 May 1656 Carlo Contarani
17 May - 05 Jun 1656 Francesco Contarini (2nd Time)
18 Jun 1656 - 29 Mar 1658 Bertuccio Falieri
08 Apr 1658 - 30 Sep 1659 Giovanni Pesaro
16 Oct 1659 - 26 Jan 1675 Dominico Contarani
06 Feb 1675 - 14 Aug 1676 Niccolo Sagredo
26 Aug 1676 - 15 Jan 1684 Aloisio Conarani
26 Jan 1684 - 23 Mar 1688 Marcantonio Giustiniani
03 Apr 1688 - 06 Jan 1694 Francesco Morosoni
25 Feb 1694 - 05 Jul 1700 Silvesto Valiero
16 Jul 1700 - 06 May 1709 Aloisio Marco Antonio Mocenigo II
06 May 1709 - 12 Aug 1722 Giovanni Cornaro
24 Aug 1722 - 21 May 1732 Aloisio Sebastiano Mocenigo III
02 Jun 1732 - 05 Jan 1735 Carlo Ruzzini
17 Jan 1735 - 17 Jun 1741 Alosio Pisani
30 Jun 1741 - 07 Mar 1752 Pietro Grimani
18 Mar 1752 - 19 May 1762 Francesco Loredano
31 May 1762 - 31 Mar 1763 Marco Foscarini
19 Apr 1763 - 31 Dec 1778 Aloisio Giovanni Mocenigo IV .............. 1701-1778
14 Jan 1779 - 13 Feb 1789 Paolo Rainiero ............................ 1710-1789
10 Mar 1789 - 16 May 1797 Lodovico Manini ........................... 1725-1803
Prince
1807 - 1814 de'Beauharnais, Eugène I Prince de'Venezia 1781-1824
Kings
07 Sep 1815 - 23 Aug 1866 The Emperors of Austria
Austrian Governors of Venetia
20 Apr 1814 - Jan 1815 Heinrich XI Fürst zu Reuss-Plauen
1815 - 1819 Peter Graf Goëss
1819 - 1820 Ferdinand Ernst Maria Graf
von Bissingen und Nippenburg
1820 - 1826 Karl Rudolph Graf Inzaghi
1826 - 1840 Johan Baptist Graf Spaur
1840 - 22 Mar 1848 Aloys Graf Pállfy de Erdöd
22 Mar - 1848 Ferdinand Graf Zichy zu Zich
von Vasonykeöy
Apr 1848 - 1849 Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath
Heads of State
12 Aug 1848 - 24 Aug 1849 Daniele Manin
- Leone Graziani
- Giovanni Battista Cavedalis
Austrian Governors of Venetia
28 Aug - Oct 1849 Karl Ritter Gorzowsky von Gorzkow
Oct 1849 - 22 Jul 1850 Anton Freiherr von Puchner
21 Jul 1850 - Feb 1855 Georg Otto Ritter von Toggenburg-Sargans
(1st Time)
Aug 1855 - 06 Feb 1860 Cajetan Graf Bissingen-Nippenburg
09 Feb 1860 - 19 Oct 1866 Georg Otto Ritter von Toggenburg-Sargans (2nd Time)