Dynasties, Ruling Houses and Lists of Monarchs

House of Bonaparte

Ruling house of France 1804-1814, 1815, 1852-1870.

Ruling house of Holland 1806-1810.

Ruling house of Italy 1805-1814.

Ruling house of Naples.

Ruling house of Spain 1808-1813.

Ruling house of Westphalia 1806-1814.

Emperor of the French 1804-1814, 1815, 1852-1870

King of Holland 1806-1810

King of Naples

King of Spain 1808-1813

King of Westphalia 1806-1814

Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves

Grand Duke of Tuscany

Prince of Elba

Prince of Lucca and Piombino

Prince-President of France 1848-1852

Co-Prince of Andorra 1804-1814, 1815, 1848-1870

First Consul of France 1799-1804.

House of Bourbon

Ruling house of France 1589-1792, 1814-1848 (Orleans branch 1830-48).

Ruling house of Luxembourg 1964-   (Bourbon-Parma branch).

Ruling house of Naples 1753-1806.

Ruling house of Spain 1700-1808, 1813-1868, 1875-1931, 1975- .

Ruling house of Sicily 1815-1860.

King of France and Navarre 1589-1789, 1814-1830.

King of the French 1789-92, 1830-1848.

King of Sicily 1815-1860.

King of Spain 1700-1808, 1813-1868, 1875-1931, 1975- .

Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Duke of Parma

Duke of Bourbon

House of Braganza

Ruling house of Brazil 1808-89

Ruling house of Portugal 1640-1910 (Wettin branch 1853-1910)

Emperor of Brazil 1822-1889

King of Brazil 1815-1822

King of Portugal and the Algarves 1640-1910

Duke of Braganza

House of Habsburg

Ruling House of Austria 13..-1919

Ruling House of Austria-Hungary 1804-1918

Ruling House of Bohemia 1526-1918

Ruling House of Croatia 1526-1918

Ruling House of Germany 1510-1806

Ruling House of Hungary 1526-1918

Ruling House of Mexico 1864-1867

Ruling House of Portugal 1580-1640

Ruling House of Spain 1516-1700

Holy Roman Emperor

Emperor of Austria 1804-1918

Emperor of Mexico 

King of Bohemia 1526-1918

King of Croatia 1526-1918

King of Galica 1772-1918

King of Hungary 1526-1918

King of Portugal 1580-1640

King of Serbia 1717-1739

King of Spain 1556-1700

Archduke of Austria

Grand Duke of Tuscany

Princely Count of Tirol

Count of Habsburg

President of the German Confederation 1815-1866

House of Hohenzollern

Ruling House of Germany 1871-1918

Ruling House of Prussia 1526-1918

Ruling House of Romania 1866-1947 (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen branch)

Ruling House of Brandenburg 1411-1806/1918

Ruling House of Courland 1918

Ruling House of Nuremberg 1192-1427

German Emperor 1871-1918

King of Prussia 1701-1918

King of Romania 1881-1947

King of the United States of America (proposed in 1786)

King of Ireland (proposed 1916-1918)

King of Georgia (proposed 1918)

Elector/Margrave of Brandenburg 1411-1806

Prince of Romania 1866-1881

Prince of Hohenzolern-Hechingen 1576-1849

Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1576-1849

Duke of Prussia 1525-1701

Duke of Courland 1918

Burgrave of Nuremberg 1192-1427

House of Karadjordjevic

Ruling house of Serbia 1804-13, 1842-58, 1903-1918, 1941-44.

Ruling house of Yugoslavia 1918-1945

King of Serbia

King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

King of Yugoslavia

Prince of Serbia

Supreme Leader of Serbia

House of Nassau

Ruling house of Great Britain 1689-1702 (Orange branch)

Ruling house of Ireland 1689-1702 (Orange branch)

Ruling house of the Netherlands 1589-1795, 1813-    .(Orange Branch)

Ruling house of Luxembourg 1815-1964 (Orange branch 1815-1890)

Ruling house of Nassau 1093-1866

King of England 1689-1702

King of Ireland 1689-1702

King/Queen of the Netherlands 1830-    . 

King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815-1830

King of Scotland 1689-1702

Grand Duke of Luxemburg 1815-1964

Duke of Limburg

Duke of Nassau

Prince of Nassau

Prince of the Netherlands

Prince of Orange

Count of Nassau

Stadtholder of the Netherlands (Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland)

House of Oldenburg

Ruling House of Denmark (1448- )  (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg branch from 1863)

Ruling House of Greece 1863-1974 (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg branch)

Ruling House of Iceland 1918-1944 (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg branch)

Ruling House of Norway 1450-1818, 1905-  (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg branch)

Ruling House of Russia 1762-1917 (Holstein-Gottorp branch)

Ruling House of Schleswig and Holstein 1474-1864

Ruling house of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2022- (Mountbatten-Windsor branch)

Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia

King of Denmark

King of the Hellens

King of Iceland

King of Norway

King of Poland

King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Commonewealth Realms

Grand Duke of Finland

Duke of Schleswig-Holstein

Prince of Wales

House of Savoy

Ruling House of Albania 1939-43

Ruling House of Croatia 1941-43

Ruling House of Ethiopia 1936-1941

Ruling House of Italy 1861-1946

Ruling House of Sardinia 1720-1861

Ruling House of Savoy 1003-1946

Ruling House of Sicily 1713-20

Ruling House of Spain 1870-73

Emperor of Ethiopia

King of Albania

King of Croatia

King of Italy

King of Sardinia

King of Sicily

King of Spain

Prince of Bosnia

Duke of Aosta

Duke of Savoy

Count of Savoy

House of Wettin

Ruling House of Belgium 1831-    (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch)

Ruling House of Bulgaria 1887-1946 (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Kohary branch)

Ruling House of Ireland 1921-1949 (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Windsor) branch)

Ruling House of Great Britain and Ireland 1901-1921 (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Windsor branch)

Ruling House of Poland 1697-1706, 1709-1764, 1807-1815

Ruling house of Portugal 1853-1910 (Wettin-Braganza branch)

Ruling House of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland 1901-2022 (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Windsor) branch)

Ruling House of Saxony 1464-1918

Emperor of India

King of Belgium

King of Bulgaria

King of Poland

King of Portugal

King of Saxony

King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain

Grand Duke of Lithuania

Prince of Bulgaria

Duke of Courland

Duke of Warsaw

Albania

1914-1925 William (d.1945)

1928-1939 Zogu I Alexander III

1939-1943 Victor Immanuel III (d.1947)

1943-1946 Zogu I Alexander III (d.1961)

Austria (Austria-Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia)

1526-1564 Ferdinand I

1564-1576 Maximilian I

1576-1611 Rudolf

1611-1619 Matthew

1617-1637 Ferdinand II

1637-1657 Ferdinand III

1647-1654 Ferdinand IV

1657-1705 Leopold I

1705-1711 Joseph I

1711-1740 Charles III

1740-1780 Mary Theresa

1780-1790 Joseph II

1790-1792 Leopold II

1792-1835 Francis I

1835-1848 Ferdinand V (d.1875)

1848-1916 Francis Joseph

1916-1918 Charles VI (d.1922)

Belgium

1831-1865 Leopold I

1865-1909 Leopold II

1909-1934 Albert I

1934-1951 Leopold III (d.1983)

1951-1993 Baldwin

1993-2013 Albert II (d.    )

2013-     Philipp

Bulgaria

1879-1886 Alexander (d.1893)

1887-1918 Ferdinand I (d.1948)

1918-1943 Boris III 

1943-1946 Simon II (d.    )

Denmark

1448-1481 Christian I

1481-1513 John

1513-1523 Christian II

1523-1533 Frederick I

1535-1559 Christian III

1559-1588 Frederick II

1588-1648 Christian IV

1648-1670 Frederick III

1670-1699 Christian V

1699-1730 Frederick IV

1730-1746 Christian VI

1746-1766 Frederick V

1766-1808 Christian VII

1808-1839 Frederick VI

1839-1848 Christian VIII

1848-1863 Frederick VII

1863-1906 Christian IX

1906-1912 Frederick VIII

1912-1947 Christian X

1947-1972 Frederick IX

1972-2024 Margaret II (d. )

2024-     Frederick X

England

1066-1087 William I

1087-1100 William II

1100-1135 Henry I

1135-1154 Steven

1154-1189 Henry II

1189-1199 Richard I

1199-1216 John

1216-1272 Henry III

1272-1307 Edward I

1307-1327 Edward II

1327-1377 Edward III

1377-1399 Richard II (d.1400)

1399-1413 Henry IV

1413-1422 Henry V

1422-1461 Henry VI

1461-1470 Edward IV

1470-1471 Henry VI

1471-1483 Edward IV

1483      Edward V (d.1485?)

1483-1485 Richard III

1485-1509 Henry VII

1509-1547 Henry VIII

1547-1553 Edward VI

1553-1558 Mary I

1558-1603 Elizabeth I

France

987-996 Hugh I

996-1031 Robert II

1031-1060 Henry I

1060-1108 Philipp I

1108-1137 Lewis VI

1137-1180 Lewis VII

1179-1223 Philipp II

1223-1226 Lewis VIII

1226-1270 Lewis IX

1270-1285 Philipp III

1285-1314 Philipp IV

1314-1316 Lewis X

1316      John I

1316-1322 Philipp V

1322-1328 Charles IV

1328-1350 Philipp VI

1350-1364 John II

1364-1380 Charles V

1380-1422 Charles VI

1422-1461 Charles VII

1461-1483 Lewis XI

1483-1498 Charles VIII

1498-1515 Lewis XII

1515-1547 Francis I

1547-1559 Henry II

1559-1560 Francis II

1560-1574 Charles IX

1574-1589 Henry III

1589-1610 Henry IV

1610-1643 Lewis XIII

1643-1715 Lewis XIV

1715-1774 Lewis XV

1774-1792 Lewis XVI (d.1793)

1799-1815 Napoleon I (d.1821)

1814-1815 Lewis XVIII (d.1824)

1815      Napoleon I (d.1821)

1815      Napoleon II (d.1832)

1815-1824 Lewis XVIII

1824-1830 Charles X (d.1836)

1830      Henry V (d.1883)

1830-1848 Lewis-Philip I (d.1850)

1848-1870 Napoleon III (d.1873)

Italy and Sardinia

1720-1730 Victor Amadeus II

1730-1773 Charles Immanuel III

1773-1796 Victor Amadeus III

1796-1802 Charles Immanuel IV

1802-1821 Victor Immanuel I

1821-1831 Charles I

1831-1849 Charles Albert II

1861-1878 Victor Immanuel II

1878-1900 Humbert I

1900-1946 Victor Immanuel III (d.1947)

1946      Humbert II (d.1983)

Georgia

1762-1798 Hercules II

1798-1801 George IX

Germany and Prussia

1701-1713 Frederick I

1713-1740 Frederick William I

1740-1786 Frederick II

1786-1797 Frederick William II

1797-1840 Frederick William III

1840-1861 Frederick William IV

1861-1888 William I

1888      Frederick III

1888-1918 William II (d.1941)

Greece

1832-1862 Otto (d.1867)

1863-1913 George I

1913-1917 Constantine I/XII

1917-1920 Alexander

1920-1922 Constantine I (d.1923)

1922-1947 George II

1947-1964 Paul I

1964-1974 Constantine II/XIII (d.2023)

Holy Roman Empire

1440-1493 Frederick III

1493-1519 Maximilian I

1519-1556 Charles V

1556-1564 Ferdinand I

1564-1576 Maximilian II

1576-1612 Rudolf II

1612-1619 Matthew II

1619-1637 Ferdinand II

1637-1657 Ferdinand III

1657-1705 Leopold I

1705-1711 Joseph I

1711-1740 Charles VI

1742-1745 Charles VII

1745-1765 Francis I

1765-1790 Joseph II

1790-1792 Leopold II

1792-1806 Francis II (d.1835)

Luxembourg

1890-1905 Adolph

1905-1912 William IV

1912-1919 Mary Adelaide (d.1924)

1919-1964 Charlotte (d.1985)

1964-2000 John (d.2019).

2000-     Henry

Montenegro

1697-1735 Daniel I

1735-1781 Sava II (d.1782)

1784-1830 Peter II

1830-1851 Peter III

1852-1860 Daniel II

1860-1918 Nicholas I (d.1921)

Netherlands

1813-1840 William I

1840-1849 William II

1849-1890 William III

1890-1948 Wilhelmina (d.1962)

1948-1980 Juliana (d.2004)

1980-2013 Beatrix (d.    )

2013-     William-Alexander

Norway

1814      Christian Frederick

1905-1957 Haakon VII

1957-1991 Olaf V

1991-     Harold V

Poland

1569-1572 Sigmund II

1574-1575 Henry I

1576-1586 Steven I

1587-1632 Sigmund III

1633-1648 Ladislaus VII

1649-1668 John II

1669-1673 Thomas II

1674-1696 John III

1697-1704 Augustus II

1705-1709 Stanislaus I

1709-1733 Augustus II

1733-1736 Stanislaus I (d.1766)

1736-1763 Augustus III

1764-1795 Stanislaus II (d.1798)

1807-1815 Frederick I (d.1827)

Portugal

1640-1656 John IV

1656-1683 Alfonso VI

1683-1706 Peter II

1706-1750 John V

1750-1777 Joseph I

1777-1816 Mary I

1777-1786 Peter III

1816-1826 John VI

1826-1828 Peter IV

1828-1834 Michael I (d.1866)

1834-1853 Mary II

1853-1861 Peter V

1861-1889 Lewis I

1889-1908 Charles I

1908-1910 Immanuel II (d.1932)

Romania

1861-1866 Alexander (d.1873)

1866-1914 Charles I

1914-1927 Ferdinand I

1927-1930 Michael I

1930-1940 Charles II (d.1953)

1940-1947 Michael I (d.2017)

Russia

1721-1725 Peter I

1725-1727 Catherine I

1727-1730 Peter II

1730-1740 Anne

1740-1741 John VI

1741-1761 Elizabeth II

1761-1762 Peter III

1762-1796 Catherine II

1796-1801 Paul I

1801-1825 Alexander I

1825-1855 Nicholas I

1855-1881 Alexander II

1881-1894 Alexander III

1894-1917 Nicholas II (d.1918)

1917      Michael II (d.1918)

Scotland

1034-1040 Duncan I

1040-1057 Macbeth

1057-1058 Lulach

1058-1093 Malcolm III

1093-1097 Donald III

1094      Duncan II

1097-1107 Edgar 

1107-1124 Alexander I

1124-1153 David I

1153-1165 Malcolm IV

1165-1214 William I

1214-1249 Alexander II

1249-1286 Alexander III

1286-1290 Margaret

1292-1296 John (d.1314)

1306-1329 Robert I

1329-1371 David II

1371-1390 Robert II

1390-1406 Robert III

1406-1437 James I

1437-1460 James II

1460-1488 James III

1488-1513 James IV

1513-1542 James V

1542-1567 Mary I (d.1587)

1567-1625 James VI

Serbia and Yugoslavia

1804-1813 George I (d.1817)

1817-1839 Milos I

1839      Milan II

1839-1842 Michael III

1842-1858 Alexander I (d.1885)

1858-1860 Milos II

1860-1868 Michael III

1868-1889 Milan IV/I (d.1901)

1889-1903 Alexander I

1903-1921 Peter I

1921-1934 Alexander I/II

1934-1945 Peter II (d.1970)

Sweden

1521-1560 Gustav I

1560-1569 Eric XIV

1569-1592 John III

1592-1599 Sigismund 

1604-1611 Charles III/IX

1611-1632 Gustav II Adolph

1632-1654 Christina

1654-1660 Charles IV/X

1660-1697 Charles V/XI

1697-1718 Charles VI/XII

1718-1720 Ulrica

1720-1751 Frederick

1751-1771 Adolph Frederick

1771-1792 Gustav III

1792-1809 Gustav IV Adolph

1809-1818 Charles VII/XIII

1818-1844 Charles VIII/XIV John

1844-1859 Oscar I

1859-1872 Charles IV/XV

1872-1907 Oscar II

1907-1950 Gustav V Adolph

1950-1973 Gustav VI Adolph

1973-     Charles V/XVI Gustav

Spain

1516-1556 Charles I

1556-1598 Philip II

1598-1621 Philip III

1621-1665 Philip IV

1665-1700 Charles II

1700-1724 Philip V (d.1746)

1724      Lewis I

1724-1746 Philip V

1746-1759 Ferdinand VI

1759-1788 Charles III

1788-1808 Charles IV (d.1819)

1808      Ferdinand VII

1808-1813 Joseph I (d.1844)

1813-1833 Ferdinand VII

1833-1868 Elizabeth II (d.1904)

1870-1873 Amadeus (d.1890)

1875-1885 Alfonso XII

1886-1931 Alfonso XIII (d.1941)

1975-2014 John Charles I (d.    )

2014-     Philip VI

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

1603-1625 James I/VI

1625-1649 Charles I

1660-1685 Charles II

1685-1689 James II/VII (d.1701)

1689-1694 Mary II

1689-1702 William III

1702-1714 Anne

1714-1727 George I

1727-1760 George II

1760-1820 George III

1820-1830 George IV

1830-1837 William VI

1837-1901 Victoria

1901-1910 Edward VII

1910-1936 George V

1936      Edward VIII (d.1972)

1936-1952 George VI

1952-2022 Elizabeth II

2022-     Charles III

Vatican/Papacy

1846-1878 Pious IX

1878-1903 Leon XIII

1903-1914 Pious X

1914-1922 Benedict XV

1922-1939 Pious XI

1939-1958 Pious XII

1958-1963 John XXIII

1963-1978 Paul VI

1978      John Paul I

1978-2005 John Paul II

2005-2013 Benedict XVI (d.2023)

2013-     Francis I

Timeline of accession of European Monarchs

1699 Frederick IV (Denmark)

1700 Philip V (Spain)

1701 Frederick I (Prussia)

1705 Stanislas I (Poland)

1706 John V (Portugal)

1707 Anne (Great Britain)

1709 Augustus II (Poland)

1713 Frederick William I (Prussia)

1714 George I (Great Britain)

1715 Lewis XV (France)

1720 Frederick I (Sweden)

1721 Peter I (Russia)

1724 Lewis I (Spain)

1725 Catherine I (Russia)

1727 George II (Great Britain)

1727 Peter II (Russia)

1730 Anne (Russia)

1730 Christian VI (Denmark)

1734 Augustus III (Poland)

1740 Frederick II (Prussia)

1740 John VII (Russia)

1740 Mary Theresa (Holy Roman Empire)

1741 Elizabeth (Russia)

1746 Frederick V (Denmark)

1746 Ferdinand VI (Spain)

1750 Joseph I (Portugal)

1751 Adolf Frederick (Sweden)

1759 Charles III (Spain)

1760 George III (Great Britain)

1761 Peter III (Russia)

1762 Catherine II (Russia)

1764 Stanislas II (Poland)

1766 Christian VII (Denmark)

1771 Gustav III (Sweden)

1774 Lewis XVI (France)

1777 Mary I (Portugal)

1786 Frederick William II

1788 Charles VI (Spain)

1790 Joseph II (Holy Roman Empire)

1792 Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)

1792 Gustav IV (Sweden)

1796 Paul I (Russia)

1797 Frederick William III

1801 Alexander I (Russia)

1804 Black George (Serbia)

1804 Napoleon I (France)

1804 Joseph (Austria)

1808 Joseph I (Spain)

1808 Frederick VI (Denmark)

1809 Charles XIII (Sweden)

1813 Ferdinand VII (Spain)

1813 William I (Netherlands)

1814 Lewis XVIII (France)

1815 Napoleon I (France)

1815 Napoleon II (France)

1815 Lewis XVIII (France)

1816 John VI (Portugal)

1817 Milos (Serbia)

1818 Charles XVI John (Sweden)

1820 George IV (Great Britain)

1824 Charles X (France)

1825 Nicholas I (Russia)

1826 Peter IV (Portugal)

1828 Michael I (Portugal)

1830 William IV (Great Britain)

1830 Lewis-Philip I (France)

1831 Leopold I (Belgium)

1832 Otto I (Greece)

1833 Elizabeth II (Spain)

1834 Mary II (Portugal)

1837 Victoria (Great Britain)

1839 Christian VIII

1840 Frederick William IV

1840 William II (Netherlands)

1844 Oscar I (Sweden)

1848 Frederick VII (Denmark)

1848 Francis Joseph (Austria-Hungary)

1849 William III (Netherlands)

1851 Napoleon III (France)

1853 Peter V (Portugal)

1855 Alexander II (Russia)

1859 Alexander I (Romania)

1860 Nicholas I (Montenegro)

1861 William I (Prussia)

1861 Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)

1861 Lewis I (Portugal)

1863 George I (Greece)

1863 Christian IX (Denmark)

1865 Leopold II (Belgium)

1866 Charles I (Romania)

1868 Milan I (Serbia)

1870 Amadeus (Spain)

1871 William I (Germany)

1872 Oscar II (Sweden-Norway)

1875 Alfonso XII (Spain)

1878 Humbert I (Italy)

1879 Alexander I (Bulgaria)

1881 Alexander III (Russia)

1886 Alfonso XIII (Spain)

1887 Ferdinand I (Bulgaria)

1888 Frederick III (Germany)

1888 William II (Germany)

1889 Alexander I (Serbia)

1889 Charles I (Portugal)

1890 Wilhelmina (Netherlands)

1890 Adolf (Luxemburg)

1894 Nicholas II (Russia)

1900 Victor Emmanuel III (Italy)

1901 Edward VII (Great Britain)

1903 Peter I (Serbia)

1905 William I (Luxemburg)

1905 Haakon VII (Norway)

1906 Frederick VIII (Denmark)

1907 Gustav (Sweden)

1908 Emmanuel II (Portugal)

1909 Albert I (Belgium)

1910 George V (Great Britain)

1912 Adelaide (Luxemburg)

1912 Christian X (Denmark)

1913 Constantine I (Greece)

1914 William (Albania)

1914 Ferdinand I (Romania)

1916 Charles (Austria-Hungary)

1917 Alexander (Greece)

1918 Boris III (Bulgaria)

1918 Peter I (Yugoslavia)

1919 Josephine (Luxemburg)

1921 Alexander I (Yugoslavia)

1922 George II (Greece)

1928 Zogu I (Albania)

1930 Charles II (Romania)

1934 Leopold III (Belgium)

1934 Peter II (Yugoslavia)

1936 Edward VIII (United Kingdom)

1936 George VI (United Kingdom

1940 Michael (Romania)

1943 Simon II (Bulgaria)

1946 Humbert II (Italy)

1947 Frederick VII (Denmark)

1947 Paul I (Greece)

1948 Juliana (Netherlands)

1949 Rainier III (Monaco)

1950 Gustav Adolf (Sweden)

1951 Baldwin (Belgium)

1952 Elizabeth II (United Kingdom)

1957 Olav (Norway)

1964 Constantine II (Greece) (deposed 1974)

1964 John (Luxemburg)

1972 Margaret II (Denmark)

1973 Charles XVI (Sweden)

1975 John Charles (Spain)

1980 Beatrix (Netherlands)

1989 John Adam II (Liechtenstein)

1991 Harold V (Norway)

1993 Albert II (Belgium)

2000 Henry (Luxemburg)

2005 Albert II (Monaco)

2013 William Alexander (Netherlands)

2013 Philip (Belgium)

2014 Philip VI (Spain)

2022 Charles III (United Kingdom)

2024 Frederick IX (Denmark)

Titular Monarchs

Albania

1925-1945 William I

1939-1961 Zog I

1961-2011 Leka I

2011-     Leka II

Austria (Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia)

1919-1922 Charles

1922-2011 Otto (1912-2011)

2011-     Charles von Habsburg

Bulgaria

1886-1893 Alexander

1946-     Simon II

France

Legitimist

1792-1793 Lewis XVI

1793-1795 Lewis XVII

1795-1814 Lewis XVIII (d.1824)

1830-1836 Charles X

1836-1844 Lewis (XIX), Duke of Angouleme

1844-1883 Henry (V), Count of Chambord

1883-1887 John (III), Count of Montizon

1887-1909 Charles, Duke of Madrid

1909-1931 James, Duke of Madrid

1931-1936 Charles, Duke of San Jaime

1936-1941 Alfonse XIII of Spain

1941-1975 James, Duke of Segovia

1975-1989 Alfonse, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz

1989-     Lewis (XX), Duke of Anjou

Georgia

1801-1819 David XII

1819-1826 Demitry III

1826-1842 Constantine III

1842-1895 John II

1895-1903 Konstantin IV

1903-1918 Alexander II

1918-1957 George XIII

1957-1977 Heracles III

1977-2008 George XIV

2008-     Heracles IV

Germany and Prussia

1918-1941 William II

1941-1951 William (III), Crown Prince of Germany (1882-1951)

1951-1994 Lewis Ferdinand (1907-1994)

1994-     George Frederick (1976- )

Greece

1862-1867 Otto I

1917-1920 Constantine I

1924-1935 George II

1973-2023 Constantine II

2023-     Paul (II), Crown Prince of Greece

Italy

1946-1983 Humbert II

1983-2024 Victor Immanuel, Prince of Naples

2006-2021 Amadeus, Duke of Aosta (disputed)

2021-     Aimone, Duke of Aosta (disputed)

2024-     Immanuel Filiberto (disputed)

Montenegro

1918-1921 Nicholas I

1921      Daniel (III)

1921-1986 Michael

1986-     Nicholas (II)

Portugal

1834-1866 Michael I

1866-1927 Michael (II), Duke of Braganza

1910-1932 Immanule II

1932-1976 Duarte (II) Nuno, Duke of Braganza

1976-     Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza

Romania

1866-1873 Alexander Cuza

1940-1953 Charles II

1947-2017 Michael I

2017-     Margaret, Custodian of the Crown

Russia

1917-1918 Michael II

1918-1929 Grand Duke Nicholas (III) Nikolayevich

1929-1938 Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich

1938-1992 Grand Duke Vladimir Kyrillovich

1992-     Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna

1992-2014 Prince Nicholas Romanovich

          (disputed, President of the Romanov Family Foundation)

2014-     Prince Demitry Romanovich of Russia

Serbia and Yugoslavia

1945-1970 Peter II

1970-     Crown Prince Alexander

Islamic Monarchies

Afghanistan

1881-1901 Abdur Rahman

1901-1919 Habibollah I

1919      Nasrullah

1919-1929 Ahmanollah (d.1960)

1929      Inayatollah (d.1946)

1929      Habibollah II

1929-1933 Muhammed Nadir

1933-1973 Muhammed Zahir (d.2007)

Egypt

1805-1849 Muhammed Ali

1848      Ibrahim

1849-1854 Abbas Hilmi I

1854-1863 Muhammed Said

1863-1879 Ismail (d.1895)

1879-1892 Muhammed Tawfiq

1892-1914 Abbas Hilmi II (d.1944)

1914-1917 Hussein

1917-1936 Fuad I

1936-1952 Faruq I (d.1965)

1952-1953 Fuad II (d.    )

Iran

1501-1524 Ismail I

1525-1576 Tahmasp I

1576-1577 Ismail II

1576-1587 Muhammed I

1587-1629 Abbas I

1629-1642 Safi

1642-1666 Abbas II

1666-1694 Suleiman I

1694-1722 Sultan Hussain

1722-1732 Tahmasp II

1732-1736 Abbas III

1749-1750 Suleiman II

1750-1773 Ismail III

1780-1786 Abu Muhammed (d.1794)

1786-1797 Muhammed II

1797-1834 Fath Ali

1834-1848 Muhammed III

1848-1896 Nasser

1896-1907 Musafar

1907-1909 Muhammed IV Ali

1909-1925 Sultan Ahmed (d.1930)

1925-1941 Reza (d.1944)

1941-1979 Muhammed V Reza (d.1980)

Iraq

1920-1933 Faysal I

1933-1939 Ghazi

1939-1958 Faysal II

Jordan

1921-1951 Abdullah I

1951-1952 Talal (d.1972)

1952-1999 Hussein

1999-     Abdullah II

Morocco

1666-1672 Ali I

1672      Muhammed I

1672-1727 Nassr

1727-1729 Ahmed

1729-1734 Abu Allah

1734-1736 Ali II

1736-1738 Muhammed II

1757-1790 Muhammed III

1792-1822 Sulayman

1822-1859 Abu al-Fadl

1859-1873 Muhammed IV

1873-1894 Hasan I

1894-1908 Abdalaziz

1908-1912 Abdal Hafiz

1912-1927 Yusuf

1927-1961 Muhammed V

1961-1999 Hasan II

1999-     Muhammed VI

Mughal Empire

1526-1530 Babur

1530-1556 Humayun

1556-1605 Akbar I

1605-1627 Jahangir

1627-1658 Shah-Jahan I

1658-1707 Alamgir I

1707-1712 Bahadur Shah I

1712-1713 Jahandar Shah

1713-1719 Farrukhsiya

1719      Rafi ud-Darajat

1719      Shah Jahan II

1719-1748 Muhammed Shah

1748-1754 Ahmad Shah Bahadur

1754-1759 Alamgir II

1759-1760 Shah Jahan III

1760-1806 Shah Alam II

1788      Shah Jahan IV

1806-1837 Akbar II

1837-1858 Bahadur Shah II (d.1862)

Oman

1784-1792 Hamad

1792-1804 Sultan

1804-1806 Salim I

1806-1856 Said

1856-1866 Thuwayni

1866-1868 Salim II

1868-1871 Azzan

1871-1888 Turki

1888-1913 Faysal

1913-1932 Taimur (d.1965)

1932-1970 Said III (d.1972)

1970-2020 Qabus

2020-     Haitham

Ottoman Empire

1299-1323 Uthman I

1323-1362 Orkhan

1362-1389 Mourad I

1389-1402 Bayezid I (d.1403)

1413-1421 Muhammed I

1421-1444 Mourad II

1444-1446 Muhammed II

1446-1451 Mourad II

1451-1481 Muhammed II

1481-1512 Bayezid II

1512-1520 Salim I

1520-1566 Suleiman I (Solomon I)

1566-1574 Salim II

1574-1595 Mourad III

1595-1603 Muhammed III

1603-1617 Ahmed I

1617-1618 Mustafa I

1618-1622 Uthman II

1622-1623 Mustafa I (d.1639)

1623-1640 Mourad IV

1640-1648 Ibrahim (Abraham)

1648-1687 Muhammed IV

1687-1691 Suleiman II (Solomon II)

1691-1695 Ahmed II

1695-1703 Mustafa III

1703-1730 Ahmed III

1730-1754 Mahmoud I

1754-1757 Uthman III

1757-1774 Mustafa III

1774-1789 Abdul Hamid I

1789-1807 Salim III

1807-1808 Mustafa IV

1808-1839 Mahmoud II

1839-1861 Abdulmejid I

1861-1876 Abdulaziz

1876      Mourad V (d.1904)

1876-1909 Abdul Hamid II (d.1918)

1909-1918 Muhammed V

1918-1920 Muhammed VI (d.1926)

Saudi Arabia

1932-1953 Ibn Saud

1952-1964 Saud (d.1969)

1964-1975 Faysal

1975-1982 Khalid

1982-2005 Fahd

2005-2015 Abdullah

2015-     Salman

Syria

1918-1920 Faysal (d.1933)

Yemen

1918-1948 Yahya

1948      Abdullah III

1948-1955 Ahmad IV

1955      Abdullah IV

1955-1962 Ahmad IV

1962-1970 Muhammed VIII (d.1996)

Zanzibar

1806-1856 Said

1856-1870 Majid

1870-1888 Bargash

1888-1890 Khalifa I

1890-1893 Ali I

1893-1896 Hamid

1896      Khalid (d.1927)

1896-1902 Hamud

1902-1911 Ali I (d.1918)

1911-1960 Khalifa II

1960-1963 Abdullah 

1963-1964 Jamshid (d.   )

Asian Monarchies

Americas

Brazil

1815-1816 Maria II

1816-1822 John VI (d.1826)

1822-1831 Peter I (d.1834)

1831-1889 Peter II (d.1891)

Haiti

1804-1806 Jacuques I 

1811-1820 Henry I

1849-1859 Faustin I (d.1867)

Mexico

1821-1823 Augustine I (d.1824)

1864-1867 Maximilian I

Polynesia

Fiji

1865-1874 Seru Epenisa Cakubau

Hawaii

1795-1819 Kamehameha I

1819-1824 Kamehameha II

1825-1854 Kamehameha III

1855-1863 Kamehameha IV

1863-1872 Kamehameha V

1873-1874 Lunalilo

1874-1891 Kalakaua

1891-1893 Lili'uokalani (d.1917)

Samoa

1880-1887 Malietoa Lalpepa

1887-1889 Tupua Tamasese Titiamaea

1889-1898 Malietoa Lalpepa

1898-1899 Malietoa Tanumafili I

1962-2007 Malietoa Tanumafili II

2007-2017 Tupa Tamasese

2017-     Sualauvi II

Tahiti

1791-1803 Pomare I

1803-1821 Pomare II

1821-1827 Pomare III

1827-1877 Pomare IV (Queen)

1877-1880 Pomare V (d.1891)

Tonga

1845-1893 Tupou I

1893-1918 Tupou II

1918-1965 Tupou III (Queen)

1965-2006 Tupou IV

2006-2012 Tupou V

2012-     Tupou VI