Moldova

Note: Modern Moldova is the Northeastern portion of the former Romanian principality of Maldavia

(also called Moldova in Romanian). Historically this region was known as Bessarabia, the territory between the rivers Prut and Transnistria. The Russian Empire annexed the area North of the Prut in

1812 where until 1917 it was the province of Bessarabia in the Russian Empire. Romania annexed the

area in 1918, however the Soviet Union later established a Maldavian autonomous area north of the

Transnistria river. This area was within Soviet Ukraine, was majority Slavic and had never belonged to Bessarabia. When the Soviet Union annexed Bessarabia in 1940 the entire area including

the former Soviet Maldavia north of the Transnistria became the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (the coastal area of Budjak which had a Slavic majority was transfered to Soviet Ukraine). Upon independence after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 the area north of the Transnistria became the de facto independent but unrecognised state of Transnistria.

Part of Roman Empire

Part of Dacia

Part of Kingdom of the Ghepids

c. 1300                   Part of Moldavia

14 Jul 1484               Annexed by Ottoman Empire

   Oct 1788               Principality of Moldova occupied by Russia

   Mar 1792               Jedisan ceded to Russia by the Ottomans by Treaty of Iasi

28 May 1812               Bessarabia annexed by Russian Empire

29 Apr 1818               Bessarabia an oblast of the Russian Empire

15 Dec 1917 - 09 Apr 1918 Democratic Republic of Moldavia

09 Apr 1918 - 28 Jun 1940 Incorporated in to the Kingdom of Rumania

28 Jun 1940               Bessarabia annexed by the Soviet Union

02 Aug 1940               Accession to the U.S.S.R

16 Jul 1941 - 24 Aug 1944 Re-incorporated in to Rumania

24 Aug 1944 - 31 Dec 1991 Annexed by U.S.S.R, Moldavian S.SR.

15 Sep 1947               Rumania recognises Soviet sovereignty over Bessarabia

23 Jun 1990               Declaration of State Sovereignty

02 Sep 1990               Transdinistria declares independence (not recognised)

23 May 1991               Republic of Moldova

27 Aug 1991               Independence declared, effective 31 Dec 1991

07 Mar 1994               Referendum rejects union with Romania

Presidents of the National Diet

04 Dec 1917 - 12 Apr 1918 Ion Constantin Inculet ............................ 1884-1940

12 Apr      - 08 Dec 1918 Constantin Gherghe Stere .......................... 1865-1936

08 Dec      - 10 Dec 1918 Pantelimon Nicolae Halippa ........................ 1883-1979

Presidents

03 Sep 1990 - 15 Jan 1997 Mircea Ion Snegur ................................. 1940-2023

15 Jan 1997 - 07 Apr 2001 Petru Chiril Lucinschi ............................ 1940-

07 Apr 2001 - 11 Sep 2009 Vladimir Nicolae Voronin .......................... 1941-

11 Sep 2009 - 30 Dec 2010 Mihai Ghimpu ...................................... 1951-

                          (acting)

30 Dec 2010 - 23 Mar 2012 Marian Lupu ....................................... 1966-

                          (acting)

23 Mar 2012 - 23 Dec 2016 Nicolae Vasile Timofti ............................ 1948-

23 Dec 2016 - 24 Dec 2020 Igor Dodon ........................................ 1975-

24 Dec 2020 -             Maia Sandu ........................................ 1977-

Chairmen of the General Directory

04 Dec 1917 - 01 Feb 1918 Pantelimon Vasile Erhan ........................... 1884-1971

01 Feb      - 09 Apr 1918 Daniel Alexandru Ciuhureanu ....................... 1885-1950

09 Apr      - 10 Dec 1918 Petru Cazacu ...................................... 1873-1956

Prime Ministers

26 May 1990 - 28 May 1991 Mircea Gheorghe Druc .............................. 1941-

28 May 1991 - 01 Jul 1992 Valeriu Tudor Muravschi ........................... 1949-2020

01 Jul 1992 - 24 Jan 1997 Andrei Sangheli ................................... 1944-

24 Jan 1997 - 12 Mar 1999 Ion Ciubuc ........................................ 1943-2018

12 Mar      - 21 Dec 1999 Ion Struza ........................................ 1960-

21 Dec 1999 - 19 Apr 2001 Dumitru Braghis ................................... 1957-

19 Apr 2001 - 31 Mar 2008 Vasile Petru Tarlev ............................... 1963-

31 Mar 2008 - 14 Sep 2009 Zinaida Greceanîi ................................. 1956-

14 Sep      - 25 Sep 2009 Vitalie Pîrlog .................................... 1974-

                          (acting)

25 Sep 2009 - 25 Apr 2013 Vladimir Filat .................................... 1969-

25 Apr 2013 - 18 Feb 2015 Iurie Leancǎ ...................................... 1963-

18 Feb      - 22 Jun 2015 Kiril Gaburich .................................... 1976-

22 Jun      - 30 Jul 2015 Natalia Gherman ................................... 1969-

                          (acting)

30 Jul      - 30 Oct 2015 Valeriu Strelet ................................... 1970-

30 Oct 2015 - 20 Jan 2016 Gheorghe Brega .................................... 1951-

20 Jan 2016 - 14 Jun 2019 Pavel Filip ....................................... 1966-

                          (Declared acting president by the Constitutional

                           Court from 09 Jun 2019)

09 Jun      - 14 Nov 2019 Maia Sandu ........................................ s.a

                          (not recognised by the Constitutional Court until 15 Jun 2019)

14 Nov 2019 - 31 Dec 2020 Ion Chicu ......................................... 1972-

01 Jan      - 06 Aug 2021 Aureliu Ciocoi .................................... 1968-

                          (acting)

06 Aug 2021 - 16 Feb 2023 Natalia Gavrilita ................................. 1977-

16 Feb 2023 -             Dorin Recean ...................................... 1974-

Pridnestrovian Moldovian Republic (Transnistria)

       1792               Russians found Tiraspol

17 Apr 1919               Soviet occupation

11 May 1919               Bessarabian Socialist Soviet Republic (part of Russia)

08 Aug 1919 - 12 Feb 1920 Occupied by White Russian forces

12 Feb 1920               Incorporated into Ukraine

11 Oct 1924 - 01 Aug 1940 Maldovian ASSR established within Ukrainian SSR

02 Aug 1940               Incorporated into Moldovian SSR annexed from Romania

18 Oct 1941 - 10 Apr 1944 Annexed to Romania

02 Sep 1990               Separation declared from Moldovian SSR but not USSR

08 Dec 1990               Declaration of state soveveignty

25 Aug 1991               Independence declared (not recognised)

05 Nov 1995               Transnistrian Moldovian Republic

17 Sep 2006               Referendum supports independence from Moldova with 97%

Capital: Tiraspol.

Language: Russian, Romanian, Ukrainian.

National Anthem: "My Slavim tjebja, Pridnestrovje" (We Glorify You, Transnistria).

National Day: Independence Day, 2nd September (1990).

Currency: Transnistrian Rubel.

Presidents

02 Sep 1990 - 30 Dec 2011 Igor Nikolayevich Smirnov ......................... 1941-

                          (Chairman of the Republic to 03 Dec 1991)

29 Aug      - 01 Oct 1991 Andrey Panteleyevich Manoylov ..................... 1945-1995

                          (acting for inprisoned Smirnov)

30 Dec 2011 - 16 Dec 2016 Evgen Vasylovych Shevchuk ......................... 1968-

16 Dec 2016 -             Vadim Nikolayevich Krasnosel'skii ................. 1970-

Prime Minister

18 Jan 2012 - 10 Jul 2013 Pyotr Petrovich Stepanov .......................... 1959-

10 Jul 2013 - 02 Dec 2015 Tetyana Mihaylivna Turanska ....................... 1972-

02 Dec      - 23 Dec 2015 Maia Ivanovna Parnas .............................. 1974-

                          (acting from 13 Oct 2015)

23 Dec 2015 - 17 Dec 2016 Pavel Nikolayevich Prokudin ....................... 1966-

17 Dec 2016 - 27 May 2022 Aleksandr Vladimirovich Martynov .................. 1981-

27 May      - 30 May 2022 Stanislav Mikhailovich Kasap ...................... 1983-

                          (acting)

30 May 2022 -             Aleksandr Nikolayevich Rosenberg .................. 1967-

Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet

25 Nov 1990 - 30 Jan 1991 Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gonchar ................... 1944-

30 Jan 1991 - 21 Dec 2005 Grigore Stepanovici Mǎrǎcutǎ ....................... 1942-

28 Dec 2005 - 08 Jul 2009 Yevgen Vasylovych Shevchuk ........................ s.a

22 Jul 2009 - 13 Jun 2012 Anatolii Volodymyrovych Kaminskii ................. 1950-

13 Jun 2012 -             Mikhail Porfirovich Burla ......................... 1957-

Gagauzia