Canada
c. 1000 - 11.. Norse settlement in Vinland
24 Jul 1534 St. Laurence River region claimed for France
as Nouvelle-France
29 Sep 1668 Hudson bay claimed for England
10 Feb 1763 New France ceded to Great Britain by France
1783 - 1867 Part of British North America
1812 - 1814 Invasion by the U.S repelled by the British
05 Feb 1841 Province of Canada
01 Jul 1867 Confederation of Canada (unification of East Canada,
West Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as the
Dominion of Canada
15 Jul 1870 Manitoba and Rupert's Land join the confederation
20 Jul 1871 British Columbia joins the confederation
01 Jul 1873 Prince Edward Island joins the confederation
13 Jun 1898 Yukon Territory becomes a province of Canada
01 Sep 1905 Alberta and Saskatchewan separated from the Northern Territories
1907 British North America dissolved
11 Dec 1931 Statute of Westminster grants full sovereignty
01 Apr 1949 British colony of Newfoundland acceeds to Canada
1967 Use of the term "Dominion" abandoned
17 Apr 1982 Canada (only legal name)
Government: Constitutional federal Monarchy.
Capital: Ottowa.
Language: English, French, Ukrainian, Inuktitut, Inuinaqtun, Cree, Dene,
Suline, Gwich'in, Inuvialuktun, Slavey, Dogrib.
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Islam, Buddhist.
National Anthem: "O'Canada".
National Emblem: Mayple Leaf.
National Motto: A mari usque ad mare (From sea to sea).
National Holiday: Canada Day, 01 July (1867).
Currency: Canadian Dollar.
Governors-General
01 Jul 1867 - 02 Feb 1869 Charles Stanley, viscount Monck ...................... 1819-1894
02 Feb 1869 - 25 Jun 1872 Lord John Young, Baron Lisgar ........................ 1807-1876
25 Jun 1872 - 19 Oct 1878 Frederick Tempel Hamilton Blackwood,
Marquess of Dufferin ................................ 1826-1902
25 Nov 1878 - 23 Oct 1883 Lord John Douglas Stutherland Campell,
Duke of Argyll, Marquess of Lorne ................... 1845-1914
23 Oct 1883 - 10 Jul 1888 Henry Charles Keith Pretty FitzMaurice,
Marquess of Landsdown ............................... 1845-1927
11 Jul 1888 - 18 Sep 1893 Lord Frederick Arthur Stanly,
Earl of Derby ....................................... 1841-1908
18 Sep 1893 - 12 Nov 1898 John Cambell Hamilton Gordan,
Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair ..................... 1847-1934
12 Nov 1898 - 10 Dec 1904 Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound, Earl of Minto ...... 1845-1914
10 Dec 1904 - 13 Oct 1911 Albert Henry George Grey, Earl Grey .................. 1851-1917
13 Oct 1911 - 11 Nov 1916 Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert,
Duke of Connaught and Strathearn .................... 1850-1942
11 Nov 1916 - 11 Aug 1921 Victur Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire ................. 1868-1938
11 Aug 1921 - 02 Oct 1926 Lord Julian Hedworth George Bying, Viscount of Vimy .. 1862-1935
02 Oct 1926 - 04 Apr 1931 George Freeman Thomas, Marquess of Willingdon ........ 1866-1941
04 Apr 1931 - 02 Nov 1935 Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, Earl of Bessborough .......... 1880-1956
02 Nov 1935 - 11 Feb 1940 Lord John Buchan, Baron of Tweedsmuir ................ 1875-1940
21 Jun 1940 - 12 Apr 1946 Prince Alexander August Friedrich Wilhelm Alfred
Georg von Teck, Earl of Athlone ..................... 1874-1957
12 Apr 1946 - 28 Jan 1952 Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander,
Viscount of Tunis ................................... 1891-1969
28 Jan 1952 - 15 Sep 1959 Charles Vincent Massey ............................... 1887-1967
15 Sep 1959 - 05 Mar 1967 Georges Phileas Vanier ............................... 1888-1967
17 Apr 1967 - 14 Jan 1974 Daniel Roland Michener ............................... 1900-1991
14 Jan 1974 - 22 Jan 1979 Jules Léger .......................................... 1913-1980
22 Jan 1979 - 14 May 1984 Edward Richard Schreyer .............................. 1935-
14 May 1984 - 29 Jan 1990 Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé ................................ 1922-1993
29 Jan 1990 - 08 Feb 1995 Ramon John Hnatyshyn ................................. 1934-2002
08 Feb 1995 - 07 Oct 1999 Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc ................................. 1927-2009
07 Oct 1999 - 27 Sep 2005 Adrienne Louise Chee Clackson ........................ 1939-
27 Sep 2005 - 01 Oct 2010 Michaëlle Jean Lafond ................................ 1957-
01 Oct 2010 - 02 Oct 2017 David Lloyd Johnstone ................................ 1941-
02 Oct 2017 - 21 Jan 2021 Julie Payette ........................................ 1963-
21 Jan - 26 Jul 2021 Richard Wagner ....................................... 1957-
(administrator)
26 Jul 2021 - Mary Jeannie May Simon ............................... 1947-
Prime Ministers
01 Jul 1867 - 07 Nov 1873 Sir John Alexander MacDonald (1st Time) .............. 1815-1891
07 Nov 1873 - 17 Oct 1878 Alexander MacKenzie .................................. 1822-1892
17 Oct 1878 - 16 Jun 1891 Sir John Alexander MacDonald (2nd Time)
16 Jun 1891 - 05 Dec 1892 Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbot ....................... 1821-1893
05 Dec 1892 - 12 Dec 1894 Sir John Sparrow David Thompson ...................... 1844-1894
21 Dec 1894 - 01 May 1896 Sir MacKenzie Bowell ................................. 1823-1917
01 May - 11 Jul 1896 Sir Charles Tupper ................................... 1821-1915
11 Jul 1896 - 10 Oct 1911 Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier .................... 1841-1919
10 Oct 1911 - 10 Jul 1920 Sir Robert Laired Borden ............................. 1854-1937
10 Jul 1920 - 29 Dec 1921 Arthur Meighen (1st Time) ............................ 1874-1960
29 Dec 1921 - 28 Jun 1926 William Lyon MacKenzie King (1st Time) ............... 1874-1950
28 Jun - 25 Sep 1926 Arthur Meighen (2nd Time)
25 Sep 1926 - 07 Aug 1930 William Lyon MacKenzie King (2nd Time)
07 Aug 1930 - 23 Oct 1935 Viscount Richard Bedford Bennett ..................... 1870-1947
23 Oct 1935 - 15 Nov 1948 William Lyon MacKenzie King (3rd Time)
15 Nov 1948 - 21 Jun 1957 Louis Stephen Saint Laurent .......................... 1882-1973
21 Jun 1957 - 22 Apr 1963 John George Diefenbaker .............................. 1895-1979
22 Apr 1963 - 20 Apr 1968 Lester Bowles Pearson ................................ 1897-1972 LP
20 Apr 1968 - 04 Jun 1979 Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau .......... 1919-2000 LP
(1st Time)
04 Jun 1979 - 03 Mar 1980 Charles Joseph Clark ................................. 1939- CP
03 Mar 1980 - 30 Jun 1984 Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (2nd Time)
30 Jun - 17 Sep 1984 John Napier Wyndham Turner ........................... 1929-2020 LP
17 Sep 1984 - 25 Jun 1993 Martin Brian Mulroney ................................ 1939-2024 CP
25 Jun - 04 Nov 1993 Avril "Kim" Phaedra Campbell ......................... 1947- CP
04 Jun 1993 - 12 Dec 2003 Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien ......................... 1934- LP
12 Dec 2003 - 06 Feb 2006 Paul Edgar Philippe Martin ........................... 1938- LP
06 Feb 2006 - 04 Nov 2015 Stephan Joseph Harper ................................ 1959- CP
04 Nov 2015 - Justin Pierre Trudeau ................................ 1971- LP
BQ=Bloc Québécois (Bloc Quebec, Quebec Nationalist, Socialist)
CP=Conservative Party (Neoconservative, Conservative)
G=Green Party (Enviromentalist, Left-wing)
LP=Liberal Party (Liberal, Centerist)
NDP=New Democracy Party (Social Democratic)
Newfoundland
c.1000 - 11.. Norse settlement of Vinland
24 Jun 1497 Claimed for England
10 Feb 1763 Labrador ceded to Britain by France
17 Jun 1824 - 26 Sep 1907 Newfoundland a Crown Colony
05 May 1855 Responsible government granted
26 Sep 1907 Dominion status
18 Dec 1933 Constitution suspended
30 Jan 1934 - 31 Mar 1949 Colonial rule restored
01 Apr 1949 Incorporated into Canada as a province
Rulers of Vinland
1000 - 1010 Leif Eiriksson "The Lucky"
1010 - 1015 Thorfinn Karseffni
1015 - 1017 Freydis Eiriksdottir
1015 - 1017 Helgi
1017 - 1020 Finnbogi
1110 - 11.. Eirik Gnupasson
1340 Paul Knutsson
1397 - 1400 Henry Sinclair
Governors
1855 - 1857 Charles Henry Darling
1857 - 1864 Sir Alexander Bannerman
- Apr 1864 Laurence O'Brien (acting)
Apr 1864 - Jun 1869 Sir Anthony Musgrave
Jul 1869 - 1876 Sir Stephan John Hill
30 Apr 1876 - 1881 Sir John Hawley Glover (1st time)
1881 Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter
(1st time, acting)
1881 - 10 Sep 1883 Sir Henry Fitzhardinge Berkeley Maxse
10 Sep 1883 - Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter
(2nd time, acting)
1883 - 30 Sep 1885 Sir John Hawley Glover (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Sep 1885 - 1886 Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter
(3rd time, acting)
1886 - Jan 1887 Sir George William Des Voeux
Jan 1887 - 1889 Sir Henry Arthur Blake
1889 Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter
(4th time, acting)
1889 - 1895 Sir John Terence Nicolls O'Brien
1895 - 1898 Sir Herbert Harley Murray
1898 - 1901 Sir Henry Edward McCallum
1901 - 1904 Sir Cavendish Boyle
1904 Sir William Henry Horwood
(1st time, acting)
1904 - 1909 Sir William MacGregor ................................ 1846-1919
1909 Sir William Henry Horwood
(2nd time, acting)
1909 - Dec 1913 Sir Ralph Champneys Williams ......................... 1848-1927
Dec 1913 - Oct 1917 Sir Walter Edward Davidson ........................... 1859-1923
Dec 1917 - Sep 1922 Sir Charles Alexander Harris ......................... 1855-1947
Sep 1922 - Oct 1928 Sir William Lamond Allardyce ......................... 1861-1930
Oct 1928 - Sep 1932 Sir John Middleton ................................... 1870-1954
1933 - Oct 1935 Sir David Murray Anderson ............................ 1874-1936
Feb 1936 - 16 Jan 1946 Sir Humphrey Thomas Walwyn ........................... 1879-1957
16 Jan 1946 - 31 Mar 1949 Sir Gordon MacDonald ................................. 1885-1966
Premiers
07 May 1855 - 1858 Philip Francis Little ................................ 1824-1897
1858 - Mar 1861 John Kent ............................................ 1805-1872
Mar 1861 - Apr 1865 Sir Hugh William Hoyles .............................. 1815-1888
Apr 1865 - Nov 1869 Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter (1st Time)
Nov 1869 - 31 Jan 1874 Charles Fox Bennett .................................. 1793-1883
31 Jan 1874 - Apr 1878 Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter (2nd Time)
Apr 1878 - Oct 1885 Sir William Vallance Whiteway ........................ 1828-1908
(1st Time)
Oct 1885 - Dec 1889 Sir Robert Thornburn ................................. 1836-1906
Dec 1889 - 11 Apr 1894 Sir William Vallance Whiteway (2nd Time)
11 Apr 1894 - 13 Dec 1894 Augustus Frederick Goodridge ......................... 1839-1920
13 Dec 1894 - 08 Feb 1895 Daniel J. Greene ..................................... 1850-1911
08 Feb 1895 - Oct 1897 Sir William Vallance Whiteway (3rd Time)
Oct 1897 - 06 Mar 1900 Sir James Spearman Winter ............................ 1845-1911
06 Mar 1900 - 02 Mar 1909 Sir Robert Bond ...................................... 1857-1927
Prime ministers
02 Mar 1909 - 31 Dec 1917 Sir Edward Patrick Morris ............................ 1858-1935
01 Jan 1918 - 22 May 1919 Sir William Frederick Lloyd .......................... 1864-1937
22 May 1919 - 17 Nov 1919 Sir Michael Patrick Cashin ........................... 1864-1926
17 Nov 1919 - 24 Jul 1923 Sir Richard Anderson Squires (1st Time) .............. 1880-1940
24 Jul 1923 - 10 May 1924 William Robertson Warren ............................. 1879-1927
10 May 1924 - 09 Jun 1924 Albert Edgar Hickman ................................. 1875-1943
09 Jun 1924 - Aug 1928 Walter Stanley Monroe ................................ 1871-1952
Aug 1928 - 17 Nov 1928 Frederick Charles Alderdice (1st Time)................ 1872-1936
17 Nov 1928 - Jun 1932 Sir Richard Anderson Squires (2nd Time)
Jun 1932 - 30 Jan 1934 Frederick Charles Alderdice (2nd Time)
Chairmen of Commission Government
30 Jan 1934 - 30 Oct 1936 Sir David Murray Anderson ............................ 1874-1936
30 Oct 1936 - 1946 Sir Humphrey Thomas Walwyn ........................... 1879-1957
1946 - 31 Mar 1949 Gordon Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor ...... 1888-1966
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