Ayiti / Haïti (Haiti)
06 Dec 1492 Island of Hispañiola claimed for Aragon and Castille
1631 - 1641 English colony on Tortuga
1651 - 1664 Tortuga island a possession of the Knights of Malta
1664 French colony of Île de la Tortue et Côte de Saint-Domingue
20 Sep 1697 Spain recognises French possession of eastern Hispaniola
by the Treaty of Ryswick, the eastern French half
is named Saint-Domingue
19 Sep 1793 - 02 Oct 1798 British occupation
26 Jan 1801 - 13 Dec 1808 Spanish Santo-Domingo annexed
01 Jan 1804 Independence from France
08 Oct 1804 Kingdom of Haiti (North Haiti)
28 Dec 1804 Republic of Haiti (South Haiti)
17 Oct 1806 State of Haiti
27 Dec 1806 - 26 Oct 1820 Divided into competing North and South regimes
28 Mar 1811 Royaume d'Haïti/Ini an Ayiti (Kingdom of Haiti)
09 Feb 1822 - 27 Feb 1844 Santo-Domingo annexed
17 Apr 1825 Independence recognised by France
26 Aug 1849 Empire of Haiti
23 Dec 1858 République d'Haïti Creole: Repiblik Ayiti (Republic of Haiti)
26 Jan - 19 Oct 1914 U.S. Occupation
28 Jul 1915 - 15 Aug 1934 U.S. Occupation
28 Jul 1934 - 1936 U.S. Protectorate
16 Sep 1994 - Jan 1995 U.S. Occupation
24 Feb - 30 Jun 2004 U.S. Occupation
01 Jun 2004 - 16 Oct 2017 U.N. force deployed
Haiti
Emperor
01 Jan 1804 - 17 Oct 1806 Dessalines, Jean Jacques I ................. 1758-1806
(Governor-general to 08 Oct 1804)
King
28 Mar 1811 - 08 Oct 1820 Christophe, Henri I ........................ 1767-1820
(in North Haiti)
Emperor
26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859 Soulouque, Faustin I Éli ................... 1782-1867
North Haiti
27 Dec 1806 - 26 Oct 1820 Haiti devided into North and South regimes
17 Feb 1807 State of Haiti
28 Mar 1811 Kingdom of Haiti
08 Oct 1820 Incorporated into Haiti
25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 République du Nord (Republic of the North)
27 Nov 1888 - 09 Oct 1889 République Septentrionale d'Haïti (Republic of Northern Haiti)
Head of State (President and Generalissimo)
17 Oct 1806 - 28 Mar 1811 Henri Christophe ........................... 1767-1820
Provisional President
25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Sagete ............... 1810-1880
President of the Provisional Government
27 Nov 1888 - 09 Oct 1889 Louis Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite .......... 1827-1896
South Haiti
27 Dec 1806 - 26 Oct 1820 Haiti divided into rival North and South regimes
08 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Southern State of Haiti in secession
Presidents
28 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807 Henri Christophe ........................... 1767-1820
(did not accept)
19 Jan - 10 Mar 1807 Bruno Blanchet aîné ........................ 1760-1822
10 Mar 1807 - 29 Mar 1818 Anne-Alexandre "Papa Bon Coeur" Sabès,
dit Pétion ................................ 1770-1818
29 Mar 1818 - 26 Oct 1820 Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais ................. 1776-1843
08 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Michel Domingue ............................ 1813-1877
________________________________________________________________________________
Department of the South
03 Nov 1810 - 20 Mar 1812 Secession, department of the South
20 Mar 1820 Reincorporated into Southern Haiti
Presidents of the Council
03 Nov 1810 - 18 Sep 1811 Benoît Joseph André Rigaud ................. 1761-1811
21 Sep 1811 - 20 Mar 1812 Jérôme Maximilien Borgella ................. 1773-1844
Republic of Haiti
Presidents
26 Oct 1820 - 14 Mar 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais ................. s.a
14 Mar - 17 Mar 1843 André Pilié
(provisional)
19 Mar - 21 Mar 1843 Jean-Joseph Dieudonné Mil
(In Porte-au-Prince)
21 Mar - 04 Apr 1843 Charles Hérard aîné, dit Rivière ........... 1787-1850
(1st Time)
04 Apr 1843 - 04 Jan 1844 Provisional Government
- Jean-Chrysostôme Imbert
- Jean-Auguste Voltaire ...................... 1761-1843
- Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier
- Victorin Nolasque Segrétier
03 May 1844 - 15 Apr 1845 Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier ....... 17..-1846 Mil
20 Apr 1845 - 01 Mar 1846 Jean-Louis Michel Pierrot .................. 1765-1857 Mil
01 Mar 1846 - 27 Feb 1847 Jean-Baptiste Riché ........................ 1776-1847 Mil
02 Mar 1847 - 26 Aug 1849 Faustin Éli Soulouque ...................... 1782-1867 Mil
15 Jan 1859 - 13 Mar 1867 Fabre Nicolas Guillaume Geffrard ........... 1806-1879 Mil
(President of the Revolutionary committee,
in rebellion from 23 Dec 1858)
20 Mar - 02 May 1867 Jean Nicolas Nissage-Saget (1st Time) ...... 1810-1880
04 May 1867 - 27 Dec 1869 Sylvain Salnave ............................ 1826-1870
27 Dec 1869 - 14 May 1874 Jean Nicolas Nissage-Saget (2nd Time)
14 May 1874 - 15 Apr 1876 Michel Domingue ............................ 1813-1877 Mil
19 Jul 1876 - 17 Jul 1879 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1st Time) .... 1832-1905
17 Jul - 26 Jul 1879 Pierre Charles Barthélemy Denis,
dit Darius Denis ..........................
26 Oct 1879 - 10 Aug 1888 Louis Étienne Lysius Félicité Saloman ...... 1815-1888 Mil
10 Aug - 16 Oct 1888 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(2nd Time, in Port-au-Prince)
16 Oct 1888 - 22 Aug 1889 Francois Denys Légitime .................... 1841-1935
22 Aug 1889 - 24 Mar 1896 Louis Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite .......... 1827-1896 Mil
01 Apr 1896 - 13 May 1902 Tirésias Antoine Auguste Simon-Sam ......... 1835-1916
13 May - 18 Dec 1902 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (3rd Time)
18 Dec 1902 - 02 Dec 1908 Pierre Nord Alexis ......................... 1820-1910 Mil
02 Dec 1908 - 02 Aug 1911 Francois C. Antoine A.T. Simon ............. 1844-1928
24 Jul 1911 - 08 Aug 1912 Jean-Jacques Dessalines Michel Cincinnatus Leconte
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution to 07 Aug 1911)
08 Aug 1912 - 02 May 1913 Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste .............. (s.a)
14 May 1913 - 27 Jan 1914 Michel Oreste Lafontant,
dit Michel-Oreste ......................... 1859-1918
Jan - 01 Feb 1914 Edmond Sylvestre Polynice Mil
(President of Puplic Welfare)
01 Feb - 28 Oct 1914 Emmanuel Oreste Zamor ...................... 1861-1915 Mil
28 Oct 1914 - 22 Feb 1915 Joseph Davilmar Théodore ................... 1847-1917 Mil
19 Jan - 27 Jul 1915 Jean Vilbrun Guillaume-Sam ................. 1859-1915 Mil
(Chief of executive power to 09 Mar)
05 May - 12 Aug 1915 Rosalvo Bobo ............................... 1873-1959 Mil
(Chief of executive power)
12 Aug 1915 - 15 May 1922 Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave ................ 1863-1936
15 May 1922 - 15 May 1930 Eustache Antoine François Joseph Louis Borno
15 May - 18 Nov 1930 Louis Eugène Roy ........................... 1861-1938
18 Nov 1930 - 15 May 1941 Sténio Joseph Vincent ...................... 1874-1959
15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot ................ 1883-1974
11 Jan - 16 Aug 1946 Franck Lavaud (1st Time) ................... 1903-1986 Mil
(President of the Military Executive)
16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 Dumarsais Estimé ........................... 1900-1953
10 May - 06 Dec 1950 Franck Lavaud (2nd Time)
(President of the Government Junta)
06 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956 Paul Eugéne Magloire ....................... 1907-2001
(Chief of the Military Executive Power)
12 Dec 1956 - 04 Feb 1957 Joseph Nemours Pierre Louis ................ 1900-1966
07 Feb - 02 Apr 1957 Franck Sylvain ............................. 1909-1987
(provisional)
02 Apr - 06 Apr 1957 Léon Cantave ............................... 1910-1967
(1st Time, Army Chief of General Staff)
06 Apr - 20 May 1957 Executive Government Council
- Jean Charles Léonce M. Bernard ............. 1895-1984
- Georges Bretous
- Stuart Cambronne
- Antoine Pierre-Paul
- Vilfort Beauvoir ........................... 1892-1972
- Weber Michaud
- Seymour Lamothe
- Raoul Fabre Daguilh
- Théodore A. Nicoleau
- Emmanuel Bruny ............................. 1915-19..
- Ernest Berthoumieux Danache ................ 1917-19..
- Jean-Antoine Max Bolté ..................... 1920-2000
- Jean-Antoine Grégoire Eugène ............... 1924-
26 May - 14 Jun 1957 Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé ............. 1914-1986
14 Jun - 22 Oct 1957 Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau ................. 1909-1963
22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 François "Papa Doc" Duvalier ............... 1907-1971
(Supreme Chief of the Haitian Nation)
21 Apr 1971 - 07 Feb 1986 Jean Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier ............ 1951-2014
07 Feb 1986 - 07 Feb 1988 Henri Namphy (1st Time) .................... 1932-2018
(President of the National Council)
07 Feb - 20 Jun 1988 Leslie-François Saint-Roc Manigat .......... 1930-2014
20 Jun - 17 Sep 1988 Henri Namphy (2nd Time)
17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990 Prosper Avril .............................. 1937- Mil
13 Mar 1990 - 07 Jan 1991 Ertha Pascal Trouillot (1st Time) .......... 1943-
07 Jan 1991 (hours) Roger Lafontamt ............................ 1931-1991
07 Jan - 07 Feb 1991 Ertha Pascal Trouillot (2nd Time)
07 Feb 1991 - 12 Oct 1994 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1st Time) .......... 1953-
(deposed 30 Oct 1991, retaines recognition in exile)
01 Oct - 08 Oct 1991 Raoul Cédras ............................... 1949- Mil
(Chairman of the Military junta,
de facto leader to 12 Oct 1994)
08 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Joseph C. Nérette .......................... 1924-2007
(provisional)
19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 Marc Louis Bazin ........................... 1932-2010
15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2nd Time)
12 May - 12 Oct 1994 Émile Jonassaint ........................... 1913-1995
(provisional)
12 Oct 1994 - 07 Feb 1996 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (3rd Time)
07 Feb 1996 - 07 Feb 2001 René Garcia Préval (1st Time) .............. 1943-2017
07 Feb 2001 - 29 Feb 2004 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (4th Time)
01 Mar 2004 - 14 May 2006 Boniface Alexandre ......................... 1936-
(provisional)
14 May 2006 - 14 May 2011 René Garcia Préval (2nd Time)
14 May 2011 - 07 Feb 2016 Michel Joseph Martelly ..................... 1961-
07 Feb - 14 Feb 2016 Evans Paul ................................. 1955-
(acting)
14 Feb 2016 - 07 Feb 2017 Jocelerme Privert .......................... 1954-
(interim)
07 Feb 2017 - 07 Jul 2021 Jovenel Moïse .............................. 1968-2021
08 Feb - 09 Feb 2021 Joseph Mécène Jean Louis (in opposition) ... 1949-
07 Jul - 20 Jul 2021 Claude Joseph .............................. 1978-
(acting)
09 Jul - 20 Jul 2021 Joseph Lambert ............................. 1961-
(in dissidence)
20 Jul 2021 - 12 Apr 2024 Ariel Henry ................................ 1949-
(acting)
12 Apr 2024 - Transitional Presidential Council
- Smith Augustine
- Fritz Jean
- Louis Gérald Gilles
- Edgard Leblanc Fils
(president 30 Apr - 07 Oct 2024)
- Laurent Saint-Cyr
- Emmanuel Vertilaire
- Leslie Voltaire
(president from 07 Oct 2024)
- Frinel Joseph (non-voting)
- Régine Abraham (non-voting)
Prime Ministers
09 Feb - 20 Jun 1988 Martial Lavaud Célestin .................... 1913-2011
20 Jun 1988 - 13 Feb 1991 Post Abolished
13 Feb - 11 Oct 1991 René Garcia Préval ......................... (s.a)
11 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Jean-Jacques Honorat ....................... 1931-2023
19 Jun 1992 - 30 Aug 1993 Marc Louis Bazin ........................... (s.a)
30 Aug 1993 - 08 Nov 1994 Robert Malval .............................. 1943-
08 Nov 1994 - 07 Nov 1995 Georges Jean-Jacques Smarck Michel ......... 1937-2012
07 Nov 1995 - 27 Feb 1996 Claudette Antoine Werleigh ................. 1946-
27 Feb 1996 - 20 Oct 1997 Rosny Smarth ............................... 1940-
20 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Vacant
26 Mar 1999 - 02 Mar 2001 Jacques-Édouard Alexis (1st Time) .......... 1947-
02 Mar 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 Jean-Marie Chérestal ....................... 1947-
15 Mar 2002 - 12 Mar 2004 Yvon Neptune ............................... 1946-
12 Mar 2004 - 09 Jun 2006 Gérard Latourtue ........................... 1934-
09 Jun 2006 - 05 Sep 2008 Jacques-Édouard Alexis (2nd Time)
05 Sep 2008 - 11 Nov 2009 Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis .............. 1947-
11 Nov 2009 - 18 Oct 2011 Jean-Max Bellerive ......................... 1958-
18 Oct 2011 - 14 May 2012 Dr. Garry Conille (1st Time) ............... 1966-
14 May 2012 - 20 Dec 2014 Laurent Salvador Lamothe ................... 1972-
20 Dec 2014 - 16 Jan 2015 Florence Duperval Guillaume
(acting)
16 Jan 2015 - 25 Feb 2016 Evans Paul ................................. s.a
25 Feb - 28 Mar 2016 Fritz Alphones Jean ........................ 1953-
28 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2017 Enex Jean-Charles .......................... 1960-
21 Mar 2017 - 17 Sep 2018 Jack Guy Lafontant ......................... 1961-
17 Sep 2018 - 21 Mar 2019 Jean-Henry Céant ........................... 1956-
21 Mar 2019 - 04 Mar 2020 Jean-Michel Lapin .......................... 1980-
(acting)
04 Mar 2020 - 14 Apr 2021 Joseph Jouthe .............................. 1961-
(acting)
14 Apr - 20 Jul 2021 Claude Joseph .............................. s.a (acting)
08 Jul 2021 - 25 Apr 2024 Ariel Henry ................................ s.a
(in dissidence to 20 Jul 2021; left Haiti 24 F)
24 Feb - 03 Jun 2024 Michel Patrick Boisvert
(acting)
04 Jun - 11 Nov 2024 Dr. Garry Conille (2nd Time)
11 Nov 2024 - Alix Didier Fils-Aimé ...................... 1
U.N. (UNMIH) Force
Jan 1995 - 05 Mar 1996 Joseph W. Kinzer ........................... 1939- (U.S.)
05 Mar 1996 - 30 Jun 1997 J.R Pierre Daigle .......................... 1950- (Canada)
01 Jul - 30 Nov 1997 Robin Gagnon (Canada)
U.N. (MINUSTAH) Force Commanders
01 Jun 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira ............. 1947- (Brazil)
01 Sep 2005 - 07 Jan 2006 Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar ........... 1947-2006 (Brazil)
07 Jan - 20 Jan 2006 Eduardo Aldunate Herman .................... 1948- (Chile)
20 Jan 2006 - 07 Jan 2007 José Elito Carvalho de Siqeuira ............ 1946- (Brazil)
09 Jan 2007 - 09 Apr 2009 Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz ............. 1952- (Brazil)
09 Apr 2009 - 11 Apr 2010 Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto ............... 1954- (Brazil)
11 Apr 2010 - 30 Mar 2011 Luiz Guillherme Paul Cruz .................. 1957- (Brazil)
30 Mar 2011 - 27 Mar 2012 Luiz Eduardo Ramos Pereira ................. 1956- (Brazil)
27 Mar 2012 - 27 Mar 2013 Fernando Rodrigues Goulart ................. 1958- (Brazil)
27 Mar 2013 - 15 Mar 2014 Edson Leal Pujol ........................... 1955- (Brazil)
15 Mar 2014 - 30 Aug 2015 José Luiz Jaborandy ........................ 1958-2015 (Brazil)
04 Sep - 13 Oct 2015 Jorge Peña Leiva ........................... 1961- (Chile)
(acting)
13 Oct 2015 - 15 Oct 2017 Ajax Porto Pinheiro ........................ 1956- (Brazil)
Heads of the U.N. Mission for Justice Support in Hai
15 Oct - 02 Nov 2017 Mamadou Diallo (1st Time) .................. 1940- (Guinea)
02 Nov 2017 - 08 May 2018 Susan Denise Page .......................... 1964- (U.S)
08 May - 03 Sep 2018 Mamadou Diallo (2nd Time)
03 Sep 2018 - 15 Oct 2019 Helen Meagher La Lime ...................... 1951- (U.S)