Guatemala
2000 BC Mayan civilisation in Guatemala,
Belize and Southern Mexico
250 AD - 909 AD Decline of the Classical Mayan civilasion
25 Jul 1524 Spanish possession, named Guatemala from
the Mayan word Cuauhtēmallān ("place of many trees")
1560 Kingdom of Guatemala, subordinated to New Spain
1565 Audiencia de Guatemala
01 May 1570 Kingdom of Guatemala a Captaincy-general
15 Sep 1821 Independence of the Kingdom of Guatemala
05 Jan 1822 - 01 Jul 1823 Part of the First Mexican Empire
10 Jul 1823 - 17 Apr 1839 State of Guatemala, part of the United Provinces
of Central America
15 Sep 1824 State of Guatemala
21 Mar 1847 Republic of Guatemala
13 Jun 1921 - 14 Jan 1922 State of Guatemala (part of Central America)
14 Jan 1922 - Republic of Guatemala
13 Apr 1940 - 24 Nov 1992 Guatemala claims Belize as part of its territory
Central America
25 Jul 1524 Spanish pocession, Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala
founded
1527 - 1544 Subordinated to New Spain
20 Nov 1542 Real Audiencia de los Confines de Guatemala y Nicaragua
16 May 1544 - 1560 Part of the Captaincy of Gracias (Yucatan, Chiapas, Tabasco,
Panama and Central America)
1560 Kingdom of Guatemala (Guatemala, Chiapas, Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua)
1565 Audiencia de Guatemala
01 May 1570 Kingdom of Guatemala a Captaincy-general
15 Sep 1821 Independence of the Kingdom of Guatemala
05 Jan 1822 Part of the Mexican Empire
01 Jul 1823 Independence from Mexico
10 Jul 1823 - 10 Apr 1825 United Provinces of the Centre of America
10 Apr 1825 - 1840 Federal Republic of Central America
1838 Secession of Nicaragua, Costa Rica amd Honduras
1840 Federation effectivley dissolved
17 Jul 1842 - 30 Nov 1844 Abortive attempt to create a Confederation of Central America
13 Oct - 10 Nov 1852 Abortive attempt to create a Confederation of Central America
15 Sep 1896 Republic of Greater Central America
01 Nov 1898 United States of Central America
30 Nov 1898 Federation dissolved
13 Jun 1921 - 07 Feb 1922 Federation of Central America
14 Jan 1922 Guatemala declares independence
04 Feb 1922 El Salvador declares independence
07 Feb 1922 Federation dissolved with Homduras's exit
Kings
1560 - 1821 The Kings of Spain
Governors
1524 - 14 Aug 1529 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras ........... 1485-1541
1526 Gonzalo de Alvarado y Contreras ......... 1482-1541
(acting)
1526 - 1527 Pedro de Portocarrero
(acting)
1527 - 14 Aug 1529 Jorge de Alvarado (1st Time)
(acting)
14 Aug 1529 - 1530 Francisco de Orduña ..................... 1486-1550
1530 - 1533 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (2nd Time)
1533 - 1535 Jorge de Alvarado (2nd Time)
1535 - 1536 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (3rd Time)
1536 - 1539 Alonso de Maldonado
(acting)
1539 - 04 Jul 1541 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (4th Time)
04 Jul - 09 Sep 1541 Francisco de la Cueva y Villacreces ..... 1510-1576
(1st Time)
09 Sep - 11 Sep 1541 Beatríz de Alva de la Cueva ............. 1510-1576
11 Sep - 17 Sep 1541 Francisco de la Cueva y Villacreces (2nd Time)
17 Sep 1541 - 17 May 1542 Francisco de Marroquín Hurtado,
obispo de Santiago de Guatemala ........ 1499-1563
17 May 1542 - 26 May 1548 Alonso de Maldonado (2nd Time)
(President of the Real Audiencia de los Confines de Guatemala)
26 May 1548 - 14 Jan 1555 Alonso López de Cerrato ................. 1489-1555
(President of the Real Audiencia de los Confines de Guatemala)
14 Jan - 20 Oct 1555 Antonio Rodríguez de Quesada
1555 - 1556 Alonso de Zorita
(acting)
1556 - 02 Sep 1559 Pedro Ramírez de Quiñónes
02 Sep 1559 - 02 Aug 1564 Juan Martínez de Landecho ............... 1510-1570
02 Aug 1564 - 05 Jan 1570 Francisco Briceño
(interim)
05 Jan 1570 - 26 Jan 1573 Antonio González
26 Jan 1573 - 04 Feb 1578 Pedro de Villalobos ..................... 1520-1578
04 Feb 1578 - 21 Jul 1589 Diego García de Valverde ................ 1515-1589
21 Jul 1589 - 03 Aug 1594 Pedro Mallén de Rueda
03 Aug 1594 - 20 Jun 1596 Francisco de Sande Picón ................ 1540-1602
20 Jun 1596 - 19 Sep 1598 Álvaro Gómez de Abáunza y Castro
19 Sep 1598 - 19 Sep 1611 Alonso Criado de Castilla ............... 1540-1611
19 Sep 1611 - 21 Apr 1627 Antonio Pereza de Ayala Castilla y Rojas,
conde de la Gomera ..................... 1549-1629
21 Apr 1627 - 16 Mar 1634 Diego de Acuña
16 Mar 1634 - 16 Mar 1642 Álvaro de Quiñónes y Qsorio,
marqués de Lorenzana ................... 1575-1642
16 Mar 1642 - 02 Aug 1649 Diégo de Avendaño
02 Aug 1649 - 1654 Antonio de Lara y Mogrovejo
14 May 1654 - 28 Mar 1657 Fernando de Almirano y Velasco,
conde de Santiago de Calimaya .......... 1589-1657
28 Mar 1657 - 06 Jan 1659 Pedro de Melián
06 Jan 1659 - 08 Jan 1667 Martín Carlos de Mencos y Arbizú ........ 1597-1667
08 Jan 1667 - 29 Oct 1670 Sebastián Álvarez Alfonso
Rosica de Caldas ....................... 1609-1672
29 Oct 1670 - 09 Jun 1672 Juan de Sancto Mathiá Sáenz de Mañozca y Murillo,
obispo de Guatemala .................... 1611-1675
09 Jun 1672 - 22 Dec 1678 Fernando Francisco de Ecobedo ........... 1625-1688
22 Dec 1678 - 23 Dec 1681 Lope de Sierra Osorio y Valdés .......... 1643-1702
23 Dec 1681 - 14 Dec 1683 Juan Miquel de Agurto y Salcedo ......... 1630-1686
14 Dec 1683 - 26 Jan 1688 Enrique Enriquez de Guzmán
26 Jan 1688 - 31 Jan 1691 Jacinto de Barrios y Leal (1st Time) .... 1656-1695
01 Feb 1691 - 23 Nov 1693 Fernando López de Ursino y Orbeneja ..... 1600-1699
23 Nov 1693 - 12 Nov 1695 Jacinto de Barrios y Leal (2nd Time)
14 Nov 1695 - 26 Mar 1696 José de Scals de la Scala y Jover ....... 1658-1701
27 Mar 1696 - 19 Feb 1700 Gabriel Sánchez de Berrospe (1st Time) .. 16..-1672
20 Feb - 12 Mar 1700 Gregorio Carrillo y Escudero (1st Time) . 1663-1723
(interim)
12 Mar - 22 Mar 1700 Juan Jerónimo Duardo (1st Time)
(interim)
22 Mar - 05 Apr 1700 Bartolomé de Amésquita
(acting)
05 Apr - 06 Apr 1700 Gregorio Carrillo y Escudero (2nd Time)
(interim)
06 Apr 1700 - 1702 Gabriel Sánchez de Berrospe (2nd Time)
- 20 May 1702 Juan Jerónimo Duardo (2nd Time)
20 May 1702 - 27 Oct 1703 Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierra ...... 1633-1703
27 Oct 1703 - 30 Aug 1706 José Osorio Espinosa de Los Monteros
30 Aug 1706 - 08 Oct 1716 Toribio José Miguel de Cosío y Campa,
marqués de Torre Campo ................. 1665-1743
08 Oct 1716 - 01 Dec 1724 Francisco Rodríguez de Rivas ............ 1662-1731
02 Dec 1724 - 11 Jul 1733 Antonio Pedro de Echevers y Suviza ...... 1652-1733
11 Jul 1733 - 16 Oct 1742 Pedro de Rivera y Villalón .............. 1665-1745
16 Oct 1742 - 26 Sep 1748 Tomás de Rivera y Santa Cruz ............ 1710-1765
26 Sep 1748 - 17 Jan 1752 José de Araujo y Río
17 Jan 1752 - 24 Jun 1753 José Vásquez Prego Montaos y Sotomayor
24 Jun 1753 - 17 Oct 1754 Juan de Velarde y Ciefuegos (1st Time) .. 1709-1793
(interim)
17 Oct 1754 - 27 Oct 1760 Alonso de Arcos y Moreno ................ 1700-1760
27 Oct 1760 - 14 Jun 1761 Juan de Velarde y Ciefuegos (2nd Time)
14 Jun 1761 - 03 Dec 1765 Alonso Fernández de Heredia
04 Dec 1765 - 20 May 1771 Pedro de Salazar y Herrera Nájera
y Mendoza .............................. 1704-1771
20 May 1771 - 12 Jun 1773 Juan Manuel González Bustillo
y Villaseñor ........................... 1725-1797
12 Jun 1773 - 04 Apr 1779 Martín de Mayorga y Ferrer .............. 1721-1783
04 Apr 1779 - 03 Apr 1783 Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo Madrid
y Cabrera .............................. 1717-1784
04 Apr 1783 - 29 Dec 1789 José de Estachería y Hernádez ........... 1727-1802
01 Jan 1790 - 25 May 1794 Bernardo Troncoso Martínez del Rincón ... 1730-1804
25 Apr 1794 - 28 Jul 1801 José Domás y Valle ...................... 1723-1803
28 Jul 1801 - 14 Mar 1811 Antonio González Mollinedo y Saravia .... 1743-1812
14 Mar 1811 - 28 Mar 1818 José de Bustamante y Guerra ............. 1759-1825
28 Mar 1818 - 09 Sep 1821 Carlos de Urrutia y Montoya ............. 1750-1825
Superior Political Chiefs
09 Sep 1821 - 22 Jun 1822 Gabino Gaínza y Fernández de Medrano .... 1753-1829
22 Jun 1822 - 10 Jul 1823 Vicente Filísola de Martínez ............ 1785-1850
Presidents
30 Apr 1825 - 13 Apr 1829 Manuel José Acre y Fagoaga .............. s.a
13 Apr - 25 Jun 1829 José Francisco Morazán Quezada (1st Time) 1792-1852
25 Jun 1829 - 16 Sep 1830 José Francisco Barrundia ................ s.a
16 Sep 1830 - 16 Sep 1834 José Francisco Morazán Quezada (2nd Time)
16 Sep 1834 - 14 Feb 1835 José Gregorio Salazar Lara .............. 1773-1838
14 Feb 1835 - 01 Feb 1839 José Francisco Morazán Quezada (3rd Time)
01 Feb 1839 - Mar 1840 Diego Vigil Cocaña
President of the Federal Assembly
Mar 1842 - 29 Mar 1844 Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya 1790-1857
Supreme Delegate
29 Mar - 01 Dec 1844 Fruto Chamorro Pérez .................... 1806-1871
Provisional Presidents
13 Oct - 28 Oct 1852 José Trinadad Cabañas Fiallos ........... 1805-1871
28 Oct - 10 Nov 1852 Francisco Castellón Sanabria ............ 1815-1855
Federal Executive Council
Jun - 30 Nov 1898 Delegates
- Ángel Ugarte ............................ 1862-1898 (Honduras)
- Salvador Gallegos ....................... 1844-1919 (El Salvador)
- Manuel Coronel Matus .................... 1864-1910 (Nicaragua)
Provisional Federal Council
13 Jun 1921 - 07 Feb 1922 Delegates
- José Vicente Martínez ................... 1863-1922 (Guatemala)
- José Martinez Suarez .................... 1844-1919 (El Salvador)
- Dionisio Gutiérrez ...................... 1853-1935 (Honduras)
- Marcial Prem Bolaños .................... 1864-1942 (Guatemala)
Guatemala
Presidents
01 Jan 1840 - 14 Dec 1844 Marinio Rivera Paz ...................... 1804-1849
14 Dec 1844 - 16 Aug 1848 José Rafael Carrera Turcios (1st Time) .. 1814-1865
16 Aug - 28 Nov 1848 José Antonio Martinez ................... 1783-1854
28 Nov 1848 - 03 Jan 1849 José Bernardo Escobar ................... 1797-1849
03 Jan 1849 - 06 Nov 1851 Mariano Paredes ......................... 1800-1856
(acting)
06 Nov 1851 - 14 Apr 1865 José Rafael Carrera Turcios (2nd Time)
14 Apr - 24 May 1865 Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol ............... 1802-1897
(acting)
24 May 1865 - 29 Jun 1871 Vicente Cerna Sandoval .................. 1810-1885
29 Jun 1871 - 04 Jun 1873 Miguel García Granados Zavala ........... 1809-1878
04 Jun 1873 - 02 Apr 1885 Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón .............. 1835-1885
02 Apr 1885 - 15 Mar 1892 Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián ........ 1845-1907
15 Mar 1892 - 08 Feb 1898 José María Reina Barrios ................ 1854-1898
08 Feb 1898 - 15 Apr 1920 Manuel José Estrada ..................... 1856-1930
15 Apr 1920 - 10 Dec 1921 Carlos Herrera y Luna ................... 1872-1826
10 Dec 1921 - 26 Sep 1926 José Maria Orella Pinto ................. 1873-1931
26 Sep 1926 - 02 Jan 1931 Lázaro Chacón González .................. 1860-1847
14 Feb 1931 - 04 Jul 1944 Jorge Ubico y Castañeda ................. 1878-1944
20 Oct 1944 - 15 Mar 1945 Revolutionary government Junta
- Francisco Javier Arana Castro ........... 1889-1956 Mil
- Jorge Toriello Garrido .................. 1908-1998 Mil
15 Mar 1945 - 15 Mar 1951 Juan José Arévalo Bermejo ............... 1904-1990
15 Mar 1951 - 28 Jun 1954 Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán .................... 1913-1971
28 Jun 1954 - 02 Mar 1958 Chairmen of the Military Junta
28 Jun - 29 Jun 1954 Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre ............ 1912-1981 Mil
(Junta chairman)
- Carlos Enrique Díaz de León ............. 1910-1971 Mil
- José Ángel Sánchez ...................... s.a Mil
29 Jun 1954 - 26 Jul 1957 Carlos Castillo Armas ................... 1914-1957
08 Jul - 26 Jul 1957 Luis Arturo González López .............. 1900-1965
(acting)
24 Oct - 27 Oct 1957 Óscar Mendoza Azuridia .................. 1917-1995 Mil
(Chairman of military junta)
27 Oct 1957 - 02 Mar 1958 Guillermo Flores Avendaño ............... 1894-1982 Mil
(acting)
02 Feb 1958 - 31 Mar 1963 José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes ...... 1895-1982 Mil
31 Mar 1963 - 01 Jul 1966 Alfredo Enrique Pertalta Azurdia ........ 1908-1997 Mil
(Chief of government)
01 Jul 1966 - 01 Jul 1970 Julio César Méndez Montenegro ........... 1915-1996 Mil
01 Jul 1970 - 01 Jul 1974 Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio .............. 1918-2003 Mil
01 Jul 1974 - 01 Jul 1978 Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García ........... 1930-2009 Mil
01 Jul 1978 - 23 Mar 1982 Fernado Romeo Lucas García .............. 1924-2006 Mil
23 Mar 1982 - 08 Aug 1983 José Efraín Ríos Montt .................. 1926-2018 Mil
(Chairman of the Military Junta)
08 Aug 1983 - 14 Jan 1986 Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores ........... 1930-2016 Mil
(Chief of State)
14 Jan 1986 - 14 Jan 1991 Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo ............ 1942-
14 Jan 1991 - 05 Jun 1993 Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías ............. 1945-
05 Jun 1993 - 14 Jan 1996 Ramiro de León Carpio ................... 1942-2002
14 Jan 1996 - 14 Jan 2000 Álvaro Enrique Arzú Irigoyen ............ 1946-2018
14 Jan 2000 - 14 Jan 2004 Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera ........ 1951-
14 Jan 2004 - 14 Jan 2008 Óscar José Rafael Berger Perdomo ........ 1946-
14 Jan 2008 - 14 Jan 2012 Álvaro Colom Caballeros ................. 1951-2023
14 Jan 2012 - 03 Sep 2015 Otto Pérez Molina ....................... 1950-
03 Sep 2015 - 14 Jan 2016 Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre ............. 1936-
(interim)
14 Jan 2016 - 14 Jan 2020 James Ernesto Morales Cabrera ........... 1969-
14 Jan 2020 - 14 Jan 2024 Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla ...... 1956-
14 Jan 2024 - César Bernardo Arévalo de León .......... 1958-