Monarchs

830 - 842                 Paist, Michal I

842 - 861                 Paist, Piast, Duke of Poland

861 - 892                 Paist, Ziemowit

892 - 913                 Paist, Leszek I

913 - 960                 Paist, Ziemonislaw

960 - 992                 Paist, Mieczislaw I

25 May 992 - 17 Jun 1025 Paist, Bolesław I, Duke of Poland "the Brave)

17 Jun 1025 -    Nov 1031 Paist, Mieczislaw II Lampert (1st Time)

   Nov 1031 - 1032        Paist, Bezprym

       1031 - 10 May 1034 Paist, Mieczislaw II Lampert (2nd Time)

10 May 1039 - 28 Nov 1058 Paist, Kazimierz I Karol

28 Nov 1058 -    Jun 1079 Paist, Bolesław II "Szczodry"

                          (King from 25 Dec 1076)

       1079 - 04 Jun 1102 Paist, Władysław I Herman, Duke of Poland

04 Jun 1102 - 1106        Piast, Zbygniew

04 Jun 1102 - 28 Oct 1138 Paist, Bolesław III, Duke of Poland

                          (co-ruler)

28 Oct 1138 - 1179        Paist, Mieszko III "Stary"

                          (1st Time, co-ruler)

1179 - 1181               Piast, Odon (1st Time)

       1181 - 13 Mar 1202 Piast, Mieszko III "Stary"

                          (2nd Time)   

       1181 - 20 Apr 1194 Piast, Odon (2nd Time, co-ruler)

       1191 - 02 Aug 1193 Piast, Mieszko ...................................... 116.-1193

                          (co-ruler in Kalisz)

1194 - 1229               Paist, Władysław II

                          (co-ruler)

       1202 - 23 Nov 1227 Paist, Leszek II

05 May 1228 - 03 Nov 1231 Paist, Władysław III

                          (co-ruler)

1207 - 1217               Paist, Władysław IV (1st Time) ...................... 1190-1239

                          (co-ruler in Kalisz)

       1229 - 22 Sep 1234 Paist, Władysław IV (2nd Time)

03 Nov 1231 - 19 Mar 1238 Paist, Henryk I ..................................... 1160-1238

19 Mar 1238 - 09 Apr 1241 Paist, Henryk II .................................... 1196-1241

09 Apr      - 10 Jul 1241 Paist, Bolesław IV .................................. 1217-1278

10 Jul 1241 -    May 1243 Paist, Konrad I Mazowiecki

   Jun 1241 - 04 Jun 1257 Paist, Przemysł I ................................... 1220-1257

15 May 1253 - 13 Apr 1279 Paist, Bolesław V (2nd Time)

       1273 - 26 Jun 1295 Přemyslovci, Przemysł II (Ottokar) of Bohemia ....... 1257-1296

                          (co-ruler in Poznan)

   Jan 1293 - 10 Jun 1294 Kazimierz (III)

                          (pretender)

26 Jun 1295 - 08 Feb 1296 Paist, Przemysł I, King of Poland ................... s.a

08 Feb 1296 -    Aug 1300 Paist, Władysław V, Duke of Poland (1st Time) ....... 1261-1333

   Aug 1300 - 21 Jun 1305 Paist, Wacław I, King of Poland ..................... 1271-1305

21 Jun 1305 - 04 Aug 1306 Paist, Wacław II, King of Poland .................... 1289-1306

04 Aug 1306 - 09 Dec 1309 Paist, Henryk III, Duke of Poland ................... 132.-1309

16 Oct 1306 - 03 Jul 1307 Habsburg, Rudolf, King of Bohemia,

                           Archduke of Austria ................................ 1281-1307

                          (pretender)

09 Dec 1309 -    Aug 1314 Paist, Henryk IV, Duke of Poland .................... 1292-1342

01 Sep 1310 - 24 Aug 1335 Jan ................................................. 1296-1346

                          (pretender)

   Aug 1314 - 20 Jan 1320 Paist, Władysław V (2nd Time)

Kings

20 Jan 1320 - 02 Mar 1333 Paist, Władysław I (V) .............................. s.a

25 Apr 1333 - 05 Nov 1370 Paist, Kazimierz III, King of Poland ................ 1310-1370 "Wielki"

05 Nov 1370 - 12 Sep 1382 Angevin, Ludwik I Wegierski ......................... 1326-1382

28 Mar 1383 - 17 Jul 1399 Angevin, Jadwiga .................................... 1374-1399

                          (co-ruler from 1386)

18 Feb 1386 - 31 May 1434 Jagiellonowie, Władysław II ......................... 1351-1434

25 Jul 1434 - 10 Nov 1444 Jagiellonowie, Władysław III ........................ 1424-1444

25 Jun 1447 - 07 Jun 1492 Jagiellonowie, Kazimierz IV ......................... 1427-1492

23 Sep 1492 - 17 Jun 1501 Jagiellonowie, Jan I Olbract ........................ 1459-1501

17 Jun      - 12 Dec 1501 Fryderyk Kardynał Jagiełłończyk,

                           arcybiskup Gniezenski .............................. 1468-1503

12 Dec 1501 - 19 Aug 1506 Jagiellonowie, Aleksander ........................... 1461-1506

19 Aug 1506 - 24 Jan 1507 Andrzej Róża Boryszewski,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1436-1510

24 Jan 1507 - 01 Apr 1548 Jagiellonowie, Zygmunt I ............................ 1467-1548

20 Feb 1550 - 30 Jun 1569 Jagiellonowie, Zygmunt II August .................... 1520-1572

Grand Marshals

1358 - 1368               Pelka Koscielec z Koscielca

1369 - 1374               Jan Kolczek z Zakrzowa

1375 - 1378               Przedbór z Brzezia (1st Time) ....................... 13..-1387

1378 - 1379               Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa

1381 - 1387               Przedbór z Brzezia (2nd Time)

       1387 -    Oct 1388 Mikolaj z Bogorii

   Oct 1388 -    Dec 1389 Dymitr z Goraja ..................................... 1340-1400

   Dec 1389 -        1391 Mikolaj Wezyk z Rebowa

30 Sep 1394 - 18 Aug 1399 Zbigniew Lanckoronski

                           z Brzezia (1st Time) ............................... 1360-1425

     18 Aug - 09 Nov 1399 Gniewosz z Dalewicz

09 Nov 1399 - 22 Feb 1425 Zbigniew Lanckoronski

                           z Brzezia (2nd Time)

07 Apr 1426 - 24 Jul 1430 Wawrzyniec Zaremba z Kalinowy

21 Oct 1430 - 14 Jan 1440 Jan Głowacz z Oleśnicy .............................. 1400-1460

30 May 1440 - 09 Mar 1462 Mikołaj Marszałkowicz

                           Lanckoroński z Brzezia

01 May 1462 - 10 Oct 1477 Jan Rytwianski z Rytwian ............................ 1422-1478

24 Oct 1477 - 21 Oct 1492 Rafał Jakób z Jarosławski

                           z Jaroslawia i z Przeworska ........................ 1436-1493

22 Dec 1493 - 24 Mar 1494 Rafał Leszczyński

                          (acting)

24 Mar 1494 - 16 Apr 1505 Piotr Kmita z Wisnicza

                           i z Sobienia ....................................... 1442-1505

16 Apr      - 1505        Jan Tęczyński z Rabsztyna

                          (acting)

15 Jul      -    Aug 1505 Stanisław Jarocki z Jaroczyna

                          (acting)

   Aug 1505 - 30 Apr 1529 Stanisław Chodecki z Chodcza ........................ 14..-1529

01 May 1529 - 31 Oct 1553 Piotr Kmita Sobieński z Wiśnicza .................... 1477-1553

31 Oct 1553 - 21 Jun 1555 Stanisław Maciejowski ............................... 15..-1563

                          (1st Time, acting)

21 Jun 1555 - 13 Mar 1561 Jan Mieclecki ....................................... 1501-1561

13 Mar 1561 - 1563        Stanisław Maciejowski

                          (2nd Time, acting)

22 Jul 1563 - 30 Jun 1569 Jan Firlej z Dąbrowicy .............................. 1511-1574

Full style of the Monarch: Król Polski. Lat. Rex Poloniae.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Capital: Warsaw.

Government: Elective Monarchy.

Demographics: Polish, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Lithuanian, Jewish, Livonian, Latvian.

Religions: Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Orthordoxy, Jewish, Islam.

National Anthem: "Gaude Mater Polonia" (Rejoice Mother Poland).

National Day: Constitution day. 03 May (1791)

National Motto: Si Deus nobiscum, quis contra nos (If God is with us, then who is against us?)

Currency: Golden Zloty.

Kings

01 Jul 1569 - 07 Jul 1572 Jagiellonowie, Zygmunt II August .................... s.a

07 Jul 1572 - 18 Feb 1574 Jakub Uchański z Służewa,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1502-1581

                           (Interrex, 1st Time)

21 Feb 1574 - 12 May 1575 Valois, Henryk I .................................... 1551-1589

                          (Henri III de France)

18 Jun 1574 - 16 Feb 1576 Jakub Uchański z Służewa,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. s.a

                           (Interrex, 2nd Time)

01 May 1576 - 12 Dec 1586 Bathory, Stefan ..................................... 1533-1586

                          (also Prince of Transylvania)

12 Dec 1586 - 07 Oct 1587 Stanisław Karnkowski,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1520-1603

                           (Interrex)

22 Aug 1587 - 09 Mar 1589 Habsburg, Maksymilian of Austria .................... 1558-1618

                          (pretender)

27 Dec 1587 - 30 Apr 1632 Wasa, Zygmunt III ................................... 1566-1632

30 Apr 1632 - 06 Feb 1633 Jan Wężyk, arcybiskup Gnieźeński .................... 1575-1638

                          (Interrex)

06 Feb 1633 - 20 May 1648 Wasa, Wladyslaw VII ................................. 1595-1648

20 May 1668 - 17 Jan 1649 Maciéj Łubieński, arcybiskup Gnieźeński ............. 1572-1652

                          (Interrex)

17 Jan 1649 - 16 Sep 1668 Wasa, Jan II Kazimierz .............................. 1609-1672

16 Sep 1668 - 07 Jul 1669 Mikołaj Jan Prażmowski,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1617-1673

                           (Interrex)

29 Sep 1669 - 10 Nov 1673 Wiśniowiecki, Michal Tomasz II Korybut .............. 1640-1673

10 Nov 1673 - 15 May 1674 Prince Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski ................ 1614-1674

                          (Interrex)

10 Nov 1673 –  5 Jun 1674 Andrzej Trzebicki, biskup Krakówski ................. 1607–1679

                          (Interrex)

05 Jun 1674 - 17 Jun 1696 Sobieski, Jan III ................................... 1629-1696

17 Jun 1696 - 27 Jul 1697 Michał Stefan Kardynał Radziejowski,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1645-1705

                           ((Interrex excercising Royal authority)

15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704 Wettin, Fryderyk August II Mocny .................... 1670-1733 "The Strong"

                          (1st Time)

04 Oct 1705 - 08 Aug 1709 Leszczynski, Stanislaw I ............................ 1677-1766

                          (1st Time)

08 Aug 1709 - 01 Feb 1733 Wettin, Fryderyk August II Mocny (2nd Time)

01 Feb 1733 - 06 Jan 1734 Teodor Andrzej Potocki,

                           arcybiskup Warmiński ............................... 1664-1738

                           (Interim excercising Royal authority)

12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734 Leszczynski, Stanislaw I

                          (2nd Time, in disstance in Gdansk)

06 Jan 1734 - 05 Oct 1763 Wettin, August III .................................. 1696-1763

05 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764 Władysław Alexander Łubieński,

                           arcybiskup Gnieźeński .............................. 1703-1767

                           (Interim excercising Royal authority)

07 Sep 1764 - 25 Nov 1795 Poniatowski, Stanislaw II ........................... 1732-1798

                          (Left Poland 07 Jan 1795, in Russian captivity)

Grand Marshalls

22 Jul 1563 - 25 Apr 1574 Jan Firlej z Dąbrowicy

25 Apr 1574 - 30 Mar 1593 Andrzej Opalinski z Bnina ........................... 1540-1593

30 Mar 1593 - 19 Sep 1595 Stanislaw Przyjemski ................................ 15..-1595

19 Sep 1595 - 27 Nov 1600 Mikolaj Zebrzydowski ................................ 1553-1620

25 Jan 1603 - 05 Jul 1615 Zygmund Myszkowski Gonzaga-Myszkowski,

                           margrabia na Mirowie ............................... 1562-1615

06 Jul 1616 - 09 Mar 1630 Mikolaj Wolski z Podhajec

15 Apr 1630 - 19 Feb 1650 Łukasz Opaliński z Bnina ............................ 1584-1654

19 Feb 1650 - 30 Dec 1664 Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski ................... 1616-1667

17 Jan 1666 - 21 May 1674 Jan Sobieski ........................................ s.a

19 Feb 1676 - 17 Jan 1702 Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski ..................... 1642-1702

17 Jan      - 15 Dec 1702 Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski ....................... 1638-1702

                          (acting)

15 Dec 1702 - 24 Mar 1713 Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski .......................... 166.-1713

24 Mar      - 02 Apr 1713 Wojciech Andrzej Dambski z Lubrańca ................. 1676-1725

                          (acting)

02 Apr 1713 - 20 May 1742 Józef Wandalin Mniszech ............................. 1670-1747

21 May 1742 - 08 Oct 1766 Franciszek Bielinski ................................ 1683-1766

10 Oct 1766 - 12 Aug 1783 Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski ......................... 1719-1783

12 Aug      - 23 Aug 1783 Franciszek Rzewuski ................................. 1730-1800

                          (acting)

23 Aug 1783 - 08 Jul 1793 Michal Jerzy Wandelin Mniszech ...................... 1742-1806

08 Jul      - 23 Aug 1793 Kazimiérz Jan Nepomucen Raczyński ................... 1739-1824

                          (acting)

23 Aug 1793 - 07 Jan 1795 Fryderyk Józef Moszynski ............................ 1738-1817

Full style of the Monarch: Z Bożej łaski, Król Polski, Wielki Książę Litewski, Ruski,

Pruski, Mazowiecki, Żmudzki, Kijowski, Wołyński, Podolski, Podlaski, Inflancki, Smoleński,

Siewierski i Czernihowski ("by the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Prince of Lithuania,

Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk,

Severia and Chernigov, etc., etc,").

Orders: Order Orła Białego (Order of thw White Eagel).

• Former Provinces

Duchy of Warsaw and Congress Poland

Duke of Warsaw

09 Jul 1807 - 21 May 1815 Wettin, Fryderyk .................................... 1750-1827

                          (King Friedrich of Saxony, prisoner from 19 Oct 1813)

Kings

20 Jun 1815 - 05 Aug 1915 The Emperors of Russia

Military Governor

09 Dec 1815 - 01 Dec 1830 Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov ............. 1779-1831

Naměstnik (Viceroys)

11 Dec 1815 - 28 Jul 1826 Prince Józef Zajaczek ............................... 1752-1826

28 Jul 1826 - 04 Dec 1830 Walenty Faustyn Sobolewski z Piętek ................. 1765-1831

04 Dec 1830 - 10 Jun 1831 Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch ............. 1785-1831

                          (Commander of the Russian Troops)

13 Jun 1831 - 20 Jan 1856 Count Ivan Fyodorovych Paskevych-Yerivansky,

                           Prince Varshavsky .................................. 1782-1856

01 Feb      - 03 Apr 1856 Wincenty Krasiński .................................. 1782-1858

                          (acting)

03 Apr 1856 - 18 May 1861 Prince Mikhail Dmitryevich Gorchakov ................ 1793-1861

30 May      - 06 Aug 1861 Nikolay Onufriyevich Gorchakov ...................... 1794-1871

                          (acting)

06 Aug 1861 - 21 Apr 1862 Count Karl Karlovich Lambert ........................ 1815-1865

27 Oct 1861 - 08 Jun 1862 Count Aleksey Nikolayevich von Lüders ............... 1790-1874

08 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov .......... 1827-1892

08 Sep 1863 - 18 Jan 1874 Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf von Berg ............. 1793-1874

Governors-General

18 Jan 1874 - 18 May 1880 Paul Demetrius Graf von Kotzebue .................... 1801-1880

18 May 1880 - 19 May 1883 Pyotr Pavlovich Albedinsky .......................... 1826-1883

07 Jun 1883 - 06 Dec 1894 Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gourko .................. 1828-1901

13 Dec 1894 - 12 Dec 1896 Count Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov .................... 1830-1908

01 Jan 1897 - 17 Nov 1900 Prince Aleksandr Konstantinovich

                           Bagration-Imeretinsky .............................. 1837-1900

24 Mar 1901 - 19 Feb 1905 Mikhail Iavnovich Chertkov .......................... 1829-1905

19 Feb      - 15 Aug 1905 Konstantn Klavdievich Maksimovich ................... 1849-1917

15 Aug 1905 - 01 Feb 1914 Georgy Antonovich Skalon ............................ 1847-1914

04 Mar      - 03 Sep 1914 Yakov Grigoriyevich Zhilinskiy ...................... 1853-1918

                          (acting)

09 Sep      - 23 Dec 1914 Anton Ottovich Essen ................................ 1862-1919

                          (acting)

23 Dec 1914 - 25 Aug 1915 Prince Pavel Nikolayevich Yengalychev ............... 1864-1944

                          (continues in exile to 04 Apr 1917)

04 Sep 1915 - 11 Nov 1918 Hans Hartwig von Beseler ............................ 1850-1921

                          (for Germany)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

05 Oct      - 16 Dec 1807 Count Stanislaw Malachowski ......................... 1736-1809

16 Dec 1807 - 25 Mar 1809 Duke Ludwik Gutakowski .............................. 1738-1811

25 Mar 1809 -    May 1813 Stanislaw Kostka Potocki ............................ 1775-1821

Chairman of the Supreme Provisional Council of the Duchy of Warsaw

14 Mar 1813 - 09 Jun 1815 Vasily Sergeyevich Lanskoy .......................... 1753-1831

Chairmen of the Council of State

24 Dec 1832 - 1833        Josef Rautenstrauch ................................. 1773-1842

12 Apr 1833 - 1836        Nikita Petrovich Pankraiev

1836 - 1837               Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Golovin ...................... 1797-1858

1837 - 1841               Roman Thiyodorovich Furhmann

German Heads of the Civil Administration for Russian Poland

05 Jan      -    Apr 1915 Hans von Brandenstein ............................... 1849-1943

17 Apr 1915 -    Aug 1917 Wolfgang Moritz Ludwig von Kreis .................... 1868-1945

   Aug      -    Nov 1917 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von Born-Fallois (1st Time) .. 1878-1934

                          (acting)

   Nov 1917 - 29 Jan 1918 Maximilian Karl von Sandt ........................... 1861-1918

29 Jan      - 31 Mar 1918 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von Born-Fallois (2nd Time)

31 Mar      - 11 Nov 1918 Otto Adolf Ludwig von Steinmeister .................. 1860-1937

• Governorates

Polish Rebelions

Dictator

05 Dec 1830 - 25 Jan 1831 Józef Grzegorz Chlopicki ............................ 1771-1854

Presidents of the National Government

25 Jan      - 30 Jan 1831 Count Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski .................... 1790-1869

30 Jan      - 17 Aug 1831 Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski ....................... 1770-1861

17 Aug      - 07 Sep 1831 Jan Stefan Krukowiecki .............................. 1772-1850

07 Sep      - 26 Sep 1831 Bonawentura Niemojowski ............................. 1787-1835

22 Jan      - 24 May 1863 Stefan Bobrowski .................................... 1841-1863

Chairman of the Provisional Government

16 Sep 1831 - 22 Feb 1832 Theodor Engel ....................................... 1769-1837

Head of the Provisional Government

08 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Count Aleksander Wielopolski, Marquis of Gonzaga .... 1803-1877

Kingdom of Poland 1916-1918

05 Aug 1915 - 11 Nov 1918 Russian Poland is occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary

05 Oct 1916               Polish Kingdom declared (Central Powers client state)

14 Nov 1918               Regency Council is dissolved 

01 Sep 1939               Poland invaded by Nazi Germany

17 Sep 1939               Eastern Poland invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union

28 Sep 1939               Former Congress Poland occupied by Nazi Germany

                           as the General-Government, which is not annexed

                           to the German Reich

21 Jun 1941               Soviet Zone occupied by Nazi Germany

22 Jan 1941               Eastern Galicia incorporated into the General-governme

   Jul 1944               Start of Soviet invasion and German retreat

17 Jan 1945               Warsaw liberated by Soviet forces

22 Jan 1945               Last German troops surender

Capital: Warsaw 1916-1918. Krakow (Krakau) 1939-45.

Government: client state of Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Demographics: Polish, Ukrainian, Jewish.

Currency: Polish Marka

King

10 Oct 1916 - 26 Oct 1917 Provisional Council of State

                        - Wraclaw Józef Niemojowski ........................... 1864-1939

                        - Józef Karol Mateusz Mikulowski-Pomorski ............. 1868-1935

                        - Józef Klemens Pilsudski ............................. 1867-1935

                        - Wojciech Hilary Rostworowski ........................ 1877-1952

                        - Stanislaw Dzierzbicki ............................... 1854-1919

                        - Michal Lempicki ..................................... 1867-1946

                        - Stanislaw Janicki ................................... 1872-1939

                        - Wlodzimierz Kunowski ................................

                        - Stanislaw Bukowiecki ................................

05 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 Habsburg, Karol Stefan .............................. 1860-1933

                          (Archduke Karl Stephan von Oesterreich,

                           candidate, never reigned)

27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Regency Council

                        - Aleksander Kakowski, Archbishop of Warsaw ........... 1862-1938

                        - Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski .......................... 1865-1943

                        - Count Józef August Ostrowski ........................ 1850-1923

Commanders-in-chief East (Ober Ost)

01 Sep      - 19 Oct 1939 Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walter von Brauchitsch ...... 1881-1948

03 Oct      - 19 Oct 1939 Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt ...................... 1875-1953

Governor-general 

25 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945 Hans Michael Frank .................................. 1901-1946

Prime Ministers

01 Feb      - 15 Aug 1917 Michal Lempiki ...................................... 1856-1930

27 Nov 1917 - 27 Feb 1918 Jan Kucharzewski .................................... 1876-1952

27 Feb      - 04 Apr 1918 Antoni Ponikowski (1st Time) ........................ 1878-1949

04 Apr      - 05 Sep 1918 Jan Kanty Steczkowski ............................... 1862-1929

05 Sep      - 30 Sep 1918 Stanislaw Dzierzbicki ............................... 1854-1919

30 Sep      - 26 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski ................................... 1855-1922

26 Oct      - 07 Nov 1918 Józef Swiezynski .................................... 1864-1948

07 Nov      - 14 Nov 1918 Wladyslaw Wroblewski ................................ 1875-1951

14 Nov      - 17 Nov 1918 Ignacy Ewarysy Daszynski ............................ 1866-1936

Chiefs of the Civil Administration

01 Sep      - 02 Oct 1939 Josef Wagner ........................................ 1899-1945

03 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945 Hans Michael Frank .................................. s.a

President of the Polish National Committee (In exile in Paris, France)

15 Jan 1917 - 16 Jan 1919 Roman Stanislaw Dmowski ............................. 1864-1939

Republic of Poland 1918-1939

Capital: Warsaw.

Government: Republic.

Demograthics: Polish 68.9%, Ukrainian 13%, Jewish 10%, Belarusian 3%, German 2% (1931).

Religion: Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Jewish, Orthodox Christian, Protestant, Tatar Muslim

Languages: Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish, Belarussian, German.

National Anthem: "Mazurek Dabrowskiego" (Poland is not yet Lost).

National Emblem: White Eagel.

National Motto: Bóg, Honor, Ojczyznaó (God, Honor, Fatherland).

Currency: Polish Zloty.

Head of State

14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922 Józef Klemens Piłsudski ............................. 1867-1935

                          (de facto until 12 May 1935)

Presidents

14 Dec      - 16 Dec 1922 Gabriel Józef Narutowitcz ........................... 1865-1922

16 Dec      - 20 Dec 1922 Maciej Rataj ........................................ 1884-1940

                          (1st Time, acting)

20 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926 Stanisław Wojciechowski ............................. 1869-1952

15 May      - 04 Jun 1926 Maciej Rataj ........................................ s.a

                          (2nd, acting)

04 Jun 1926 - 30 Sep 1939 Ignacy Mościcki ..................................... 1867-1946

                          (in Rumania exile from 17 Sep 1939)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919 Jedrzej Edward Moraczewski .......................... 1879-1944

19 Jan      - 13 Dec 1919 Ignacy Jan Paderewski ............................... 1860-1941

13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920 Leopold Skulski ..................................... 1878-1940

23 Jun      - 24 Jul 1920 Wladislaw Grabski (1st Time) ........................ 1874-1938

24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921 Wincenty Witos (1st Time) ........................... 1874-1945

19 Sep 1921 - 23 Jun 1922 Antoni Ponikowski (2nd Time) ........................ 1878-1949

23 Jun      - 16 Jul 1922 Artur Sliwinski ..................................... 1877-1953

16 Jul      - 31 Jul 1922 Wojciech Korfanty ................................... 1873-1939

31 Jul      - 16 Dec 1922 Julian Ignacy Nowak ................................. 1865-1946

16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923 Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski ........................ 1881-1943

29 May      - 19 Dec 1923 Wincenty Witos (2nd Time)

19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925 Wladislaw Grabski (2nd Time)

20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926 Count Aleksander Józef Skrzynski .................... 1882-1931

10 May      - 17 May 1926 Wincenty Witos (3rd Time)

17 May      - 02 Oct 1926 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (1st Time) ............... 1882-1941

02 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928 Józef Klemens Piłsudski (1st Time) .................. s.a

27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (2nd Time)

14 Apr      - 29 Dec 1929 Kazimierz Switalski ................................. 1886-1962

29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930 Kazimierz Wladyslaw Bartel (3rd Time)

29 Mar      - 25 Aug 1930 Walery Jan Slawek (1st Time) ........................ 1879-1939

25 Aug      - 04 Dec 1930 Józef Klemens Piłsudski (2nd  Time)

04 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931 Walery Jan Slawek (2nd Time)

27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933 Aleksander Blazej Prystor ........................... 1874-1941

12 May 1933 - 14 May 1934 Janusz Jedrzejewicz ................................. 1885-1951

15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935 Leon Tadeusz Kozlowski .............................. 1892-1944

28 Mar      - 12 Oct 1935 Walery Jan Slawek (3rd Time)

12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936 Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski ........................ 1892-1946

15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939 Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski ......................... 1885-1962

                    (in Rumania exile from 17 Sep 1939)

• Voivodships 1919-1939

Polish People's Republic

Capital: Warsaw.

Government: Communist republic, Soviet allied state.

Demographics: Polish, 98%, German, Belarussian.

Religion: Roman Catholic.

National Anthem: "Mazurek Dabrowskiego" (Poland is not yet Lost).

National Day: 1st May, Labour day.

Currency: Polish Zloty.

Secretaries General of the United Polish Workers Party

23 Nov 1943 - 03 Sep 1948 Władysław Wieslaw Gomułka .......................... 1905-1982 PZPR

                          (1st Time)

03 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956 Bolesław Tomasz Bierut ............................. 1892-1956 PZPR

20 Mar      - 21 Oct 1956 Edward Ochab ....................................... 1906-1989 PZPR

21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970 Władysław Wieslaw Gomułka .......................... s.a

                          (2nd Time)

20 Dec 1970 - 06 Sep 1980 Edward Gierek ...................................... 1913-2001 PZPR

06 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981 Stanisław Kania .................................... 1927-2020 PZPR

18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... 1923-2014 PZPR

29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990 Mieczysław Franciszek Rakowski ..................... 1926-2008 PZPR

Chairmen of the Council of State

01 Jan 1944 - 20 Nov 1952 Bolesław Tomasz Bierut ............................. s.a

20 Nov 1952 - 07 Aug 1964 Aleksander Zawadzhik ............................... 1899-1964 PZPR

07 Aug 1964 - 11 Apr 1968 Edward Ochab ....................................... s.a

11 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 Marian Spychalski .................................. 1906-1980 PZPR

23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz .................... 1911-1989 PZPR

28 Mar 1972 - 06 Nov 1985 Henryk Jabłoński ................................... 1909-2003 PZPR

06 Nov 1985 - 30 Dec 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... s.a

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

21 Jul 1944 - 04 Feb 1947 Edward Bolesław Osóbka-Morawski .................... 1909-1997 PZPR

04 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (1st Time)

20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954 Bolesław Tomasz Bierut ............................. s.a

19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (2nd Time)

23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980 Piortr Jaroszewicz ................................. 1909-1992 PZPR

18 Feb      - 24 Aug 1980 Edward Babiuch ..................................... 1927-2021

24 Aug 1980 - 09 Feb 1981 Józef Pińkowski .................................... 1929-2000 PZPR

09 Feb 1981 - 06 Nov 1985 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ......................... s.a

06 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988 Zbigniew Messner ................................... 1929-2014 PZPR

27 Sep 1988 - 02 Aug 1989 Mieczysław Franciszek Rakowski ..................... s.a

02 Aug      - 24 Aug 1989 Czesław Kiszczak ................................... 1925-2015 PZPR

Marshals of the Sejm

01 Jan 1944 - 04 Feb 1947 Boleslaw Bierut .................................... 1892-1956

04 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Wladyslaw Kowalski ................................. 1894-1958

20 Nov 1952 - 20 Nov 1956 Jan Bohdan Dembowski ............................... 1889-1963

20 Feb 1957 - 13 Feb 1971 Czeslaw Wycech ..................................... 1899-1977

13 Feb 1971 - 28 Mar 1972 Dyzma Galaj ........................................ 1915-2000

28 Mar 1972 - 06 Nov 1985 Stanislaw Gucwa .................................... 1919-1994

06 Nov 1985 - 04 Jul 1989 Roman Malinowski ................................... 1935-

04 Jul 1989 - 25 Nov 1991 Mikolaj Kozakiewicz ................................ 1923-1998

Ducal Prussia

20 May 965                Founding of Nordmark

11 Jun 1157               Mark Brandenburg

       1230               Preußen part of the Teutonic Order

09 Sep 1309               East Prussia the seat of the Grand Master

06 Mar 1454               Prussia in personal union with Poland

19 Oct 1466 - 19 Sep 1657 Prussia a Polish fief

09 Apr 1525               Duchy of Prussia

18 Jul 1618               In Personal union with Brandenburg (Brandenburg-Prussia)

26 Sep 1629 - 12 Sep 1635 Cities of Memel and Pillau ceded to Sweden by Poland

22 Jan 1758 - 08 Jul 1762 East Prussia Annexed by Russian Empire

18 Jan 1701               Königreich Preußen (Kingdom of Prussia), (see under Germany),

31 Jan 1773               Ducal Prussia becomes the Prussian province of East Prussia

   Jun 1812 -    Jan 1813 French occupation

   Jan      -    Apr 1813 Russian occupation

01 Jan 1871               Part of Germany

15 Aug      - 15 Sep 1914 Partial Russian occupation

10 Jan      - 16 Aug 1920 Allied administration of the Allenstein district

22 Jan 1945               Soviet occupation

19 Feb 1945               Southern East Prussia transferred to Poland as Warmia-Mazovia

02 Aug 1945               Potsdam Conference provisionally (pending a future peace treaty)

                           transfers southern East Prussia to Poland

17 Oct 1945               Northern East Prussia (Koenigsberg) annexed to the Soviet Union

26 Dec 1945               Southern East Prussia (Allenstein) annexed by Poland

Herzogen (Dukes)

10 Apr 1525 - 20 Mar 1568 Hohenzollern, Albrecht von Brandenberg-Ansbach ..... 1490-1568

20 Mar 1568 - 27 Feb 1578 Hohenzollern, Albrecht Friedrich (1st Time) ........ 1553-1618

27 Feb 1578 - 25 Apr 1603 Hohenzollern, Georg Friedrich ...................... 1539-1603

                          (Administrators)

25 Apr 1603 - 18 Jul 1608 Hohenzollern, Joachim III Friedrich von Brandenburg  1546-1608

                          (Regent)

25 Apr 1603 - 18 Jul 1618 Hohenzollern, Albrecht Friedrich (2nd Time)

18 Jul 1618 - 03 Mar 1619 Hohenzollern, Johann Sigismund,

                           Markgraf von Brandenburg, Herzog von Preußen ...... 1572-1619

                           (Regent from 18 Jul 1608)

03 Mar 1619 - 01 Dec 1640 Hohenzollern, Georg Wilhelm, Herzog von Preußen .... 1595-1640

01 Dec 1640 - 09 May 1688 Hohenzollern, Friedrich Wilhelm .................... 1620-1688

09 May 1688 - 18 Jan 1701 Hohenzollern, Friedrich I .......................... 1657-1713

Stadtholder

18 Jan 1701 -    Mar 1728 Friedrich Ludwig

                           Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderberg-Beck ..... 1653-1728

Russian Governors-general

22 Jan      -    May 1758 Wilhelm Vilimovich Graf von Fermor ................. 1704-1771

   May 1758 -    Jan 1761 Nikolaus Freiherr von Korff ........................ 1710-1766

   Jan 1761 - 05 Jan 1762 Vasily Ivanovich Suvorov ........................... 1705-1775

   Jan      -    Jul 1762 Pyotr Ivanovich Panin .............................. 1721-1789

04 Jul 1762 - 22 Apr 1763 Fyodor Matveyevich Voyeikov ........................ 1703-1778

Russian Military Governors

15 Aug 1914 - 06 Dec 1915 Pavel Karlovich von Rennenkampf .................... 1854-1918

                          (in the east)

15 Aug      - 17 Aug 1914 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Samsonov ..................... 1859-1914

                          (in the south)

Polish Government Plenipotentiaries

19 Feb      - 30 Mar 1945 Jerzy Sztachelski .................................. 1911-1975

30 Mar      - 29 Dec 1945 Jakub Prawin ....................................... 1901-1957

West Galicia

24 Oct 1795               Lesser Poland is ceded to the Habsburg Monarchy

                          by the Third Partition of Poland as West Galicia (New Galicia)

21 Mar 1796               West Galicia formally annexed

01 Nov 1803               Incorporated into the Kingdom of Galicia-Lodomeria

02 Jun 1809               French occupation

01 Jan 1810               Incorporated into the Duchy of Warsaw

09 May 1815 - 25 Aug 1915 Part of Russian Congress Poland

25 Aug 1915 - 03 Nov 1918 Austro-Hungarian occupation

1916 - 1918               Part of the Kingdom of Poland

11 Nov 1918               Part of Poland

28 Sep 1939 - 19 Jan 1945 Part of the General Government

Commissioner

21 Mar 1796 - 1801        Johann Wenzel von Margelik 

Governors

06 Feb 1801 - 1803        Johann Nepomuk

                           Graf zu Trauttmannsdorf-Weinsberg

   Jun      - 31 Oct 1803 Anton Baum vin Appelshofen

                          (acting)

President of the Provisional Government of Both Galicias

02 Jun      - 31 Dec 1809 Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski

Austro-Hungarian Military Governors-General

25 Aug 1915 - 20 Apr 1916 Erich Freiherr von Diller

01 May 1916 - 23 Apr 1917 Karl Kuk

23 Apr 1917 - 28 Feb 1918 Stanisław Graf Szeptycki

01 Mar      - 03 Nov 1918 Antoni Lipscak