Italia
508 BC Roman Republic
27 BC Roman Empire
260 - 274 AD Secession of the provinces of Britanica, Gallia and Belgica,
retrospectively known as Imperium Galliarum (Gallic Empire)
17 Jan 395 Empire split into the Western and Eastern Roman empires
23 Aug 476 - 553 Kingdom of Visigoths
04 Sep 476 Last Roman Emperor is deposed
03 Oct 569 Kingdom of the Lombards
14 Apr 754 Founding of the Papal State
781 - 1014 Frankish Kingdom of Italy
14 May 1004 - 10 May 1796 Style "King of Italy" used by the Holy Roman Emperors
c. 1100 Italy fractured into many independent states
15 May 1796 - 29 Jun 1797 Transpadane Republic (Lombardy, Mantua, western Venice)
29 Jun 1797 - 28 Apr 1799 Repubblica Cisalpina (Cisalpine Republic)
28 Apr 1799 - 29 Apr 1800 Austrian occupation
29 Apr 1800 - 26 Jun 1802 Cisalpine Republic (restored)
26 Jun 1802 Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic, in Northern Italy only)
18 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1814 Regno Italiana (Kingdom of Italy [Napoleonic])
1814 Pre-1796 states restored
1859 - 17 Mar 1861 Unification of Italy
23 Jun 1860 Nice and Savoy annexed by France
17 Mar 1861 Regno Italiana (Kingdom of Italy)
20 Sep 1870 Rome (the last remaining territory of the Papal States),
is annexed to Italy
10 Sep 1919 South Tyrol annexed from Austria
07 Jun 1929 Vatican City state established
09 May 1936 - 19 May 1941 Italy annexes Ethiopia
06 Apr 1939 - 03 Sep 1943 Albania in personal union with Italy
12 Nov 1942 - 1944 Corsica, Savoia and Nice reincorparated in to Italy
10 Sep 1943 - 02 May 1945 Repubblica Sociale Italiana (Social Republic of Italy);
declared in German occupied Italy north of the Gustav line
north of the former Kingdom of Naples
10 Sep 1943 - 17 Sep 1947 Allied ocupation
01 May 1945 - 26 Oct 1954 Allied-Yugoslav occupation of Trieste
18 Jun 1946 - Repubblica Italiana (Republic if Italy)
10 Feb 1947 Paris Peace Treaty ceded Istria, Fiume and Zara (Zadar)
to Yugoslavia (Croatia); Tende and La Brigue to France
(following a pleblisite) and Sassan island to Albania.
Italy renouncs claims to former African colonies and
to the Italian concession in Tienstin, China.
07 Mar 1948 Dodecanese Islands ceded to Greece
01 Jan 1958 Accession to the EEC
Kingdom of Italy (Medieval)
Monarchs
04 Sep 476 - 02 Feb 493 Odoacer of Germany, King of Italy
- Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy -
02 Feb 493 - 30 Aug 526 Theodoric "The Great"
30 Aug 526 - 02 Oct 534 Athalaric
02 Oct 534 - 536 Theodatus
536 - 540 Vitiges
540 - 541 Ilibad
541 Eraric
541 Baduila
541 - 01 Jul 552 Totila
01 Jul 552 - Oct 553 Teias
- Kingdom of the Lombards -
568 - 28 Jun 572 Gausian, Alboin
28 Jun 572 - 574 Clefi
584 - 05 Sep 590 Autari
05 Sep 590 - 591 Theodelinda
591 - 616 Agilulfo
616 - 626 Bavarian, Adaloaldo
626 - 636 Arioald
636 - 652 Rotari
652 - 653 Rodoald
653 - 661 Bavarian, Ariberto I
661 - 662 Bavarian, Godepet
662 - 671 Beneventan, Grimaldo
671 Beneventan, Garibald
671 - 688 Bavarian, Pertarito
688 - 689 Alachis
688 - 700 Cuniperto
700 - 701 Luitperto
701 Raginperto
701 Rotharit
701 - 712 Ariberto II
712 - 744 Luitprando
744 - 749 Rachis
749 - Dec 756 Astolfo
Dec 756 - Jun 774 Desidiro
- Frankish Kingdom of Italy -
774 - 781 Carolingia, Carlomagno
781 - 08 Jul 810 Carolingia, Pipino
08 Jul 810 - 17 Apr 818 Carlolingia, Benardo
17 Apr 818 - 23 Sep 855 Carolingian, Lotaro I
15 Jun 844 - 12 Aug 875 Carolingian, Ludovico II "The Younger"
12 Aug 875 - 06 Oct 877 Carolingian, Carlo II "The Bald"
06 Oct 877 - 879 Carolingian, Carlomano of Bavaria
879 - 26 Dec 887 Carolingian, Carlo III "The Fat"
26 Dec 887 - Feb 889 Friuli, Berengario I (1st Time)
(continues in opposition)
Feb 889 - 12 Dec 894 Spoleto, Guido da Spoleto
May 891 - 15 Oct 898 Spoleto, Lamberto
22 Feb 896 - 08 Dec 899 Carolingian, Anolfo
(in opposition)
22 Feb - 896 Carolingian, Ratold
(sub-King in Milan)
900 - 905 Carolingian, Ludovico III "The Blind"
905 - 22 Apr 924 Friuli, Berengario I (2nd Time)
922 - 09 Jun 926 Burgundy, Ruldofo
(in opposition to 924)
09 Jun 926 - 10 Apr 948 Burgundy, Ugo di Arles
10 Apr 948 - 22 Nov 950 Burgundy, Lotaro II di Arles
22 Nov 950 - 963 d'Ivrea, Berengario II
15 Dec 950 - 963 d'Ivrea, Adalberto
(co-Monarch)
- Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire -
02 Jul 964 - 07 May 973 Carolingia, Oddone I
07 May 973 - 07 Dec 983 Carolingia, Oddone II
07 Dec 983 - 23 Jan 1002 Carolingia, Oddone III
23 Jan 1002 - 1014 d'Ivrea, Arduino
1014 - 16 Jan 1556 The Monarchs of the Holy Roman Empire*
Note: The style "King of Italy" ceased to be used by the Holy Roman Empire after
1556, though the empire continued to claim sovereignty over Northern Italy until
1806. The next holder of the title was Napoleon I of France.
Cisalpine Republic
Capital: Milan.
Language: Italian.
Religian: Roman Catholic.
Currency: Lira.
Directors
09 May 1796 - 29 Jun 1797 .....
Directors
29 Jun 1797 - 31 Aug 1798 First Directory
- Duca Giovanni Galeazzo Serbelloni
(to 13 Nov 1797)
- Giovanni Battista Savoldi
- Marco Alessandri
- Pietro Moscati
- Jacopo Lamberti
(from 16 Apr 1798)
- Giovanni Paradisi
- Carlo Testi
- Giovanni Costabili Containi
01 Sep - 14 Dec 1798 Second Directory
- Girolamo Adelasio
- Antonio Sabbati
- Marco Alessandri
- Jacopo Lamberti
- Giuseppe Luosi
- Antonio Smancini
- Fedele Sopransi
- Vincenzo Brunetti
14 Dec 1798 - 29 Apr 1799 Third Directory
- Girolamo Adelasio
- Marco Alessandri
- Ferdinando Marescalchi
- Jacopo Lamberti
- Fedele Vertemate Franchi
- Giuseppe Luosi
- Fedele Sopransi
Sep 1800 - 26 Jan 1802 Executive Committee of the
Extraordinary Government Commission
- Giovanni Battista Sommariva
- Francesco Ajmi Visconti
- Sigismund Ruga
President
26 Jan 1802 - 18 Mar 1805 Napoleon Bonaparte .............................. 1769-1821
Vice-President
26 Jan 1802 - 18 Mar 1805 Conte Francesco Melzo d'Eril .................... 1757-1816
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
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26 Jun 1802 - 18 Mar 1805 Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic)
18 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1814 Regno d'Italia (Kingdom of Italy)
King
18 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1814 Bonaparte, Napoléon I ........................... s.a
Viceroy for the Kingdom of Italy
05 Jun 1805 - 11 Apr 1814 Eugène Rose de Beauharnais ...................... 1781-1824
Grand Chancellor
18 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1814 Francesco Melzo d'Eril, duca di Lodi ............ s.a
Kingdom of Italy
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Rome (Turin 1861-64, Florence 1864-70, Brindisi 1943-45)
Language: Italian, German, Albanian, Croatian, Slovene, Greek.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza" (Royal March of Ordinance).
National Emblem: Olive branch and Oak branch.
National Day: Unification Day, 17 March (1861).
National Motto: FERT.
Currency: Lira.
Kings
17 Mar 1861 - 09 Jan 1878 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele II .................... 1820-1878
(King of Sardinia and Savoy)
09 Jan 1878 - 29 Jul 1900 Savoia, Umberto I ............................... 1844-1900
(Umberto IV di Savoia)
29 Jul 1900 - 09 May 1946 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele III ................... 1869-1947
(relinquished all Royal powers Apr 1944)
05 Jun 1944 - 09 May 1946 Umberto Nicola Tammaso Giovanni Maria,
principe di Piedmonte .......................... 1904-1983
(Lieutenant General of the Realm)
09 May - 18 Jun 1946 Savoia, Umberto II .............................. s.a
(in exile in Portugal from 10 Jun 1946, styled 'Conde di Sarre')
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
21 Jan 1860 - 06 Jun 1861 Camillo Paolo Filipo Benso,
conte di Cavour, di Isobella e di Leri ......... 1810-1861
06 Jun 1861 - 04 Mar 1862 Bettino Ricasoli,
Baron Ricasoli (1st Time) ...................... 1809-1880
04 Mar - 09 Dec 1862 Urbano Rattazzi (1st Time) ...................... 1808-1873
09 Dec 1862 - 24 Mar 1863 Luigi Carlo Farini .............................. 1812-1866
24 Mar 1863 - 23 Sep 1864 Marco Minghetti (1st Time) ...................... 1818-1886
23 Sep 1864 - 17 Jun 1866 Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora ...................... 1804-1878
17 Jun 1866 - 11 Apr 1867 Bettino Ricasoli,
Baron Ricasoli (2nd Time)
11 Apr - 27 Oct 1867 Urbano Rattazzi (2nd Time)
27 Oct 1867 - 12 Dec 1869 Federico Luigi, conde Menabrea,
Marchese di Valdora ............................ 1809-1896
12 Dec 1869 - 10 Aug 1873 Domenico Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Lanza .......... 1810-1885
10 Aug 1873 - 25 Mar 1876 Marco Minghetti (2nd Time)
25 Mar 1876 - 23 Mar 1878 Agostino Depris (1st Time) ...................... 1813-1887
23 Mar - 18 Dec 1878 Benedetto Cairoli (1st Time) .................... 1825-1889
18 Dec 1878 - 12 Jul 1879 Agostino Depris (2nd Time)
12 Jul 1879 - 28 May 1881 Benedetto Cairoli (2nd Time)
28 May 1881 - 29 Jul 1887 Agostino Depris (3rd Time)
08 Aug 1887 - 09 Feb 1891 Francesco Crispi (1st Time) ..................... 1819-1901
09 Feb 1891 - 15 May 1892 Antonio Starabba,
Marchese di Rudini ............................. 1839-1908
15 May 1892 - 10 Dec 1893 Giovanni Giolitti (1st Time) .................... 1842-1928
10 Dec 1893 - 10 Mar 1896 Francesco Crispi (2nd Time)
10 Mar 1896 - 29 Jun 1898 Antonio Starabba,
Marchese di Rudini (2nd Time)
29 Jun 1898 - 24 Jun 1900 Luigi Pelloux ................................... 1839-1924
24 Jun 1900 - 15 Feb 1901 Giuseppe Saracco ................................ 1821-1907
15 Feb 1901 - 03 Nov 1903 Giuseppe Zanardelli ............................. 1826-1903
03 Nov 1903 - 27 Mar 1905 Giovanni Giolitti (2nd Time)
03 Nov - 27 Mar 1905 Tommaso Tittoni ................................. 1855-1931
27 Mar 1905 - 08 Feb 1906 Alessandro Fortis ............................... 1842-1909
08 Feb - 29 May 1906 Sidney Constantino Sonnino,
Baron Sonnino (1st Time) ....................... 1847-1922
29 May 1906 - 10 Dec 1909 Giovanni Giolitti (3rd Time)
10 Dec 1909 - 30 Mar 1910 Sidney Constantino Sonnino,
Baron Sonnino (2nd Time)
30 Mar 1910 - 27 Mar 1911 Luigi Luzzatti .................................. 1841-1827
27 Mar 1911 - 21 Mar 1914 Giovanni Giolitti (4th Time)
21 Mar 1914 - 19 Jun 1916 Antonio Salandra ................................ 1853-1909
19 Jun 1916 - 30 Oct 1917 Paolo Boselli ................................... 1838-1932
30 Oct 1917 - 23 Jun 1919 Vittorio Emanuele Orlando ....................... 1860-1952
23 Jun 1919 - 16 Jun 1920 Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti ....... 1868-1953
16 Jun 1920 - 04 Jul 1921 Giovanni Giolitti (5th Time)
04 Jul 1921 - 25 Feb 1922 Ivanoe Bonomi (1st Time) ........................ 1873-1951
25 Feb - 30 Oct 1922 Luigi Facta ..................................... 1861-1930
Head of Government
30 Oct 1922 - 25 Jul 1943 Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ................ 1883-1945 PNF
("Il Duce" ["The Leader"] from 24 Dec 1925)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
25 Jul 1943 - 09 Jun 1944 Pietro Badoglio, Duca di Addis Abeba,
Marchese del Sabotino .......................... 1871-1956
09 Jun 1944 - 25 Jun 1945 Ivanoe Bonomi
(2nd Time; President of the Committee of National Liberation)
25 Jun - 10 Dec 1945 Ferruccio Parri ................................. 1890-1981
10 Dec 1945 - 18 Jun 1946 Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi .............. 1881-1954 DC
Heads of the Allied Military Government
10 Jul 1943 - 08 Jan 1944 Dwight David Eisenhower ......................... 1890-1969 (U.S)
08 Jan - 12 Dec 1944 Sir Henry Maitland Wilson ....................... 1881-1964 (U.K)
12 Dec 1944 - 29 Sep 1945 Sir Harold Alexander ............................ 1891-1969 (U.K)
29 Sep - Oct 1945 Joseph Taggart McNarney ......................... 1893-1972 (U.S)
Oct 1945 - 1947 Sir William Duthie Morgan ....................... 1891-1977 (U.K)
- 31 Jan 1947 John Clifford Hodges Lee ........................ 1887-1958 (U.S)
Chief commissioners of the Allied Control Commission
10 Nov 1943 - 16 Jan 1944 Kenyon A. Joyce ................................. 1879-1960 (U.S)
16 Jan - Jun 1944 Sir Noel Mason-Macfarlane ....................... 1889-1953 (U.K)
Jun 1944 - 31 Jan 1947 Ellery W. Stone ................................. 1894-1981 (U.S)
Military Governors of the Occupied Territories
10 Jul 1943 - 11 Dec 1944 Sir Harold Alexander ............................ s.a (U.K)
11 Dec 1944 - 17 Sep 1947 Mark Wayne Clark ................................ 1896-1984 (U.S)
PNF=Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, Italian Fascism, Italian Nationalism,
Mussolini personalist 1921-1943).
Style of the Italian Monarch: Per Grazia di Dio e per volontà della Nazione Re d'Italia
("By the Grace of God and by the Will of the Nation King of Italy, King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia, Duke of Savoy, of Genoa, of Montferrat, of Aosta, Chablais, Genevois and of Piacenza; Prince of Piedmont and Oneglia; Margrave in Italy, of Saluzzo, Ivrea, of Susa, of Ceva, of the Maro, of Oristano, of Cesana, and of Savona; Count of Maurienne, of Genève, of Nice, of Tenda, of Romonte, of Asti, of Alessandria, of Goceano, of Novara, of Tortona, of Vigevano and of Bobbio; Baron of Vaud and of Faucigny; Lord of Vercelli, of Pinerolo,
of Tarentaise, of the Lomellina, and of the Valley of Sesia, etc."). Lat: Rex Italiae.
Other Members of the House of Savoy were styled: Prince of Piedmonte and Naples, Prince of Carignano, Duke of Aosta, Duke of Chablis, Duke of Apulia, Duke of Montferrat, Duke of Genoa, Count of Turin, Count of Villafranca.
Orders: Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata (Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation).
Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro (Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus).
Ordine della Corona d'Italia (Order of the Crown of Italy).
Ordine dell'Aquila romana (Order of the Roman Eagle).
Italian Social Republic
23 Sep 1943 Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia (National Republican State of Italy)
01 Dec 1943 - 28 Apr 1945 Repubblica Sociale Italiana (Italian Social Republica)
02 May 1945 State extinguished
Government: Axis client state.
Capital: Salo (de jure), Rome (de facto).
Currency: Lira.
Language: Italian, German, Slovene.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Giovinezza" ("Youth").
National Emblem: Fasces.
National Motto: Per l'onore d'Italia ("For the honour of Italy")
National Day: 29 Jul, Birthday of Mussolini (1883).
Head of State
23 Sep 1943 - 28 Apr 1945 Benito Alimcare Andrea Mussolini ............... s.a
Prime Minister
23 Sep 1943 - 28 Apr 1945 Benito Alimcare Andrea Mussolini ............... s.a
_____________________________________________________________________________________
-Partizan Resistance-
President of the Central Committee of National Liberation
09 Sep 1943 - 11 Jun 1944 Ivanoe Bonomi ................................... 1873-1951
Presidents of the Committee of National Liberation of Upper Italy
09 Sep 1943 - 27 Apr 1945 Alfredo Pizzoni ................................. 1894-1958
27 Apr - 30 Apr 1945 Rodolfo Morandi ................................. 1903-1955
Minister for Occupied Italy
12 Dec 1944 - 21 Jun 1945 Mauro Scoccimarro ............................... 1895-1972 PCI
Italian Republic
Government: Republic.
Capital: Rome.
Language: Italian, German, Albanian, Slovene, Greek.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Il Canto degli Italiani" (Song of the Italians).
National Emblem: Olive branch and Oak branch.
National Day: Republic Day, 2nd June (1946).
National Motto: None.
EU Accession: Founding Member 1957.
Currency: Euro (Italian Lira 1861-2001).
Presidents
01 Jul 1946 - 12 May 1948 Enrico Roberto de Nicola ........................ 1877-1959
(Head of State to 31 Dec 1947)
12 May 1948 - 12 May 1955 Luigi Einaudi ................................... 1874-1961
12 May 1955 - 12 May 1962 Giovanni Gronchi ................................ 1887-1978
12 May 1962 - 06 Dec 1964 Antonio Segni ................................... 1891-1972
06 Dec - 29 Dec 1964 Cesare Merzagora ................................ 1898-1991
(acting)
29 Dec 1964 - 29 Dec 1971 Giuseppi Saragat ................................ 1898-1988
29 Dec 1971 - 15 Jun 1978 Giovanni Leone .................................. 1908-2001
15 Jun - 09 Jul 1978 Amintore Fanfani ................................ 1908-1999
(acting)
09 Jul 1978 - 29 Jun 1985 Alessandro Pertini .............................. 1896-1990
29 Jun 1985 - 28 Apr 1992 Francesco Cossiga ............................... 1928-2010
28 Apr - 28 May 1992 Giovanni Spadolini .............................. 1925-1994
(acting)
28 May 1992 - 15 May 1999 Oscar Luigi Scalfaro ............................ 1918-2012
15 May - 18 May 1999 Nicola Mancino .................................. 1931-
(acting)
18 May 1999 - 15 May 2006 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ............................ 1920-2016
15 May 2006 - 14 Jan 2015 Giorgio Napolitano .............................. 1925-2023
14 Jan - 03 Feb 2015 Pietro Grasso ................................... 1945-
(acting)
03 Feb 2015 - Sergio Mattarella ............................... 1941-
Presidents of the Government
18 Jun 1946 - 17 Aug 1953 Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi .............. 1881-1954 DC
(acting Head of State 18 Jun - 01 Jul 1946)
17 Aug 1953 - 18 Jan 1954 Giuseppe Pella .................................. 1902-1981 DC
18 Jan - 09 Feb 1954 Amintore Fanfani ................................ 1908-1999 DC
09 Feb 1954 - 06 Jul 1955 Mario Scelba (1st Time) ......................... 1901-1991 DC
06 Jul 1955 - 19 May 1957 Antonio Segni (1st Time) ........................ 1891-1972 DC
19 May 1957 - 02 Jul 1958 Adone Zoli ...................................... 1887-1960 DC
02 Jul 1958 - 15 Feb 1959 Amintore Fanfani (2nd Time)
15 Feb 1959 - 25 Mar 1960 Antonio Segni (2nd Time)
25 Mar - 26 Jul 1960 Fernando Tambroni-Armaroli ...................... 1901-1963 DC
26 Jul 1960 - 21 Jun 1963 Amintore Fanfani (3rd Time)
21 Jun - 05 Dec 1963 Giovanne Leone (1st Time) ....................... 1908-1999 DC
05 Dec 1963 - 25 Jul 1968 Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (1st Time) ................ 1916-1978 DC
25 Jun - 13 Dec 1968 Giovanne Leone (2nd Time)
13 Dec 1968 - 07 Aug 1970 Mariano Rumor (1st Time) ........................ 1915-1990 DC
07 Aug 1970 - 18 Feb 1972 Emilio Colombo .................................. 1920-2013 DC
18 Feb 1972 - 04 Jul 1973 Giulio Andreotti (1st Time) ..................... 1919-2013 DC
04 Jul 1973 - 02 Nov 1974 Mariano Rumor (2nd Time)
02 Nov 1974 - 29 Jul 1976 Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (2nd Time)
29 Jul 1976 - 05 Aug 1979 Giulio Andreotti (2nd Time)
05 Aug 1979 - 18 Oct 1980 Francesco Cossiga ............................... 1928-2010 DC
18 Oct 1980 - 28 Jul 1981 Arnaldo Forlani ................................. 1925-2023 DC
28 Jul 1981 - 30 Nov 1982 Giovanni Spadolini .............................. 1925-1994
30 Nov 1982 - 04 Aug 1983 Amintore Fanfani (4th Time)
04 Aug 1983 - 18 Apr 1987 Bettino Craxi ................................... 1934-2000
18 Apr - 29 Jul 1987 Amintore Fanfani (5th Time)
29 Jul 1987 - 13 Apr 1988 Giovanni Giuseppi Gloria ........................ 1943-1994 DC
13 Apr 1988 - 23 Jul 1989 Luigi Ciriaco de Mita ........................... 1928-2022 DC
23 Jul 1989 - 28 Jun 1992 Giulio Andreotti (3rd Time)
28 Jun 1992 - 29 Apr 1993 Giuliano Amato .................................. 1938-
29 Apr 1993 - 11 May 1994 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ............................ s.s
11 May 1994 - 17 Jan 1995 Silvio Berlusconi (1st Time) .................... 1936-2023 FI
17 Jan 1995 - 18 May 1996 Lamberto Dini ................................... 1931-
18 May 1996 - 23 Oct 1998 Romano Prodi (1st Time) ......................... 1939-
21 Oct 1998 - 26 Apr 2000 Massimo D'Alema ................................. 1949-
26 Apr 2000 - 11 Jun 2001 Giuliano Amato (2nd Time)
11 Jun 2001 - 17 May 2006 Silvio Berlusconi (2nd Time)
17 May 2006 - 08 May 2008 Romano Prodi (2nd Time)
08 May 2008 - 16 Nov 2011 Silvio Berlusconi (3rd Time)
16 Nov 2011 - 28 Apr 2013 Mario Monti ..................................... 1943-
28 Apr 2013 - 22 Feb 2014 Enrico Letta .................................... 1966- PD
22 Feb 2014 - 12 Dec 2016 Matteo Renzi .................................... 1975- PD
12 Dec 2016 - 01 Jun 2018 Paolo Gentiloni Silveri ......................... 1954- PD
01 Jun 2018 - 13 Feb 2021 Giuseppe Conte .................................. 1964-
13 Feb 2021 - 22 Oct 2022 Mario Draghi .................................... 1947-
22 Oct 2022 - Giorgia Meloni .................................. 1977- FdI
AP=Alternativa Popolare (Popular Alternative, Christian democracy, Conservative).
FdI=Fratelli d'Italia (Brothers of Italy, nationalism, right-wing populism)
FI=Forza Italia (Forward Italy, Centre-right, liberal conservative).
LN=Lega Nord (Northern League, fedarlist, Eurosceptic).
MDP=Articolo 1–Movimento Democratico e Progressista (Article1-Democratic
and Progressive Movement).
M5S=Movimento 5 Stella (5 Star Movement, Populism, Eurosceptic, direct democracy).
PD=Partito Democratico (Democratic Party, social-democratic, progressivism).
Former Parties
PCI=Partito Communista Italiano (Communist Party of Italy, Communist, dispanded 1991).
Trieste
752 Duchy of Trieste
790 Bishopic of Trieste
952 Part of Holy Roman Empire
1291 - 1381 Part of Republic of Venice
1299 Imperial Free City
Nov 1369 - 26 Jun 1380 Part of Republic of Venice
Oct 1382 Habsburg rule
23 Mar - 23 May 1797 French occupation
19 Nov 1805 - 04 Mar 1806 French occupation
01 May 1806 - 09 Apr 1809 Part of Italy
09 Apr 1809 Austrian occupation
14 Oct 1809 - 16 Oct 1813 Annexed by France
16 Oct 1813 Part of Austrian Empire
03 Nov 1918 Italian occupation
10 Sep 1919 Ceded to Italy by Austria
10 Sep 1943 - 02 May 1945 German occupation
23 Sep 1943 Part of the Italian Social Republic
01 May 1945 Joint Anglo-American-Yugoslav occupation
15 Sep 1947 - 26 Oct 1954 Free Territory of Trieste (U.N mandate)
26 Oct 1954 Divided between Italy and Yugoslavia
10 Nov 1975 Italy formally ends claim to former Zone B
Governors
1814 - 1815 Paul von Lederer
1815 Bernhard Freiherr von Rossetti
1815 - 1817 Anton von Spiegelfeld (1st Time)
1817 - 1819 Karol Graf Chotek von Cholkowa
1819 - 1823 Anton von Spiegelfeld (2nd Time)
1823 - 1835 Alfons Anton Prinz Porcia
1835 - 1841 Josef Freiherr von Weingarten
1841 - 1847 Franz Stadion Graf von Warthausen
1847 - 01 Nov 1848 Robert Altgraf zu Salm-Reifferscheidt
1848 Franz Gyulai von Marós-Németh
und Nadaska
1848 - 1850 Johann Freiherr von Grimschitz
1850 - 1854 Franz Graf von Wimpen
1854 - 1859 Karl Freiherr von Mertens
Statthalter
1859 - 1862 Friedrich Moritz Freiherr von Burger
1862 - 1867 Ernst Freiherr von Kollersperg
1867 - 1868 Eduard Freiherr von Bach
1868 - 26 Dec 1870 Karl Moering
1871 - 12 Jan 1872 Sisinio Freiherr von Pretis-Cagnodo (1st Time)
1872 - 1874 Alois Freiherr von Ceschi a Santa Croce
1874 - 12 Aug 1879 Felix Pino Freiherr von Freidenthal
12 Aug 1879 - 1890 Sisinio Freiherr von Pretis-Cagnodo (2nd Time)
1890 - 1897 Teodoro Ritter von Rinaldini
1897 - 1904 Leopold Graf von Goess
1904 - 1915 Konrad Maria Eusebius Prinz zu
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingfürst
1915 - 09 Nov 1918 Alfred Freiherr von Freis-Skene
General Civil Commissioners
03 Nov 1918 - 1919 Carlo Petitti di Roreto ......................... 1862-1933
31 Jul - 03 Dec 1919 Augusto Ciuffelli
03 Dec 1919 - 30 Oct 1922 Antonio Mosconi
Prefects of the Province of Trieste
01 Nov 1922 - 18 Jun 1924 Francesco Crispo Moncada
22 Jun 1924 - 11 Dec 1925 Amadeo Moroni
11 Dec 1925 - 15 Dec 1926 Giovanni Gasti
16 Dec 1926 - 16 Jul 1929 Bruno Fornaciari
16 Jun 1929 - 16 Jan 1933 Ettore Porro
16 Jan 1933 - 01 Aug 1936 Carlo Tiengo
01 Aug 1936 - 21 Aug 1939 Eolo Rebua
21 Aug 1939 - 07 Jun 1941 Dino Borri
07 Jun 1941 - 31 Jul 1943 Tullio Tamburini
01 Aug - 11 Sep 1943 Giuseppe Cocuzza
01 Oct 1943 - 28 Apr 1945 Bruno Coceani
28 Apr - 01 May 1945 Antonio De Berti
Sep 1947 - May 1951 Giovanni Tanasco
May 1951 - 1954 Giulio Cleva
Military Governor
- Zone A (Allied) -
02 May - Jul 1945 Bernard Cyril Freyberg (New Zealand)
Jul 1945 - Jul 1947 Alfred Connor Bowman (U.S)
Jul - 16 Sep 1947 James John Carnes
16 Sep 1947 - 31 Mar 1951 Sir Terence Sydney Airey (U.K)
01 Apr 1951 - 26 Oct 1954 Sir Thomas Willoughby Winterton (U.K)
- Zone B (Yugoslav) -
01 May 1945 - Sep 1947 Dušan Kveder .................................... 1915-1966
15 Sep 1947 - Mar 1951 Mirko Lenac ..................................... 1919-1956
Mar 1951 - 25 Oct 1954 Miloš Stamatovic ................................ 1914-1988
Landeshaupleute
1848 - 06 Apr 1861 Friedrich Freiherr
von und zu Grimschitz
06 Apr - Sep 1861 Gian Paolo, marchese Polesini
25 Sep 1861 - 16 Apr 1868 Francesco marchese Polesini
16 Apr 1868 - 23 Jan 1889 Francesco Vidulich
23 Jan 1889 - 24 Oct 1903 Matteo Campitelli
24 Oct 1903 - 09 Nov 1918 Lodovico Rizzi
Podestà (Mayors)
17 Oct 1850 - 20 Apr 1861 Muzio Giuseppe Spirito
Ritter de Tommasini ............................ 1794-1879
20 Apr 1861 - 02 Jun 1863 Stefano Conti
02 Jun 1863 - 13 May 1869 Carlo Porenta
13 May 1869 - 12 May 1879 Massimiliano D'Angeli
12 May 1879 - 27 Dec 1890 Ricardo Bazzoni
Jun 1891 - Apr 1897 Ferdinando Pitteri
Apr 1897 - 1900 Alfonso Dompieri
1900 - 1909 Luigi Ritter von Sandrinelli
1909 - 1915 Alfonso Valerio ................................. 1852-1942
Sindici
30 Oct 1918 - 17 Jul 1919 Alfonso Valerio (1st Time)
1919 Antono Noris
1919 - 1921 Alfonso Valerio (2nd Time)
1921 - 1922 Enrico Cavalieri
1922 - 1926 Giorgio Marco Pitacco (1st Time) ................ 1866-1945
Podestà
1926 - 1927 Carlo Archi
1928 - 1933 Giorgio Marco Pitacco (2nd Time)
1933 - 1938 Paolo Emilio Salem
1938 - 1943 Luigi Ruzzier
1943 - 1945 Cesare Pagnini .................................. 1899-1989
President of the Trieste Commune
1945 - 1949 Michele Miani
Mayor
18 Jul 1949 - 17 Sep 1957 Gianni Bartoli
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