Kampuchea (Cambodia)
Kingdom of Funan
Kingdom of Chenla
802 - 1431 Khmer Empire
1431 Kingdom of Cambodia
1431 - 1620 Vassal of Siam
1710 - 1720 Vassal of An Nam
1720 - 1834 Vassal of Siam
1834 - 1846 Vassal of Vietnam
1846 - 11 Aug 1863 Under suzerainty of Siam and Vietnam
11 Aug 1863 French protectorate
17 Oct 1887 Part of French Indochina
28 Jul 1941 - 08 Oct 1945 Japanese occupation
18 Mar 1945 Independence proclaimed
08 Oct 1945 - 1946 British occupation
09 Nov 1953 Independence, Kingdom of Cambodia
20 Dec 1954 Independence recognised by France
09 Oct 1970 Khmer Republic
05 Jan 1976 - 07 Jan 1979 Democratic Kampuchea
(retains UN recognition to 20 Nov 1991)
21 Dec 1978 - 26 Sep 1989 Occupied by Vietnam
07 Jan 1979 People's Republic of Cambodia
(not recognised by the UN)
01 May 1989 State of Cambodia
15 Mar 1992 - 30 Jun 1993 Under U.N Transitional authority administration
24 Sep 1993 - Kingdom of Cambodia (restored)
Monarchs
Soma
Kauditya I
Hun P'anhuang
P'an P'an
205-225 Fan Shih-Man
225 Fan Chi-Sheng
225-240 Fan Chan
240-287 Fan Hsun
245-287 Fan Chang
270-287 Fan Hsiung
357-370 Chandan I
434 Kaudinya II
434-435 Sresthavarman
484-514 Kaudinya Jayavarman
514-539 Rudravarman
600-611 Bhavavarman I
611-616 Mahendravarman
616-635 Isanavarman
635-657 Bhavavarman II
657-681 Jayavarman
681-700? Jayadevi
700-730 Nripatindravarman
730-750 Pushkakarman
750-770 Sambhuvarman
770-787 Rajendravarman
787-802 Mihipativarman
Emperors
802-850 Jayavarman II
850-877 Jayavarman III
877-889 Indravarman I
889-900 Yasovarman I
900-922 Harshavaman I
922-928 Isanavarman II
928-942 Jayavarman IV
942-944 Harshavarman II
944-968 Rajendravarman II
968-1001 Jayavarman V
1001-1002 Udayadityavarman I
1002 Jayaviravarman I
1002-1050 Suryavarman I
1050-1066 Udayadityavarman II
1066-1090 Harshavarman III
1090-1107 Jayavaman VI
1107-1113 Dharanindravarman I
1113-1150 Suryavarman II
1150-1160 Dharanidravarman II
1160-1166 Yasovarman II
1166-1177 Tribhuvanadityavarman I
1181-1219 Jayavarman VII
1219-1243 Indravarman II
1243-1295 Jayavarman VIII
1295-1308 Indravarman III
1308-1327 Indrajayavarman I
1327-1353 Jayavarman Paramesvara I
1362-1369 Nippean Bat I
1371-1377 Kalamegha I
1377-13.. Kambujadhitaja I
13..-1389 Dharamasokaraja I
1389-1404 Ponthea Yat I
1404-1427 Narayana Ramadhipati I
Kingdom of Cambodia
Kings
1427-1444 Sri Bodhya
1444-1486 Dharmara Jadhiraja I
1486-1512 Sri Sukontor I
1512-1516 Ney Kan I
1516-1566 Ang Chan I
1566-1576 Baron Reachea I
1576-1594 Chettha I
1594-1596 Reamea Chung Prey
1596-1599 Barom Reachea II
1599-1600 Barom Reachea III
1600-1603 Chau Ponhea Nhorm I
1603-1618 Barom Reachea IV
1618-1622 Chettha II
1628 Ponhea To
1628-1642 Outey I
1630-1642 Ponhea Nu
1640-1642 Ang Non
1642-1659 Chan
1659-1672 Barom Reachea V
1672-1673 Chettha III
1673-1674 Ang Chei
1674-1675 Ang Non
1675-1695 Chettha IV (1st Time)
1695-1699 Outey II
1699-1701 Ang Em (1st Time)
1701-1702 Chettha IV (2nd Time)
1702-1703 Thommo Reachea II
1703-1706 Chettha IV (3rd Time)
1706-1710 Thommo Reachea II (2nd Time)
1710-1722 Ang Em (2nd Time)
1722-1738 Satha II
1738-1747 Thommo Reachea II (3rd Time)
1747 Thommo Reachea III
1747-1749 Ang Tong (1st Time)
1749-1755 Chettha V
1755-1758 Ang Tong (2nd Time)
1758-1775 Outey II
1775-1796 Ang Nan II
1806 - Dec 1834 Ang Chan II
1835 - 1841 Ang Mey
1841 - 19 Oct 1860 Ang Duong
19 Oct 1860 - 25 Apr 1904 Norodom I .............................. 1834-1904
25 Apr 1904 - 09 Aug 1927 Sisovath I ............................. 1840-1927
09 Aug 1927 - 24 Apr 1941 Sisovath II Monivong ................... 1875-1941
24 Apr 1941 - 03 Mar 1955 Norodom II Sihanouk (1st Time) ......... 1922-2012
03 Mar 1955 - 03 Apr 1960 Norodom III Suramarit .................. 1896-1960
03 Apr - 06 Apr 1960 Chuop Hell (1st Time) .................. 1909-1975
(Head of State, acting)
06 Apr - 13 Jun 1960 Prince Sisowath Monireth ............... 1909-1975
13 Jun - 20 Jun 1960 Chuop Hell (2nd Time)
(Head of State, acting)
20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970 Norodom II Sihanouk (2nd Time)
(Prince Head of State)
20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970 Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak
Nearireath ............................ 1904-1975
(Ceremonial Head of State)
18 Mar 1970 - 24 Sep 1993 Monarchy Abolished
24 Sep 1993 - 06 Oct 2004 Norodom II Sihanouk (3rd Time)
06 Oct 1993 - 04 Jan 1995 Samdech Chea Sim (1st Time) ............ 1932-2015
(acting Head of State)
10 Apr - 20 Oct 2004 Samdech Chea Sim (2nd Time)
(acting Head of State)
14 Oct 2004 - Norodom IV Sihamoni .................... 1953-
Prime Ministers
18 Mar - 14 Aug 1945 Norodom II Sihanouk (1st Time) ......... s.a
14 Aug - 16 Oct 1945 Son Ngoc Thanh ......................... 1908-1977
17 Oct 1945 - 15 Dec 1946 Prince Sisovath Monireth
15 Dec 1946 - 17 Jul 1947 Prince Sisovath Youtevong .............. 1913-1947
25 Jul 1947 - 20 Feb 1948 Prince Sisovath Watchatavong ........... 1891-1972
20 Feb - 14 Aug 1948 Chhean Vam ............................. 1916-2000
14 Aug 1948 - 21 Jan 1949 Samdech Penn Nouth (1st Time) .......... 1906-1985
12 Feb - 20 Sep 1949 Yem Sambaur (1st Time) ................. 1913-1989
20 Sep - 30 Sep 1949 Ieu Koeus .............................. 1905-1950
01 Oct 1949 - 28 Apr 1950 Yem Sambaur (2nd Time)
30 May 1950 - 03 Mar 1951 Samdech Krom Luong Sisowath Monipong ... 1912-1956
03 Mar - 12 Oct 1951 Oum Chheang Sun ........................ 1900-19..
13 Oct 1951 - 16 Jun 1952 Huy Kanthoul ........................... 1909-1991
24 Jan - 22 Nov 1953 Samdech Penn Nouth (2nd Time)
23 Nov 1953 - 07 Apr 1954 Chan Nak ............................... 1892-1954
18 Apr 1954 - 26 Jan 1955 Samdech Penn Nouth (3rd Time)
26 Jan - 03 Oct 1955 Leng Ngeth ............................. 1900-1975
03 Oct 1955 - 05 Jan 1956 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (2nd Time) ..... s.a
03 Apr - 29 Jul 1956 Khim Tit ............................... 1896-1975
25 Oct 1956 - 09 Apr 1957 Sam Yun ................................ 1905-1974
26 Jul 1957 - 11 Jan 1958 Sim Var (1st Time) ..................... 1906-1989
11 Jan - 17 Jan 1958 Ek Yi Oun .............................. 1910-2013
29 Apr - 10 Jul 1958 Sim Var (2nd Time)
10 Jul 1958 - 19 Apr 1960 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (3rd Time)
19 Apr 1960 - 28 Jan 1961 Pho Proeung ............................ 1904-1975
28 Jan - 17 Nov 1961 Samdech Penn Nouth (4th Time)
17 Nov 1961 - 13 Feb 1962 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (4th Time)
13 Feb - 06 Aug 1962 Nhiek Tioulong ......................... 1908-1996
06 Aug - 06 Oct 1962 Chau Sen Cocsel Chhum .................. 1905-2009
06 Oct 1962 - 25 Oct 1966 Prince Nordom Kantol ................... 1920-1976
25 Oct 1966 - 30 Apr 1967 Gen. Lon Nol (1st Time) ................ 1913-1985 Mil
01 May 1967 - 31 Jan 1968 Son Sann ............................... 1911-2000
31 Jan 1968 - 14 Aug 1969 Samdech Penn Nouth (5th Time)
14 Aug 1969 - 18 Mar 1970 Gen. Lon Nol (2nd Time)
01 Jul 1993 - 06 Jul 1997 Prince Norodom Ranariddh ............... 1944-
16 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1998 Ung Hout ............................... 1945-
01 Dec 1998 - 22 Aug 2023 Jun Samdech Hun Sen .................... s.a KPK
(Second Prime Minister 21 Sep 1993 - 30 Nov 1998)
22 Aug 2023 - Hun Manet .............................. 1977- KPK
Khmer Republic
Heads of State
18 Mar 1970 - 10 Mar 1972 Cheng Heng ............................. 1916-1996
10 Mar 1972 - 12 Apr 1975 Gen. Lon Nol ........................... s.a Mil
12 Apr - 17 Apr 1975 Sak Suthsakan .......................... 1928-1994 Mil
(chairmen of the supreme committee)
Prime Ministers
18 Mar 1970 - 11 Mar 1972 Gen. Lon Nol ........................... s.a
11 Mar - 18 Mar 1972 Prince Sisowath Silik Matak ............ 1914-1975
18 Mar - 15 Oct 1972 Son Ngoc Thanh ......................... 1908-1977
15 Oct 1972 - 06 May 1973 Hang Thun Hak .......................... 1926-1975
06 May - 09 Dec 1973 In Tam ................................. 1916-2006
26 Dec 1973 - 17 Apr 1975 Long Boret ............................. 1933-1975
Democratic Kampuchea
17 Apr 1975 - 07 Jan 1979 Democratic Kampuchea
21 Dec 1978 Invasion by Vietnam
07 Jan 1979 Khmer Rouge regime ousted from Phnom Penh by
Vietnamese forces
07 Jan 1979 - 1993 In exile in North-west Cambodia and Thailand
(retains UN recognition until 20 Nov 1991)
22 Jun 1982 Democratic Kampuchea coalition government formed in
exile in Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia
03 Feb 1990 National Government of Cambodia
02 Jul 1993 Dissolved
11 Jul 1994 - 22 Jun 1998 Khmer Rouge provisional government at Pailin
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea
22 Feb 1963 - 06 Dec 1981 Pol Pot Solath Sar ..................... 1925-1998 CPK
(in internal exile from 07 Jan 1979)
Heads of State
17 Apr 1975 - 11 Apr 1976 Norodom Sihanouk (1st Time) ............ s.a
11 Apr 1976 - 22 Jun 1982 Khieu Samphan .......................... 1931- CPK
(in rebellion from 07 Jan 1979)
22 Jun 1982 - Jul 1991 Nordom Sihanouk (2nd Time)
(in Beijing, China exile)
Jul 1991 - 02 Jul 1993 Son Sann ............................... s.a BLDP
(in exile in Paris, France)
Prime Ministers
17 Apr 1975 - 04 Apr 1976 Samdech Penn Nouth ..................... 1906-1985
04 Apr - 13 May 1976 Khieu Samphan (1st Time) ............... s.a
13 May 1976 - 07 Jan 1979 Pol Pot Solath Sar ..................... s.a
07 Jan 1979 - 22 Jun 1982 Khieu Samphan (2nd Time)
22 Jun 1982 - 02 Jul 1993 Son Sann ............................... s.a
11 Jul 1994 - 22 Jun 1998 Khieu Samphan (3rd Time)
CPK=Communist Party of Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge), banned 1979.
Note: When it ousted the government of Lon Nol in 1975, the Khmer Rouge
installed the former King Norodom Sihanouk and his former Prime Minister
Penn Nouth as heads of state and government before replaycing them with
a fully revolutionary Communist system. Despite its name, the Khmer Rouge
persued an extreme nationalist agenda culminating in a genocide of ethnic
minorities and those deemed class enemies. When the Khmer Rouge was ousted
by the Vietnamese in 1979, they continued to fight a guerrilla war against
the new Vietnamese installed government and renained U.N recognistion,
though not from the Soviet Union and its allies. After removing Pol Pot
the Khmer Rouge attempted to moderate its image and entered into an alliance
with other parties against the pro-Vietnamese government. A political solution
was negociated after the Vietnamese withdrawl and a new government receieved
recognician in 1991.
People's Republic of Cambodia
Secretaries-General of the Kampuchean Communist Party
10 Jan 1979 - 05 Dec 1981 Pen Sowan .............................. 1936-2016
05 Dec 1981 - 17 Oct 1991 Heng Samlin ............................ 1934-
Chairman of the Council of State
07 Jan 1979 - 06 Apr 1992 Heng Samlin ............................ s.a
Prime Ministers
27 Jun - 05 Dec 1981 Pen Sovan .............................. s.a
05 Dec 1981 - 26 Dec 1984 Chan Sy ................................ 1932-1984
14 Jan 1985 - 06 Apr 1992 Jun Samdech Hun Sen .................... 1951-
Commanders of the Vietnamese Forces in Cambodia
1978 - 1979 Gen. Lê Trọng Tấn ...................... 1914-1986
1979 - 1989 Lê Đức Anh ............................. 1920-2019
Cambodia (UNTAC)
Head of the United Nations Transitional Authority
15 Jun 1992 - 26 Sep 1993 Yasushi Akashi ......................... 1931- (Japan)
Supreme Head of State
20 Nov 1991 - 24 Sep 1993 Norodom II Sihanouk .................... s.a
Chairman of the Council of State
06 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 Chea Sim ............................... s.a