Somalia

Somalia

16 Mar 1905 - 31 Mar 1950 Italian Colony of Somaliland

16 Mar 1941 - 31 Mar 1950 British occupation

01 Apr 1950 - 30 Jun 1960 UN trust territory, under Italian administration

01 Jul 1960 -             Republic of Somalia

21 Oct 1969 - 27 Jan 1991 Socialist Republic of Somalia

01 Jan 1991               Somalia collapses, with no central contol over the state

18 May 1991 -             Secession of Somaliland

21 Jul 1991               Somali Republic

27 Jul 1992 - 27 Aug 2000 UN declares Somalia a country "without a government"

02 Aug 2012               Federal Republic of Somalia

Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party

01 Jul 1976 - 27 Jan 1991 Maxamed Siyaad Barre ................. 1919-1995


Presidents

01 Jul 1960 - 10 Jun 1967 Aaden Cabdulla Cismaan Daar .......... 1908-2007

10 Jun 1967 - 15 Oct 1969 Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke ......... 1919-1969

15 Oct      - 21 Oct 1969 Sheekh Mukhtaar Maxamed Xuseen ....... 1912-2012

21 Oct 1969 - 27 Jan 1991 Maxamed Siyaad Barre ................. s.a

29 Jan 1991 - 03 Jan 1997 Cali Mahdi Maxamed ................... 1938-2021

15 Jun 1995 - 31 Jul 1996 Maxamed Faarax Caydiid ............... 1934-1996

                          (interim; in rebellion)

04 Aug 1996 - 20 Mar 1998 Xuseen Maxamed Faarax ................ 1942-

                          (interim; in rebellion)

03 Jan 1997 - 22 Aug 2000 Co-Chairmen of National Salvation

                        - Cali Mahdi Maxamed

                        - Osman Xasan Cali

                        - Cabdulqadir Maxamed Daar

                        - Cabdullahi Yuusuf Axmad

                        - Aden Cabdullahi Nur

22 Aug      - 27 Aug 2000 Cabdullahi Derow Isaq ................ 1950-2006

27 Aug 2000 - 14 Oct 2004 Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xusean

                          (in Djibouti exile to 14 Oct 2000;

                            confinde to Mogadishu area)

14 Oct 2004 - 29 Dec 2008 Cabdullahi Yuusuf Axmed .............. 1934-2012

                          (in exile to 2005)

29 Jun      - 28 Dec 2006 Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmad

                          (Chairman of the Islamic courts Union;

                           controlling Mogadishu and parts of Southern Somalia)

29 Dec 2008 - 31 Jan 2009 Sheekh Aaden Maxamed Nuur

                          (in Baidoa)

31 Jan 2009 - 20 Aug 2012 Shariif Sheekh Axmad ................. 1964-

                          (in Djibouti exile)

20 Aug      - 28 Aug 2012 Muuse Xasan Sheekh Sayyid Cabdulleh

                          (interim)

28 Aug      - 10 Sep 2012 Prof. Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari ........ 1945-

                          (interim)

10 Sep 2012 - 08 Feb 2017 Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud (1st Time) ..... 1955-

                          (acting from 28 Dec 2016)

08 Feb 2017 - 15 May 2022 Maxamed Cabdillaahi Maxamed "Farmaajo" 1962-

15 May 2022 -             Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud (2nd Time)



Prime Minsters

01 Jul      - 12 Jul 1960 Maxamed Haji Ibrahim Egal ............ 1928-2002

12 Jul 1960 - 14 Jun 1964 Cabdirashid Cali Shermarke ........... (s.a)

14 Jun 1964 - 15 Jun 1967 Cabdirizak Haji Xasan ................ 1924-2014

15 Jun 1967 - 01 Nov 1969 Maxamed Haji Ibrahim Egal (2nd Time)

01 Nov 1969 -    Mar 1970 Maxamed Faarax Salaad

       1970 - 31 Jan 1987 Post Abolished

01 Feb 1987 - 03 Sep 1990 Maxamed Cali Samatar ................. 1931-2016

03 Sep 1990 - 24 Jan 1991 Maxamed Hawaadlee Madar .............. 1939-2005

24 Jan 1991 - 03 Jan 1997 Cumar Carte Qaalib ................... 1930-2020

08 Oct 2000 - 28 Oct 2001 Cali Khaliif Galayr .................. 1941-

28 Oct      - 12 Nov 2001 Cismaan Jaamac Cali .................. 1941-

                          (acting)

12 Nov 2001 - 08 Dec 2003 Xasan Cabshir Faraax ................. 1945-

08 Dec 2003 - 03 Nov 2004 Maxamed Cabdi Yuusuf

03 Nov 2004 - 29 Oct 2007 Cali Maxamed Geedi ................... 1952-

29 Jun      - 28 Dec 2006 Shariif Sheekh Axmad

                          (Islamic Courts Union)

29 Oct      - 24 Nov 2007 Saalim Caliyoow Ibroow

                          (acting)

24 Nov 2007 - 14 Feb 2009 Nuur Xasan Xuseen .................... 1938-2020

16 Dec      - 24 Dec 2009 Maxammd Maxmud Guled

                          (in opposition)

14 Feb 2009 - 21 Sep 2010 Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke ... 1960-

24 Sep      - 01 Nov 2010 Cabdiwaxiid Elmi Gonjeh

                          (acting)

01 Nov 2010 - 19 Jun 2011 Maxamed Cabdullani Maxamed ........... 1962-

19 Jun 2011 - 06 Oct 2012 Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali ............... 1965-

                          (acting)

06 Oct 2012 - 12 Dec 2013 Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon Saacid ......... 1958-

12 Dec 2013 - 24 Dec 2014 Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed ............... 1959-

24 Dec 2014 - 01 Mar 2017 Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke ... s.a

01 Mar 2017 - 25 Jul 2020 Xasan Cali Khayre .................... 1968-

25 Jul 2020 - 25 Jun 2022 Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed

                          (susspended 27 Dec 2021 - 22 Jan 2022)

25 Jun 2022 -             Xamse Cabdi Barre .................... 1974-


Galmudug

Presidents

14 Aug 2006 - 14 Aug 2009 Maxamed Warsame Cali ................. 1937-2019

14 Aug 2009 - 14 Aug 2012 Maxamed Axmed Calin

14 Aug 2012 - 23 Jul 2015 Cabdi Xasan Cawaale

23 Jul 2015 - 26 Feb 2017 Cabdi Kariim Xuseen

26 Feb      - 03 May 2017 Maxamed Xaashi Cabdi 

03 May 2017 - 12 Apr 2020 Axmed Ducaale Geelle

12 Apr 2020 -             Axmed Cabdi Kaariye


Chief minister

06 Dec 2017 - 02 Feb 2020 Maxamed Cali Xasan

Somaliland

       1546 - 07 Sep 1874 Part of the Ottoman Empire (Under Mecca 1630-1830)

07 Sep 1874               Annexed by Egypt

   Feb 1884 - 26 Jun 1960 British Colony of Somaliland

20 Jul 1887 -        1905 British Somaliland protectorate, subordinated to Aden

19 Aug 1940 - 16 Mar 1941 Occupied by Italy

26 Jun 1960               Independence from Britain

01 Jul 1960 - 18 May 1991 Unification with Italian Somalia, as Somali Republic

18 May 1991               Secession from Somalia (not recognised)

24 May 1991 -             Republic of Somaliland proclaimed

 

Presidents

28 May 1991 - 16 May 1993 Cabduraxman Axman Cali ............... 1931-2003

16 May 1993 - 03 May 2002 Maxamed Haji Ibrahim Egal ............ (s.a)

03 May 2002 - 26 Jul 2010 Daxir Riyale Kaxiin .................. 1952-

26 Jul 2010 - 14 Dec 2017 Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud Siilaanyo ..... 1936-

14 Dec 2017 -             Muuse Bixi Cabdi ..................... 1948-

 

 

Prime Minister

26 Jun      - 30 Jun 1960 Maxamed Haji Ibrahim Egal ............ (s.a)

Jubaland (Azania)

 

01 Jul 1895 - 15 Jul 1924 British rule, part of Kenya

15 Jul 1924               Ceded to Italy by Britain

01 Jul 1926               Annexed to Italian Somaliland

03 Sep 1998               State of Jubaland

18 Jun 2001               State taken by Mogadishu government

24 Sep 2006 - 01 Jan 2007 Capital taken by Islamic Courts Union

01 Jan 2007               Capital taken by Mogadishu government

03 Apr 2011               Azania autonomous state declared (in Kenya exile)

28 Aug 2013 -             Administration recognised by Somalia

20 Jan 2014 -             Interim administration established


High Commissioner

10 Jul 1925 - 31 Dec 1926 Corrado Zoli ......................... 1877-1951

Leaders

03 Sep 1998 - 11 Jun 1999 Maxamed Siyad Hersi .................. 1949-

11 Jun 1999 - 18 Jun 2001 Axmed Warsame

President

03 Apr 2011 - 15 May 2013 Maxamed Cabdi Maxamed

                          (in Nairobi, Kenya exile)

Chairman of the Executive Council of Jubba Interim Administration

15 May 2013 -             Axmed Maxamed Islam .................. 1961-

                          (President to 20 Mar 2014)


Puntland

1600 - 1927               Punt Sultanate

03 Mar 1905               Mahdiyah proclaimed in Noogal, supressed by Italy in 1911

23 Jul 1998 -             Autonomous Puntland State declared (unrecognised to 2012)

 

Sultans

1800-1815 Harti, Maxamuud IV

1815-1842 Harti, Cismaan II

1842-1844 Harti, Yuusuf IV

1844-1860 Harti, Maxamuud V ibn Yuusuf

1860-1927 Harti, Cismaan III in Maxamuud

 

Mahdi

03 Mar 1905 - 1911        Sayiid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan "the Mad Mullah"

 

Presidents

23 Jul 1998 - 30 Jun 2001 Cabdullaxi Yuusuf Axmed (1st Time) .. 1934-2012

01 Jul      - 14 Nov 2001 Yuusuf Haji Nur

14 Nov 2001 - 08 May 2002 Jama Ali Jamma

08 May 2002 -    Oct 2004 Cabdullaxi Yuusuf Axmed (2nd Time)

   Oct 2004 - 08 Jan 2005 Maxamed Cabdi Hashi

08 Jan 2005 - 08 Jan 2009 Maxamed Muse Hersi

08 Jan 2009 - 08 Jan 2014 Cabdiaxman Maxamuud Faroole ......... 1945-

08 Jan 2014 - 08 Jan 2019 Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali .............. 1965-

08 Jan 2019 -             Saciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed