Perú / Piruw
100 - 750 AD Moche civilization in North-west Peru
100 - 800 CE Nazca civilization in southern Peru
900 - 1470 Chimu civilization in North-west Peru
c. 500 - 1100 Wari (Huari) Empire
1197 - 1533 Kingdom of Cusco
1438 - 1533 Tawantinsuyu (Inca Empire)
16 Nov 1532 Spanish conquistadors capture Inca emperor Atahualpa
15 Nov 1533 Spanish conquest of the Inca capital of Qusqu (Cusco)
1536 - 1572 Neo-Inca State in rebellion to Spanish conquest
in Willkapampa (Vilcambamba)
18 Jan 1535 Spanish colony of Nueva Castilla (New Castille)
20 Nov 1542 - 28 Jul 1821 Viceroyalty of Peru
24 Jun 1572 Neo-Inca state is extinguished by Spain
27 May 1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada separated from Peru
(reincorporated into Peru 11 May 1724 - 20 Aug 1739)
08 Aug 1776 Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata separated from Peru
04 Nov 1780 - 1783 Anti-Spanish rebellion
20 Jul 1811 - 22 Jan 1826 War of independence
28 Jul 1821 Independence from Spain declared
03 Aug 1821 State of Peru
19 Dec 1822 Peruvian Republic
17 Mar 1836 - 20 Feb 1839 Part of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation (Peru devided into
North Peru and South Peru)
25 Aug 1838 Peruvian Republic
23 Feb 1839 Confederation extinguished
23 Apr 1865 Independence recognised by Spain
14 Aug 1879 Independence formally recognised by Spain
28 Sep 1881 - 23 Oct 1883 Chilean occupation of Lima
20 Oct 1883 Arica, Tacna and Tarapacá annexed by Chile
03 Jun 1929 Tacna restored to Peru
28 Jul 1980 - República del Perú / Piruw Republika (Republic of Peru)
Pre-Colombian Peru
Chimor Kingdom
Kings
900 - 960 Tayacanamo
960 - 1020 Guacricuar
1020 - 1080 Nancempinco
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1440 - 1470 Minchancaman
Kings of Cusco
c.1200 Hurin, Manqo Qhapaq I (Manco Cápac I)
c.1230 Hurin, Sinchi Rok'a Inka (Sinchi Ruq'a)
c.1260 Hurin, Lloqe Yupanki Inka (Lloque Yupanqui)
c.1290 Hurin, Mayta Qhapaq (Mayta Cápac)
c.1320 Hurin, Qhapaq Yupank'i Inka (Cápac Yucanqui)
c.1350 Hanan, Inka Roq'a (Inca Roca)
c.1380 Hanan, Yawar Waqaq Inka (Yáhuar Huácac Inca)
1380-1400 Hanan, Wiraqocha (Viracocha)
1400-1438 Hanan, Inka Urqo (Inca Urco)
Inca Emperors
1438 - 1471 Hanan, Pachiqutiq Yupanki (Pachacuti Inca Yupank'i)
14.. - 1470 Hanan, Minchanqaman Chimu (Minchancaman Chimu)
1471 - 1493 Hanan, Tupaq I Kusi Yupank'i (Túpac Inca)
1493 - 1525 Hanan, Wayna Qhupaq (Huayna Cápac)
1525 - 1532 Hanan, Wasqar Inka (Huáscar)
1532 - 29 Aug 1533 Hanan, Atawallpa (Atahualpa) ................... 1502-1533
(prisoner of Francisco Pizarro from 16 Nov 1532)
25 Jul - Oct 1533 Hanan, Tupaq Wallpa (Túpac Hualpa)
Oct 1533 - 1544 Hanan, Manqo Qhupaq II (Manco Cápac)
(Spanish installed emperor to 1536,
ruled the Neo-Inca state in Vilcambamba thereafter)
1537 - 1549 Cristobal Huáscar Paullu Inca .................. 1518-1549
(Spanish client in Cuzco)
1549 - 1582 Carlos Inca .................................... 1537-1582
(Spanish installed regent in Cuzco)
1544 - 1561 Hanan, Sayri Tupaq (Sayri Túpac)
(Neo-Inca emperor in Vilcambamba)
1561 - 1571 Hanan, Titu Qhusi (Titu Cusi Yupanqui) ......... 1529-1571
(Don Diego de Castro)
1571 - 24 Sep 1572 Hanan, Túpac Amaru I ........................... 1545-1572
(in Vilcambamba)
May 1742 - 1756 Juan Santos Atahualpa Apu-Inca Huayna Cápac .... 1710-1756
(in rebellion)
04 Nov 1780 - 18 May 1781 José Gabriel Túpac Amaru II .................... 1742-1781
(in rebellion)
18 May 1781 - 1783 Tupac Amaru III
(in rebellion)
Viceroyalty of Peru
Governors of New Castille
26 Jul 1533 - 26 Jun 1541 Francisco Pizarro González,
marqués de los Atabillos ...................... 1475-1541
26 Jun 1541 - 16 Sep 1542 Diego de Almagro II "El Mozo" .................. 1520-1542
15 Sep 1542 - 17 May 1544 Cristóbal Vaca de Castro ....................... 1492-1566
Viceroys
17 May 1544 – 18 Jan 1546 Blasco Núñez Vela Villalba
10 Apr 1547 – 27 Jan 1550 Pedro de la Gasca .............................. 1485-1567
23 Sep 1551 – 21 Jul 1552 Antonia de Mendoza y Pacheco,
marqués de Mondéjar, conde de Tendilla
21 Jul 1552 – 29 Jun 1556 Melchor Bravo de Saravia y Sotomayor ........... 1512-1577
29 Jun 1556 – 30 Mar 1561 Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza y Cabrera,
marqués of Cañete
17 Apr 1561 – 20 Feb 1564 Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco,
conde de Nieva ................................ 1510-1564
20 Feb – 02 Sep 1564 Juan de Saavedra
02 Sep 1564 – 26 Nov 1569 Lope García de Castro .......................... 1516-1576
(interim)
26 Nov 1569 – 23 Sep 1581 Francisco Álvarez de Toledo .................... 1515-1582
23 Sep 1582 – 13 Mar 1583 Martín Enríquez de Almanza y Ulloa ............. 1508-1583
13 Mar 1583 – 31 Mar 1584 Cristóbal Ramírez de Cartagena ................. 15..-1594
(President of the Audiencia)
31 Mar 1584 – 20 Nov 1589 Fernando Torres de Portugal y
Mesía Venegas y Ponce de León,
conde de Villa Don Pardo ...................... 15..-1592
08 Jan 1590 – 24 Jul 1596 García Hurtado de Mendoza y Manrique,
marqués de Cañete ............................. 1535-1609
24 Jul 1596 – 18 Jan 1604 Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas
del Río Pisquerga ............................. 1539-1617
18 Jan 1604 – 16 Mar 1606 Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y Fonseca,
conde de Monterrey ............................ 1560-1606
16 Mar 1606 – 21 Dec 1607 Diego Núñez de Avendaño ........................ 15..-1607
(President of the Audiencia)
21 Dec 1607 – 18 Dec 1615 Juan Manuel de Mendoza y Luna Manrique Hurtado
y Padilla, marqués de Montesclaros ............ 1571-1628
18 Dec 1615 – 31 Dec 1621 Francisco de Borja y Aragón,
príncipe de Esquilache, conde de Rebolledo .... 1581-1658
31 Dec 1621 – 25 Jul 1622 Juan Jiménez de Montalvo ....................... 1561-1629
(President of the Audiencia)
25 Jul 1622 – 14 Jan 1629 Diego Fernández de Córdoba y López
de las Roelas Benavides y Melgarejo,
marqués de Guadalcázar ........................ 1589-1647
14 Jan 1629 – 18 Dec 1639 Luis Xerónimo Fernández de Cabrera Bobadilla
Cerda y Mendoza, conde de Chinchón ............ 1589-1647
18 Dec 1639 – 20 Sep 1648 Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva,
marqués de Mancera ............................ 1585-1654
20 Sep 1648 – 24 Feb 1655 García Sarmiento de Sotomayor Enríquez y Luna,
conde de Salvatierra e marquês de Sobroso ..... 1595-1659
25 Feb 1655 – 31 Jul 1661 Luis Enríquez de Guzmán y Coresma,
conde de Alba de Liste ........................ 1610-1667
31 Jul 1661 – 16 Mar 1666 Diego IV de Benavides y de la Cueva,
conde de Santisteban .......................... 1607-1666
16 Mar 1666 – 21 Nov 1667 Bernardo de Iturriaza y Mansilla (1st Time) .... 1608-1678
(president of the Audiencia)
21 Nov 1667 – 06 Dec 1672 Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro Andrade y Portugal,
duque de Taurisano, marqués de Sarria,
conde de Lemos, conde de Andrade,
conde de Villalba ............................. 1632-1672
06 Dec 1672 – 15 Aug 1674 Bernardo de Iturriaza y Mansilla (2nd Time)
(President of the Audiencia)
15 Aug 1674 – 07 Jul 1678 Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez,
conde de Castellar ............................ 1627-1686
07 Jul 1678 – 02 Nov 1681 Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros,
arzobispo de Lima ............................. 1629-1708
02 Nov 1681 – 15 Aug 1689 Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull Martínez
de Arroytia y Vique, duque de la Palata ....... 1626-1681
15 Aug 1689 – 22 Sep 1705 Melchor Antonio Portocarrero y Laso de la Vega,
conde de Monclova ............................. 1636-1705
22 Sep 1705 – 07 Jul 1707 Juan Peñalosa y Benavides ...................... 1625-1709
(President of the Audiencia)
07 Jul 1707 – 25 Apr 1710 Manuel de Sentmenat-Oms de Santa Pau i d'Lanuza 1651-1710
25 Apr – 14 Sep 1710 Miguel Núñez de Sanabria ....................... 1645-1729
(President of the Audiencia)
14 Sep 1710 – 02 Mar 1716 Diego Ladrón de Guevara Orozco y Calderón,
arzobispo de Quito ............................ 1641-1718
02 Mar – 15 Aug 1716 Mateo de la Mata y Ponce de León ............... 1645-1720
(President of the Audiencia)
15 Aug – 05 Oct 1716 Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón de Robledo,
arzobispo de Charcas (1st Time) ............... 1642-1730
05 Oct 1716 – 26 Jan 1720 Carmíneo Nicolás Caracciolo,
Príncipe de Santo Buono ....................... 1671-1720
26 Jan 1720 – 14 May 1724 Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón de Robledo,
arzobispo de Lima (2nd Time)
14 May 1724 – 04 Jan 1736 José de Armendáriz y Perurena Garrués
de Usechi y Urquijo, marqués de Castelfuerte .. 1670-1740
04 Jan 1736 – 12 Jul 1745 José Antonio de Mendoza Caamaño y Sotomayor,
marqués de Villa-García, conde de Barrantes ... 1667-1746
12 Jul 1745 – 12 Oct 1761 José Antonio Manso de Velasco y Sánchez
de Samaniego,conde de Superunda ............... 1688-1767
12 Oct 1761 – 17 Jul 1776 Manuel d’Amat i Junyent Planella Aymerich
i Santa Pau ................................... 1704-1782
17 Jul 1776 – 21 Jul 1780 José Manuel de Guírior Portal de Huarte Erdozáin
y González de Sepúlveda, marqués de Guirior ... 1708-1788
21 Jul 1780 – 06 Apr 1784 Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa .................. 1708-1784
06 Apr 1784 – 25 Mar 1790 Teodoro Francisco de Croix-Heuchin,
conde de Croix ................................ 1730-1791
25 Mar 1790 – 06 Jun 1796 Francisco Gil de Taboada Lemos y Villamarín .... 1733-1810
06 Jun 1796 – 18 Mar 1801 Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins y O'Higgins ........ 1720-1801
(Ambrós Brían hUiginn)
06 Nov 1801 – 25 Jul 1806 Gabriel Miguel de Avilés y del Fierro,
marqués de Avilés ............................. 1735-1810
25 Jul 1806 – 07 Jul 1816 José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa,
marqués de Concordia
07 Jul 1816 – 29 Jan 1821 Joaquín González de la Pezuela Griñán y Sánchez
de Aragón Muñoz de Velasco, marqués de Viluma . 1761-1830
29 Jan 1821 – 09 Dec 1824 José de la Serna y Martínez de Hinojosa,
conde de los Andes ............................ 1770-1832
(in Cuzco)
16 Dec - 30 Dec 1824 Juan Pío Camilo de Tristán y Moscoso
Carasa y Múzquiz .............................. 1773-1860
Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839 Andrés de Santa Cruz Villavicencio
y Calahuamana ................................. 1792-1865
Peruvian Republic
Protector
08 Sep 1820 - 20 Sep 1822 José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras ......... 1778-1850
President of the Constituent Congress
20 Sep 1820 Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza y Collantes ........ 1750-1825
(acting)
20 Sep - 22 Sep 1822 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizzaro y Pacheco Araus. 1780-1855
(1st Time)
President of the Supreme Governing Junta
22 Sep 1822 - 27 Feb 1823 José Domingo de la Merced de la Mar y Cortázar .. 1778-1830
(1st Time)
Interm Administrator
27 Feb - 28 Feb 1823 José Bernando de Tagley Portocarreo,
marqués de Torre Tagel, marqués de Trujillo ..... 1779-1825
(1st Time)
Presidents
28 Feb - 23 Jun 1823 José Mariano de la Cruz de la Riva Agüero
y Sánchez Boquete .............................. 1783-1858 Mil
23 Jun - 17 Jul 1823 Antonio José Francisco de Sucre ................. 1795-1830 Mil
17 Jul 1823 - 18 Feb 1824 José Bernando de Tagley Portocarreo,
marqués de Torre Tagel, marqués de Trujillo (2nd Time)
18 Feb 1824 - 28 Jan 1827 Simón José de la Santísima Trinidad
Bolívar y Palacios ............................. 1783-1830 Mil
28 Jan - 09 Jun 1827 José Andrés de Santa Cruz y Villavicencio
y Calaumana .................................... 1792-1865 Mil
09 Jun - 22 Aug 1827 Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano ...................... 1777-1850 Mil
22 Aug 1827 - 06 Jun 1829 José Domingo La Mar y Cortázar (2nd Time)
06 Jun - 01 Sep 1829 Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente .................. 1796-1878 Mil
01 Sep 1829 - 20 Dec 1833 Agustín Gamarra y Messia ........................ 1785-1841 Mil
20 Dec - 21 Dec 1833 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizzaro y Pacheco (2nd Time)
21 Dec 1833 - 11 Aug 1836 Luis José de la Mercedes Orbegoso
y Moncada Galdino (1st Time) ................... 1795-1847 Mil
25 Aug 1838 - 18 Nov 1841 Agustín Gamarra y Messia (2nd Time)
(provisional to 11 Jul 1840)
18 Nov 1841 - 16 Aug 1842 Manuel Menéndez y Gorozable (1st Time) .......... 1793-1847 Mil
16 Aug - 17 Oct 1842 Juan Crisóstomo Torrico González ................ 1808-1875 Mil
17 Oct 1842 - 15 Mar 1843 Juan Francisco de Videl La Hoz .................. 1800-1869 Mil
20 Mar 1843 - 17 Jun 1844 Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco e Iturralde ........... 1806-1871 Mil
17 Jun - 10 Aug 1844 Domingo Elías y Carbajo ......................... 1805-1867 Mil
07 Oct 1844 - 20 Apr 1845 Manuel Menéndez y Gorozable (2nd Time)
20 Apr 1845 - 20 Apr 1851 Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (1st Time) .......... 1797-1867 Mil
20 Apr 1851 - 05 Jan 1855 José Rufino Echenique y Benaventé ............... 1808-1887 Mil
05 Jan 1855 - 24 Oct 1862 Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (2nd Time)
24 Oct 1862 - 03 Apr 1863 Miguel de San Román y Meza ...................... 1802-1863 Mil
03 Apr 1863 - 08 Nov 1865 Juan Antonio Pezet y Rodríguez Piedra ........... 1809-1879 Mil
28 Nov 1865 - 07 Jan 1868 Marino Ignacio Prado Ochoa (1st Time) ........... 1826-1901 Mil
07 Jan 1868 - 22 Jul 1872 José Toribio Balta Montrero ..................... 1814-1872 Mil
23 Jul - 26 Jul 1872 Tomás Gutiérrez Rojas ........................... 18..-1872 Mil
(Supreme Chief of State)
27 Jul - 02 Aug 1872 Manuel Pardo y Zevallos ......................... 1820-1873 Mil
(acting)
02 Aug 1872 - 02 Aug 1876 Manuel Justo Pardo y Lavalle .................... 1834-1878
02 Aug 1876 - 23 Dec 1879 Marino Ignacio Prado (2nd Time)
23 Dec 1879 - 12 Mar 1881 José Nicolás Baltazar Fernández
de Piérola y Villena (1st Time) ................ 1839-1913
(Supreme protector of the indigenous race [in
rebellion to Chilean occupation 22 May 1880 - 31 Jul 1881])
12 Mar - 06 Nov 1881 Francisco García Calderón Martínez y Landa ...... 1834-1905
(Chilean prisoner from 6 Nov 1881)
15 Nov 1881 - 28 Oct 1883 Lizardo Montero Flores .......................... 1832-1905 Mil
(acting [in opposition to Chilean occupation])
28 Oct 1883 - 02 Mar 1884 Andrés Avelino Alfredo Cáceras Dorregaray ....... 1836-1890
(acting [nominally for García Calderón], continuing
in dissidence to 16 Aug 1884, then as president to 3 Dec 1885)
31 Aug 1881 - 03 Dec 1885 Miguel Iglesias Pino de Arce .................... 1830-1909
("Regenerator president" [in opposition to Chilean
occupation provisional from 01 Mar 1884])
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
24 Feb - 03 Apr 1825 José Domingo La Mar y Cortázar (1st Time)
03 Apr 1825 - 05 Jan 1826 José Hipólito Unánue Pavón (1st Time) ........... 1755-1833
05 Jan - 25 Feb 1826 José Domingo La Mar y Cortázar (2nd Time)
25 Feb - 29 Jun 1826 José Hipólito Unánue Pavón (2nd Time)
29 Jun 1826 - 07 Jun 1829 José Andrés de Santa Cruz y
Villavicencio y Calaumana
12 Sep - 10 Oct 1835 Agustín Gamarra y Messia
10 Oct - 28 Dec 1835 Juan Bautista de Lavalle Zugasti ................ 1779-1851
28 Dec 1835 - 17 Mar 1836 Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros y de la Mata ......... 1793-1872
Dec 1856 - 1857 Juan Manuel del Mar Bernardo
15 Feb 1857 - 12 Apr 1858 José María Raygada y Gallo
15 Jul 1858 - Jun 1859 Miguel Pascal San Román y Meza
27 Oct 1862 - 10 Apr 1863 Juan Antonio Pezet
10 Apr 1863 - 10 Aug 1864 Juan Antonio Ribeyro Estrada
10 Aug - 14 Oct 1864 Manuel Cortas y Acre
11 Oct 1864 - 03 Apr 1865 Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco
14 Jul - 06 Nov 1865 Pedro José Calderón
Aug - 26 Sep 1865 Mariano Ignacio Prado Ochoa (1st Time)
(under Canseco)
26 Sep - 15 Nov 1865 Juan Antonio Ugarteche
15 Nov - 28 Nov 1865 Francesco Javier Mariátegui y Tellería
28 Nov 1865 - 15 Feb 1867 Mariano Ignacio Prado Ochoa (2nd Time)
02 Mar - 26 Apr 1867 Pedro José Tordoya Montoya
12 Jun 1867 - 08 Jan 1868 Pedro Paz Soldán y Ureta
26 Jan - 02 Apr 1868 José Luis Gómez Sánchez y Rivero
02 Apr - 02 Aug 1868 Antonio Gutiérrez de La Fuente
02 Aug 1868 - 13 Apr 1869 Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza
16 Apr 1869 - 01 Aug 1871 Juan Francisco Balta y Montero
03 Aug 1871 - 22 Jul 1872 José Allende
03 Aug 1872 - 03 Sep 1873 José Miguel Medina Elera
03 Sep 1873 - 31 Jan 1875 José Eusebio Sánchez Pedraza
01 Feb 1875 - 01 Aug 1876 Nicolás Freyre de Neira
01 Aug 1876 - 04 Jun 1877 Teodoro La Rosa
04 Jun 1877 - 18 Jun 1878 Juan Buendía Noriega
18 Jun - 17 Dec 1878 José Jorge Loayza
17 Dec 1878 - 19 May 1879 Manuel Irigoyen Larrea (1st Time)
19 May - 16 Oct 1879 Manuel de Mendiburu Bonet
16 Oct - 23 Dec 1879 Manuel González de la Cotera
15 Jan - 30 Nov 1881 Aurélio García y García
(for the insurrectionart government Nicolás de Piérola)
12 Mar - 18 Jul 1881 Aurélio Denegri Valega (1st Time)
(for the insurrectionart government of Francisco Calderón)
18 Jul - 06 Nov 1881 Camilo Nicanor Carrillo Martínez
(for the insurrectionart government of Francisco Calderón)
03 Jan - 27 Aug 1883 Lorenzo Iglesias Pino de Acre
(for the insurrectionart government of Miguel Inglesias)
27 Aug 1883 - 07 Apr 1884 Manuel Antonio Barinaga (1st Time)
(for Miguel Inglesias)
07 Apr 1884 - 14 May 1885 Mariano Castro Zaldívar Iglesias
(Miguel Inglesias)
14 May - 02 Dec 1885 Joaquín Iglesias Pino de Acre
(for Miguel Inglesias)
North Peru
Provisional President
11 Aug - 16 Aug 1836 Luis José de las Mercedes de Orbegoso
y Moncada Galindo ............................. 1795-1847
Supreme Protector
16 Aug 1836 - 17 Feb 1839 The Head of State of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
Honorary President of the North-Peruvian State
23 Aug 1837 - Nov 1838 Luis José de las Mercedes de Orbegoso
y Moncada Galindo ............................. s.a
(in opposition to the Confederation in Callao from 30 Jul 1838)
Provisional President of the North-Peruvian State
11 Aug 1838 - 17 Feb 1839 Marquess José Mariano de la Riva Agüero
y Sánchez Boquete De Montealegre de Aulestia .. s.a
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1836 - 1837 Mariano de Sierra y Valarde .................... 1797-1860
02 May - 17 Aug 1837 José Maria Galdeano y Mendoza .................. 1780-1863
South Peru
Supreme Protector
16 Aug 1836 - 17 Feb 1839 The Head of State of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
Provisional Presidents of the South-Peruvian State
17 Sep 1837 - 12 Oct 1838 Ramón de Herrera Rodado ........................ 1799-1882
12 Oct 1838 - 22 Feb 1839 Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso Carasa y Múzquiz . 1773-1860
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
17 Mar 1836 - 1837 Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso Carasa y Múzquiz
1837 - 1838 Joseph Joaquín Casimiro Olañeta y Güemes ....... 1796-1860
Republic of Peru
Government: Republic.
Capital: Lima.
Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, Japanese.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Hino Nacional Peru".
National Emblem: Andean Lama, Inca Sun.
National Day: 28 July, independence Day (1821).
National Motto: None.
Currency: Nuevo Sol.
Presidents
03 Dec 1885 - 03 Jun 1886 Manuel Antonio Arenas Merino .................... 1808-1881 Mil
03 Jun 1886 - 10 Aug 1890 Andrés Avelino Alfredo Cáceres Dorregaray (2nd Time)
10 Aug 1890 - 01 Apr 1894 Remigio Morales Bermúdez ........................ 1836-1894
01 Apr - 10 Aug 1894 Justiniano Borgoño Castañed ..................... 1836-1921
10 Aug 1894 - 20 Mar 1895 Andrés Avelino Alfredo Cáceres Dorregaray (3rd Time)
20 Mar - 08 Sep 1895 Manuel González de Candamo Iriatre (1st Time) ... 1841-1904
08 Sep 1895 - 08 Sep 1899 José Nicolás Baltazar Fernández
de Pierola y Villena (2nd Time)
08 Sep 1899 - 08 Sep 1903 Eduardo López de Romaño y Alvizuri .............. 1847-1912
08 Sep 1903 - 07 May 1904 Manuel González de Candamo Iriatre (2nd Time)
07 May - 24 Sep 1904 Serapio Calderón Chirinos ....................... 1843-1922
24 Sep 1904 - 24 Sep 1908 José Simón Pardo y Barreda (1st Time) ........... 1864-1947
24 Sep 1908 - 24 Sep 1912 Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo (1st Time) .. 1863-1932
24 Sep 1912 - 04 Feb 1914 Guillermo E. Billinghurst Angulo ................ 1851-1915
04 Feb 1914 - 18 Aug 1915 Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (1st Time) ...... 1876-1945 Mil
(Chairman of the Junta)
18 Aug 1915 - 04 Jul 1919 José Simón Pardo y Barreda (2nd Time)
04 Jul 1919 - 25 Aug 1930 Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo (2nd Time)
25 Aug - 27 Aug 1930 Manuel María Ponce Brousset ..................... 1874-1966 Mil
(Chairman of the military Junta)
27 Aug 1930 - 01 Mar 1931 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro ....................... 1889-1933 Mil
01 Mar 1931 (hours) Maríano Holguín Maldonado ....................... 1860-1945
01 Mar - 05 Mar 1931 Ricardo Leoncin Elías Arias ..................... 1874-1951
05 Mar - 11 Mar 1931 Gustavo Alvarez Jiménez ......................... 1886-1933
(Chairman of the military Junta)
11 Mar - 08 Dec 1931 David Samanez Ocampo y Sobrino .................. 1886-1947
08 Dec 1931 - 30 Apr 1933 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro ....................... 1889-1933
30 Apr 1933 - 08 Dec 1939 Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (2nd Time)
08 Dec 1939 - 28 Jul 1945 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1st Time) ............. 1889-1967
28 Jul 1945 - 29 Oct 1948 José Luis Bustamanté y Rivero ................... 1894-1989
29 Oct 1948 - 01 Jun 1950 Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti ................ 1897-1974 Mil
(Chairman of the military Junta)
01 Jun - 28 Jul 1950 Zenón Noriega Agüero ............................ 1900-1957 Mil
(Chairman of the military Junta)
28 Jul 1950 - 28 Jul 1956 Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti ................ 1897-1974
28 Jul 1956 - 18 Jul 1962 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (2nd Time)
18 Jul 1962 - 28 Jul 1963 Military Junta
- Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy ......................... 1905-1982 Mil
- Juan Francisco Torres Matos ..................... 1908-1995 Mil
- Pedro Vargas Prada Peirano ...................... 1906-1995 Mil
- Nicolás Lindley López ........................... 1912-1997 Mil
28 Jul 1963 - 03 Oct 1968 Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1st Time) .............. 1912-2002
03 Oct 1968 - 30 Aug 1975 Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado ................. 1910-1977 Mil
(Chairman of the military Junta)
30 Aug 1975 - 28 Jul 1980 Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerruti .............. 1921-2022 Mil
(Chairman of the military Junta)
28 Jul 1980 - 28 Jul 1985 Fernando Belaúnde Terry (2nd Time)
28 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1990 Alan Gabrial Ludwig García Pérez (1st Time) ..... 1949-2019
28 Jul 1990 - 22 Nov 2000 Alberto Keinya Fijimori ......................... 1938-
22 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Valentín Paniagua Corazao ....................... 1936-2006
28 Jul 2001 - 28 Jul 2006 Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique ............. 1946-
28 Jul 2006 - 28 Jul 2011 Alan Gabrial Ludwig García Pérez (2nd Time)
28 Jul 2011 - 28 Jul 2016 Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso ..................... 1962-
28 Jul 2016 - 23 Mar 2018 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Goddard ................... 1938-
23 Mar 2018 - 10 Nov 2020 Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo ................. 1963-
(susspended 30 Sep - 01 Oct 2019)
10 Nov - 15 Nov 2020 Manuel Arturo Merino de Lama .................... 1961-
16 Nov 2020 - 28 Jul 2021 Francisco Rafael Sagasti Hochhausler ............ 1944-
28 Jul 2021 - 07 Dec 2022 José Pedro Castillo Terrones .................... 1969-
07 Dec 2022 - Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra ................... 1962-
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
03 Jan - 27 Aug 1883 Lorenzo Iglesias Pino de Acre
27 Aug 1883 - 07 Apr 1884 Manuel Antonio Barinaga (1st Time)
07 Apr 1884 - 14 May 1885 Mariano Castro Zaldívar Iglesias
14 May - 02 Dec 1885 Joaquín Iglesias Pino de Acre
30 Nov 1895 - 08 Aug 1896 Manuel Antonio Barinaga (2nd Time)
02 Dec 1885 - 03 Jun 1886 Manuel Antonio Arenas Merino
03 Jun - 06 Oct 1886 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar Gabans (1st Time)
06 Oct - 22 Nov 1886 José Nicolas Araníbar y Llano
22 Aug - 12 Sep 1887 Mariano Santos Álvarez Villegas
12 Sep - 05 Oct 1887 Carlos Manuel Elías y de la Quintana (1st Time)
05 Oct - 08 Nov 1887 Raymundo Morales Arias
22 Nov 1886 - 22 Aug 1887 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar Gabans (2nd Time)
08 Nov 1887 - 08 Mar 1889 Aurelio Denegri Valega (2nd Time)
04 Apr 1889 - 10 Feb 1890 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar Gabans (3rd Time)
11 Feb - 10 Aug 1890 Manuel Irigoyen Larrea (2nd Time)
10 Aug 1890 - 24 Jul 1891 Mariano Nicolás Valcárcel Salazar
24 Jul - 14 Aug 1891 Alberto Elmore Fernández de Córdoba (1st Time)
14 Aug - 14 Oct 1891 Justiniano Borgoña Castañeda
14 Oct 1891 - 14 Apr 1892 Federico Herrera
14 Apr - 30 Jun 1892 Juan Ibarra
30 Jun 1892 - 03 Mar 1893 Carlos Manuel Elías y de la Quintana (2nd Time)
03 Mar - 11 May 1893 Manuel Velarde Seoane
11 May 1893 - 01 Apr 1894 José Mariano Jimenez Wald
01 Apr - 10 Aug 1894 Balthasar García Urrutia
10 Aug - 16 Nov 1894 Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes (1st Time)
16 Nov 1894 - 21 Mar 1895 Manuel Irigoyen Larrea (3rd Time)
08 Sep - 30 Nov 1895 Antonio Benitín y La Fuente
08 Aug 1896 - 25 Nov 1897 Manuel Pablo Olaechea Guerrero
25 Nov 1897 - 16 May 1898 Alejandro López de Romaña
16 May 1898 - 08 Sep 1899 José Jorge Loayza
08 Sep - 14 Dec 1899 Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza
14 Dec 1899 - 30 Aug 1900 Enrique de la Riva-Agüero y Looz Corswaren (1st Time)
30 Aug - 02 Oct 1900 Enrique Coronel Zegarra y Cortés
02 Oct 1900 - 11 Sep 1901 Domingo M. Almenara Butler
11 Sep 1901 - 09 Aug 1902 Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes (2nd Time)
09 Aug - 04 Nov 1902 Cesáreo Octavio Deustua Escarza
04 Nov 1902 - 08 Sep 1903 Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue
08 Sep 1903 - 14 May 1904 José Pardo y Barreda
14 May - 24 Sep 1904 Alberto Elmore Fernández de Córdoba (2nd Time)
24 Sep 1904 - 01 Aug 1907 Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo
01 Aug - 09 Oct 1907 Agustín Tovar
09 Oct 1907 - 24 Sep 1908 Carlos Alberto Washburn Salas
24 Sep 1908 - 08 Jun 1909 Eulogio Iglesias Romero Salcedo
08 Jun 1909 - 14 Mar 1910 Rafael Fernández de Villanueva Cortez
14 Mar - 03 Aug 1910 Javier Prado y Ugarteche
03 Aug - 03 Nov 1910 Germán Schreiber Waddington (1st Time)
03 Nov - 27 Dec 1910 José Salvador Cavero Ovalle
27 Dec 1910 - 31 Aug 1911 Enrique Carlos Basadre Stevenson
31 Aug 1911 - 24 Sep 1912 Agustin González Ganoza Cavero
24 Sep - 23 Dec 1912 Elías Malpartida
24 Dec 1912 - 24 Feb 1913 Enrique Varela (1st Time)
24 Feb - 17 Jun 1913 Frederico Luna y Peralta
17 Jun - 27 Jul 1913 Aurelio Sousa Matute
27 Jul 1913 - 04 Feb 1914 Enrique Varela (2nd Time)
16 May - 01 Aug 1914 Pedro E. Muñiz Sevilla
01 Aug - 22 Aug 1914 Manuel Melitón Carvajal
19 Feb - 24 Sep 1915 Carlos Isaac Abrill Galdino
24 Sep 1915 - 27 Jul 1917 Enrique de la Riva-Agüero y Looz Corswaren (2nd Time)
27 Jul 1917 - 18 Dec 1918 Francisco Tudela y Varela
18 Dec 1918 - 26 Apr 1919 Germán Arenas Zuñiga (1st Time)
26 Apr - 04 Jul 1919 Juan Manuel Zuloaga
04 Jul 1919 - 07 Oct 1922 Germán Leguía y Martínez
07 Oct 1922 - 12 Oct 1924 Julio Enrique Ego Aguirre
12 Oct 1924 - 07 Dec 1926 Alejanadro Maguiña
07 Dec 1926 - 12 Oct 1929 Pedro José Rada y Gamio
12 Oct 1929 - 23 Aug 1930 Benjamín Huamán de los Heros
23 Aug - 25 Aug 1930 Fernando Sarmiento
25 Aug - 24 Nov 1930 Luis Miguel Sánchez del Cerro
24 Nov 1930 - 08 Dec 1931 Antonio Beingolea
08 Dec 1931 - 28 Jun 1932 Germán Arenas Zuñiga (2nd Time)
29 Jan - 13 Apr 1932 Francisco R. Lanatta Ramírez
13 Apr - 20 May 1932 Luis Angel Flores
21 May - 24 Dec 1932 Ricardo Rivadeneira Barnuevo
24 Dec 1932 - 29 Jun 1933 José Matías Manzanilla Barrientos
29 Jun - 24 Nov 1933 Jorge Prado y Ugarteche
24 Nov 1933 - 18 May 1934 José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma
18 May 1934 - May 1935 Carlos Arenas y Loayza
May 1935 - 13 Apr 1936 Manuel Esteban Rodríguez
12 Apr 1936 - 12 Apr 1939 Ernesto Montagne Markholz
12 Apr - 08 Dec 1939 Alberto Rey de Castro y Romaña
08 Dec 1939 - 03 Dec 1944 Alfredo Solf y Muro
03 Dec 1944 - 28 Jul 1945 Manuel Cisneros Sanchez (1st Time)
28 Jul 1945 - 31 Jan 1946 Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco ................... 1886-1970
31 Jan 1946 - 12 Jan 1947 Julio Ernesto Portugal Escobedo ................ 1894-1972
12 Jan - 30 Oct 1947 José Alcamora Freundt .......................... 1891-1953 Mil
31 Oct 1947 - 17 Jun 1948 Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat (1st Time) ....... 1892-1974 Mil
17 Jun - 27 Oct 1948 Armando Revoredo Iglesias ...................... 1896-1978 Mil
28 Jul 1950 - 09 Aug 1954 Zenon Noriega Agüero ........................... s.a Mil
09 Aug 1954 - 28 Jul 1956 Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat (2nd Time)
28 Jul 1956 - 28 Jul 1958 Manuel Cisneros Sanchez (2nd Time)
28 Jul 1958 - 17 Jul 1959 Luis Gallo Porras .............................. 1893-1972
17 Jul 1959 - 24 Nov 1961 Pedro Gerardo Beltrán Espantoso ................ 1897-1979
24 Nov 1961 - 18 Jul 1962 Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán .................... 1898-1981
18 Jul 1962 - 28 Jul 1963 Nicolás Eduardo Lindley López
28 Jul - 31 Dec 1963 Julio Óscar Trelles Montes ..................... 1904-1990
01 Jan 1964 - 15 Sep 1965 Fernando Leopoldo Enrique Schwalb López-Aldana . 1916-2002
15 Sep 1965 - 06 Sep 1967 Daniel Becerra de la Flor ...................... 1906-1987
06 Sep - 17 Nov 1967 Edgardo Seoane Corrales ........................ 1903-1978
17 Nov 1967 - 30 May 1968 Raul Ferrero Rebagliata ........................ 1911-1977
30 May - 02 Oct 1968 Oswaldo Hercelles García ....................... 1908-1969
02 Oct - 03 Oct 1968 Miguel Mujica Gallo ............................ 1910-2001
03 Oct 1968 - 31 Jan 1973 Ernesto Montagne Sánchez ....................... s.a Mil
31 Jan 1973 - 01 Feb 1975 Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrín .................... 1919-2012 Mil
01 Feb - 30 Aug 1975 Francisco Morales Bermúdez ..................... s.a Mil
30 Aug 1975 - 31 Jan 1976 Óscar Vargas Prieto ............................ s.a Mil
31 Jan - 16 Jul 1976 Jorge Fernández Maldonado Solari ............... 1922-2000 Mil
16 Jul 1976 - 30 Jan 1978 Guillermo Arbulú Galliani ...................... 1922-1998 Mil
31 Jan 1978 - 31 Jan 1979 Óscar Molina Pallochia ......................... 1921-1990 Mil
31 Jan 1979 - 28 Jul 1980 Pedro Ángel Richter Fernández-Prada ............ 1921-2017 Mil
28 Jul 1980 - 03 Jan 1983 Manuel Ulloa Elías ............................. 1922-1992
03 Jan 1983 - 10 Apr 1984 Fernando Leopoldo Enrique Schwalb López-Aldana (2nd Time)
10 Apr - 12 Oct 1984 Sandro Mariátegui Chiappi ...................... 1922-2013
12 Oct 1984 - 28 Jul 1985 Luis Ciro Pércovich Roca ....................... 1931-2017
28 Jul 1985 - 26 Jun 1987 Luis Juan Alva Castro .......................... 1942-
26 Jun 1987 - 17 May 1988 Guillermo Larco Cox (1st Time) ................. 1932-2002
17 May 1988 - 15 May 1989 Armando Villanueva del Campo ................... 1915-2013
15 May - 30 Sep 1989 Luis Alberto Félix Sánchez ..................... 1900-1994
30 Sep 1989 - 28 Jul 1990 Guillermo Larco Cox (2nd Time)
28 Jul 1990 - 15 Feb 1991 Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller ..................... 1942-
15 Feb - 06 Nov 1991 Carlos Guillermo Torres y Torres Lara .......... 1942-2000
06 Nov 1991 - 06 Apr 1992 Alfonso de los Heros Perez Alba ................ 1940-
06 Apr 1992 - 28 Aug 1993 Óscar de la Puente Raygada ..................... 1938-
28 Aug 1993 - 17 Feb 1994 Alfonso Bustamante y Bustamante ................ 1941-
17 Feb 1994 - 28 Jul 1995 Efraín Goldenberg Schreiber .................... 1929-
28 Jul 1995 - 03 Apr 1996 Dante Córdova Blanco ........................... 1943-
03 Apr 1996 - 04 Jun 1998 Alberto Italo Luis Pandolfi Arbulú (1st Time) .. 1940-
04 Jun - 21 Aug 1998 Javier Maximiliano Alfredo Hipolite
Valle Riestra González Olachea ................ 1942-
21 Aug 1998 - 03 Jan 1999 Alberto Pandolfi Arbulú (2nd Time)
03 Jan - 10 Oct 1999 Víctor Dionicio Joy Way Rojas .................. 1947-
10 Oct 1999 - 29 Jul 2000 José Alberto Bustamante Belaúnde ............... 1950-2008
29 Jul - 25 Nov 2000 Luis Federcio Beltrán Salas Guevera Schultz .... 1950-2021
25 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Javier Felipe Ricardo Pérez de Cuéller
y de la Guerra ................................ 1920-2020
28 Jul 2001 - 12 Jul 2002 Roberto Enrique Dañino Zapata .................. 1951-
12 Jul 2002 - 28 Jun 2003 Luis Maria Santiago Solari de la Puente ........ 1948-
28 Jun - 15 Dec 2003 Martha Beatriz Merino Lucero ................... 1947-
15 Dec 2003 - 16 Aug 2005 Carlos Ernesto Fernando Ferrero Costa .......... 1941-
16 Aug 2005 - 28 Jul 2006 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Goddard .................. s.a
28 Jul 2006 - 14 Oct 2008 Jorge Alfonso Alejandro Del Castillo Galvez .... 1950-
14 Oct 2008 - 11 Jul 2009 Yehude Simon Munaro ............................ 1947-
11 Jul 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Ángel Javier Velásquez Quesquén ................ 1960-
14 Sep 2010 - 19 Mar 2011 José Antonio Chang Escobedo .................... 1958-
19 Mar - 28 Jul 2011 Rosario Del Pilar Fernández Figueroa ........... 1955-
28 Jul - 12 Dec 2011 Salomón Lerner Ghitis .......................... 1946-
12 Dec 2011 - 23 Jul 2012 Óscar Eduardo Valdés Dancuart .................. 1949-
23 Jul 2012 - 31 Oct 2013 Juan Federico Jiménez Mayor .................... 1964-
31 Oct 2013 - 24 Feb 2014 César Villanueva Arévalo (1st Time) ............ 1946-
24 Feb - 22 Jul 2014 René Herbert Cornejo Díaz ...................... 1962-
22 Jul 2014 - 02 Apr 2015 Ethel Ana del Rosario Jara Velásquez ........... 1968-
02 Apr 2015 - 28 Jul 2016 Pedro Álvaro Cateriano Bellido (1st Time) ...... 1958-
28 Jul 2016 - 17 Sep 2017 Fernando Zavala Lombardi ....................... 1971-
17 Sep 2017 - 02 Apr 2018 Mercedes Aráoz Fernández ....................... 1961-
02 Apr 2018 - 11 Mar 2019 César Villanueva Arévalo (2nd Time)
11 Mar - 30 Sep 2019 Salvador Alejandro Jorge del Solar Labarthe .... 1970-
30 Sep 2019 - 15 Jul 2020 Vicente Antonio Zeballos Salinas ............... 1963-
15 Jul - 06 Aug 2020 Pedro Álvaro Cateriano Bellido (2nd Time)
06 Aug - 11 Nov 2020 Walter Roger Martos Ruiz ....................... 1957-
11 Nov - 18 Nov 2020 Ántero Flores-Aráoz Esparza .................... 1942-
18 Nov 2020 - 29 Jul 2021 Violeta Bermúdez Valdivia ...................... 1961-
29 Jul - 06 Oct 2021 Guido Bellido Ugarte ........................... 1979-
06 Oct 2021 - 31 Jan 2022 Mirtha Esther Vásquez Chuquilín ................ 1975-
01 Feb - 08 Feb 2022 Héctor Valer Pinto ............................. 1959-
08 Feb - 25 Nov 2022 Aníbal Torres Vásquez .......................... 1942-
25 Nov - 10 Dec 2022 Betssy Betzabet Chávez Chino ................... 1989-
11 Nov - 22 Dec 2022 Pedro Miguel Angulo Arana ...................... 1960-
22 Dec 2022 - Luis Alberto Otárola Peñaranda ................. 1967-
Presidents of the Congress
28 Jul 1992 - 28 Jul 1995 Clemente Jaime Yoshiyama Tananka
28 Jul 1995 - 28 Jul 1996 Martha Gladys Chávez Cossio de Ocampo
26 Jul 1996 - 28 Jul 1997 Víctor Dionisio Joy Way Rojas
28 Jul 1997 - 26 Jul 1998 Carlos Guillermo Torres y Torres Lara .......... 1942-2000
26 Jul 1998 - 26 Jul 1999 Ricardo Marcenaro Frers
26 Jul 1999 - 13 Nov 2000 Martha Luz Hildebarndt Pérez-Treviño
13 Nov - 16 Nov 2000 Luz Filomena Salgado Rubianes de Paredes (1st Time)
16 Nov - 22 Nov 2000 Valentín Demetrio Paniagua Corazao ............. 1936-2006
22 Nov 2000 - 26 Jul 2003 Carlos Ernesto Fernando Ferrero Costa
26 Jul 2003 - 26 Jul 2004 Henry Gustavo Pease García Yrigoyen ............ 1944-2014
26 Jul 2004 - 26 Jul 2005 Ántero Flores-Aráoz Eparza
26 Jul 2005 - 26 Jul 2006 Fernando Marcial Ayaipoma Alvarado
26 Jul 2006 - 26 Jul 2007 Mercedes Cabanillas Bustamante
26 Jul 2007 - 28 Jul 2008 Luis Javier Gonzales Posada Eyzaguire
26 Jul 2008 - 26 Jul 2009 Ángel Javier Velásquez Quesquén
26 Jul 2009 - 26 Jul 2010 Luis Juan Alva Castro
26 Jul 2010 - 26 Jul 2011 César Alajandro Zumaeta Flores
26 Jul 2011 - 26 Jul 2012 Daniel Fernando Abugattás Majluf
26 Jul 2012 - 26 Jul 2013 Víctor Isla Rojas
26 Jul 2013 - 22 Jul 2014 Frederico Rolando Otárola Peñaranda
22 Jul - 26 Jul 2014 Luis Carlos Antonio Iberico Núñez (1st Time)
26 Jul 2014 - 26 Jul 2015 Ana María Solórzano Flores
26 Jul 2015 - 26 Jul 2016 Luis Carlos Antonio Iberico Núñez (2nd Time)
26 Jul 2016 - 26 Jul 2017 Luz Filomena Salgado Rubianes de Paredes (2nd Time)
26 Jul 2017 - 26 Jul 2018 Luis Fernando Galarreta Velarde
26 Jul 2018 - 27 Jul 2019 Daniel Enrique Salaverry
27 Jul 2019 - 16 Mar 2020 Pedro Carlos Olaechea Álvarez-Calderón
16 Mar - 15 Nov 2020 Manuel Arturo Merino de Lama
15 Nov - 16 Nov 2020 Rocío Yolanda Angélica Silva-Santisteban Manrique
(acting)
17 Nov 2020 - 26 Jul 2021 Mirtha Esther Vásquez Chuquilín
26 Jul 2021 - 26 Jul 2022 Mariacarmen Alva Pri
26 Jul - 05 Sep 2022 Lady Mercedes Camones Soriano
12 Sep 2022 - 26 Jul 2023 José Daniel Williams Zapata
26 Jul 2023 - Alejandro Soto Reyes