'Ityoppya (Ethiopia)
250 - c. 980 Kingdom of Axum
1117 Ethiopian Kingdom
1268 Empire of Abyssina
1528 - 1541 Under Harari occupation
11 Oct 1875 - 1884 Harar occupied by Egypt
1880 - 1890s Annexation of Oromo, Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta, Sizi and Somali territories
02 May 1889 Italian protectorate by Treaty of Wuchale, disputed by Ethiopia
01 Jan 1890 Eritrea an Italian colony
13 Jan 1895 - 23 Oct 1896 First Italo-Ethiopian war
23 Oct 1896 Independence recognised by Italy by Treaty of Addis Ababa
03 Oct 1935 - 09 May 1936 Second Italo-Ethiopian war
09 May 1936 - 27 Nov 1941 Annexed by Italy (part of Italian East Africa)
05 May 1941 Empire of Ethiopia (restored)
31 Jan 1942 - 19 Dec 1944 British military administration
15 Sep 1952 - 14 Nov 1962 Eritrea federated with Ethiopia
14 Nov 1962 Eritrea an integral part of Ethiopia
12 Sep 1974 Ethiopia
21 Mar 1975 Socialist Ethiopia
10 Sep 1987 People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
27 May 1991 - 21 Aug 1995 Ethiopia
24 May 1993 Independence of Eritrea
21 Aug 1995 - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ethiopian Empire
250 - c.980 Kingdom of Axum
1268 Zagwe state
1896 Empire of Abyssina
03 Oct 1935 Italian invasion
09 May 1936 - 27 Nov 1941 Occupied by Italy
31 Jan 1942 - 19 Dec 1944 British administration
21 Mar 1975 Empire abolished
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Addis Ababa.
Language: Amheric (other regional langauges).
Religion: Ethiopian Orthodox, Islam, Protestant, Anamist, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Ityopp'ya Hoy" ("Ethiopia be happy").
National: Emblem: Lion of Judah.
National Motto: None.
National Day: Birthday of the Emperor, 23 July (1892)
Currency: Ethiopian Dollar.
Monarchs
..-.. BC Solomon, Menelik I
Kings of Axum
c. 100 Zoskales
c. 200 Gadarat
230 - 240 Adhebah
250 Teklombrouthes
260 Datawnas
270 - 300 Endubis
250 - 270 Ezanaz I
270 - ... Endybis I
c. 300 Aphilas
c. 320 Uzanas
c. 320 Wazeba
320 Ousanas
333 - 356 Ezana
350 Mehadeyis
400 Ouazebas
400 Eon
400 Ebana
400 Nezool
500 Ousas
520 Kaleb
5.. Alla Amidas
5.. Wazena
5.. Wa`zeb
5.. Ioel
575 Hataz
577 Saifu
590 Israel
600 Gersem
614 Armah
630 Ashama ibn Abjar
Monarchs
916 - 919 Zagwe, Mara Tekle Haimanot
919 - 959 Zagwe, Tatadim
959 - 999 Zagwe, Jan Seiyoum
999 - 1039 Zagwe, Germa Seiyoum
1039 - 1079 Zagwe, Yemrehana Christos
1079 - 1119 Zagwe, Harbe I
1119 - 1159 Zagwe, Lalibela
1159 - 1207 Zagwe, Na'akuto Le`ab
1207 - 1247 Zagwe, Yetbarak
1247 - 1262 Zagwe,Mairari
1262 - 1268 Zagwe, Harbe II
1268 - 19 Jun 1285 Solomon, Yekuno Amalak Tasfa Iyasus
19 Jun 1285 - 1294 Solomon, Yagbe'u Seyon Yekuno Amlak Salomon I
1294 - 1297 Solomon, Bahr Asgad
1294 - 1297 Solomon, Senfa Ared IV Yagbe'u Seyon
1297 - 1299 Solomon, Qedma Asgad Yagbe'u Seyon
1297 - 1299 Solomon, Jin Asgad Yagbe'u Seyon
1297 - 1299 Solomon, Saba Asgad Yagbe'u Seyon
1299 - 1314 Solomon, Wedem Arad Yagbe'u Seyon
1314 - 1344 Solomon, Amda Seyon I Wedem Arad Gabra Masqal I
1344 - 1372 Solomon, Newaya Krestos Amda Seyon
1372 - 1382 Solomon, Newaya Mariam Newaya Krestos
1382 - 1411 Solomon, Be'ede Mariam Newaya Krestos Dawit
1411 - 11 Jun 1414 Solomon, Tewdoros I Be'ede Mariam
Sep 1414 - Aug 1429 Solomon, Yeshaq I Be'ede Mariam Gabra Masqal III
Aug 1429 - Mar 1430 Solomon, Andreyes Yeshaq Eskender
1430 - Jun 1433 Solomon, Takla Maryam Be'ede Mariam
Jun - Nov 1433 Solomon, Sarwe Iyasus Takla Mariam Hezba Nan
Nov 1433 - Jun 1434 Solomon, Amda Iyasus Takla Mariam Badel Nan
Jun 1434 - 24 Aug 1468 Solomon, Zar'a Ya`qob Be'ede Mariam Amda Seyon Kwestantinos I
06 Sep 1468 - 19 Nov 1478 Solomon, Be'eda Mariam Zar'a Ya`qob Dawit III
1478 - May 1494 Solomon, Eskender Be'ede Mariam Kwestantinos II
May - 26 Oct 1494 Solomon, Amda Seyon Eskender
26 Oct 1494 - 31 Jul 1508 Solomon, Na'od I Beada Mariam
22 Aug 1508 - 13 Sep 1540 Solomon, Lebna Dengel No'ad II ................... 1496-1540
13 Sep 1540 - 03 Apr 1559 Solomon, Galawedos I Lebna Dengel Asnaf Sagad I
03 Apr 1559 - 31 Jan 1563 Solomon, Menas Lebna Dengel
31 Jan 1563 - 03 Apr 1597 Solomon, Sarsa Dengal Menas
1597 - Sep 1603 Solomon, Yaqob Sarsa Dengel (1st Time)
Sep 1603 - 24 Oct 1604 Solomon, Za Dengel Sarsa Dengel
Nov 1604 - 10 Mar 1607 Solomon, Yaqob Sarsa Dengel (2nd Time)
10 Mar 1607 - Aug 1632 Solomon, Susneyos I Fasilides .................... 1572-1632
1607 'Arzo Hawaryat (in opposition)
1608 - 160. Yaqob Sarsa Dengel
(impostor)
1626 - 16.. Yaqob Sarsa Dengel
(another imposter, in opposition)
Aug 1632 - 18 Oct 1667 Solomon, Fasilidas Susenyos ...................... 1603-1667
1635 - 1636 Melke Krestos Fasilides
(in opposition)
1636 - 1640 La'eke Maryam Melke Krestos
18 Oct 1667 - 19 Jul 1682 Solomon, Yohannes I Fasilidas `Adyam Sagad II
19 Jul 1682 - 13 Oct 1706 Solomon, Iyasu I Yohannes Adyam Sagad III ........ 1662-1706 "The Great"
13 Oct 1706 - 30 Jun 1708 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot I Iyasu Le`al Segad
30 Jun - 01 Jul 1708 Solomon, Na'od II Tekle Haumanot ................. 1704-1722
01 Jul 1708 - 14 Oct 1711 Solomon, Tewoflos Yohannes Walda Ambasa
Sep 1709 Amda Seyon
(in opposition)
1709 - Jul 1710 Nebahne Yohannes
(in opposition)
14 Oct 1711 - 19 Feb 1716 Solomon, Yostos Delba Iyasus Sahay Sagad
19 Feb 1716 - 18 May 1721 Solomon, Dawit III Iyasus Adabar Sagad I ......... 1695-1721
18 May - 21 May 1721 Solomon, Walda Giyorgis Iyasus
21 May 1721 - 19 Sep 1730 Solomon, Asma Giyorgis Iyasus .................... 1694-1730
19 Sep 1730 - 26 Jun 1755 Solomon, Iyasus II Asam Giyorgis ................. 1723-1755
19 Sep 1730 - 07 May 1769 Solomon, Mantuab Walatta Giyorgis ................ 1710-1773
(Dowager Empress-Regent)
26 Jun 1755 - 07 May 1769 Solomon, Iyoas I Iyasus
07 May - 18 Oct 1769 Solomon, Yohannas II Iyasu ....................... 1699-1769
18 Oct 1769 - Jun 1770 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II Yohannes (1st Time) ... 1754-1777
Jun - Dec 1770 Solomon, Susenyos II Iyasus
Dec 1770 - 13 Apr 1777 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II Yohannes (2nd Time)
13 Apr 1777 - 20 Jul 1779 Solomon, Salomon II Adigo
20 Jul 1779 - 08 Feb 1784 Solomon, Tekle Giorgis I Yohannes ................ 1755-1817
16 Feb 1784 - 24 Apr 1788 Solomon, Iyasus III Azequ
24 Apr 1788 - 26 Jul 1789 Solomon, Ba'eda Maryam I
26 Jul 1789 - Jan 1794 Solomon, Hezqeyas Iyasus
Jan 1794 - 15 Apr 1795 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II Yohannes (3rd Time)
15 Apr - Dec 1795 Solomon, Ba'eda Maryam III Solomon
Dec 1795 - 20 May 1796 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II (4th Time)
20 May 1796 - 15 Jul 1797 Solomon, Solomon III Tekle Haymont (1st Time)
18 Aug 1797 - 04 Jan 1798 Solomon, Yonas Letezum ........................... 1766-1832
04 Jan 1798 - 20 May 1799 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II Yohannes (5th Time)
20 May - 1799 Solomon, Solomon III Tekle Haymont (2nd Time)
1799 - 24 Mar 1800 Solomon, Demetros Arqedewos (1st Time)
24 Mar - Jun 1800 Solomon, Tekle Haymanot II Yohannes (6th Time)
Jun 1800 - Jun 1801 Solomon, Demetros Arqedewos (2nd Time)
Jun 1801 - 19 Jun 1818 Solomon, Egwala Seyon Hezqeyas
19 Jun 1818 - 03 Jun 1821 Solomon, Iyoas II Hezqeyas
03 Jun 1821 - Apr 1826 Solomon, Gigar Iyasus (1st Time) ................. 1745-1831
Apr 1826 Solomon, Be'eda Maryam IV
Apr 1826 - 18 Jun 1830 Solomon, Gigar Iyasus (2nd Time)
18 Jun 1830 - 18 Mar 1832 Solomon, Iyasus IV Solomon
18 Mar - 1832 Solomon, Garbre Kristos Gebre Mesay (1st Time) ... 17..-1832
1832 Solomon, Sahla Dengel Gebre Mesay (1st Time) ..... 1778-18..
1832 Egwala Anbasa
(in opposition)
- 08 Jun 1832 Solomon, Garbre Kristos Gebre Mesay (2nd Time)
08 Jun 1832 - 29 Aug 1840 Solomon, Sahla Dengel Gebre Mesay (2nd Time)
30 Aug 1840 - Oct 1841 Solomon, Yohannes III Tekle Giyorgis (1st Time) .. 1797-1868
Oct 1841 - 1845 Solomon, Sahle Dengel Gebre Mesay (3rd Time)
1845 Solomon, Yohannes III Tekle Giyorgis (2nd Time)
1845 - 1850 Solomon, Sahle Dengel Gebre Mesay (4th Time)
1850 - 1851 Solomon, Yohannes III Tekle Giyorgis (4th Time)
1851 - 11 Feb 1855 Solomon, Sahle Dengel Gebre Mesay (5th Time)
1851 - 29 Jun 1853 Ali Alula
(usurper)
11 Feb 1855 - 13 Apr 1868 Tewodros, Tewodros II Kassa Hailu ................ 1818-1868
11 Jun 1868 - 11 Jul 1871 Zagwe, Tekle Gyorgis II .......................... 18..-1873
11 Jul 1871 - 09 Mar 1889 Tigre, Yohannes IV ............................... 1837-1889
09 Mar 1889 - 12 Dec 1913 Solomon, Menilek II .............................. 1844-1913
12 Dec 1913 - 27 Sep 1916 Solomon, Iyasus V ................................ 1887-1935
(Emperor designate, uncrowned)
27 Sep 1916 - 02 Apr 1930 Solomon, Empress Zewditu ......................... 1876-1930
(Empress-regent)
02 Apr 1930 - 02 May 1936 Solomon, Haile Selassie (1st Time) ............... 1892-1975
(regent from 1916 as Prince Ras Tafari Makonnen)
01 May - 16 Dec 1936 Prince Ras Imru Haile Selassie ................... 1892-1980
(Regent for Haile Selassie)
09 May 1936 - 05 May 1941 Savoia, Vittorio Emanuele III .................... 1869-1947
(King of Italy [in name only])
05 May 1941 - 12 Sep 1974 Solomon, Haile Selassie (2nd Time)
13 Dec - 15 Dec 1960 Mengistu Neway ................................... 1919-1961 Mil
- Germame Neway .................................... 1924-1960 Mil
(in opposition)
12 Sep 1974 - 21 Mar 1975 Solomon, Asfa Wossen Amha Selassie ............... 1916-1997
(Designated Emperor, did not take office)
Prime Ministers
1909 - 1927 Habte Giyorgis ................................... 1851-1927
1927 - 01 May 1936 Prince Ras Tafari Makonnen Haile Selassie ........ s.a
05 May 1941 - 1942 Wolde Tzaddick
1942 - 01 Nov 1957 Makonnen Endelkachew ............................. 1890-1963
27 Nov 1957 - 15 Dec 1960 Abebe Aragai ..................................... 1903-1960
17 Apr 1961 - 01 Mar 1974 Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold ................. 1912-1974
01 Mar - 22 Jul 1974 Endelkacow Makonnen .............................. 1927-1974
03 Aug - 12 Sep 1974 Lij Mikael Imru .................................. 1929-2008
Ethiopia 1974-1991
1975-1987 1987-1991
12 Sep 1974 Ethiopia (Socialist Ethiopia)
10 Sep 1987 People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Government: One party communist state.
Capital: Addis Ababa.
Language: Amheric (other regional langauges).
Religion: Ethiopian Orthodox, Islam, Protestant, Anamist, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya qida mi"
("Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Ethiopia, be first").
National: Emblem:
National Motto: Ethiopia First.
National Day: National Day, 10 September (1987).
Currency: Birr.
General Secretary of the Ethiopian Workers Party
10 Dec 1979 - 21 May 1991 Mengistu Haile Mariam ............................ 1937-
Chairman of the Provisional Marxist Dregue
12 Sep - 17 Nov 1974 Aman Mikael Andom ................................ 1924-1974
28 Nov 1974 - 03 Feb 1977 Tafari Benti ..................................... 1921-1977
11 Feb 1977 - 10 Sep 1987 Mengistu Haile Mariam ............................ (s.a)
Presidents
10 Sep 1987 - 21 May 1991 Mengistu Haile Mariam ............................ (s.a)
21 May - 27 May 1991 Tesfaye Gebre Kidan .............................. 1935-2004
Prime Ministers
10 Sep 1987 - 08 Nov 1989 Fikre Selassie Wogderess ......................... 1945-2020
08 Nov 1989 - 26 Apr 1991 Hailu Yimenu ..................................... 19..-1991
(acting)
26 Apr - 06 Jun 1991 Tesfaye Dinka .................................... 1939-2016
(acting)
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
27 May 1991 Ethiopia
24 May 1993 Independence of Eritrea
21 Aug 1995 - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Government: Federal republic.
Capital: Addis Ababa.
Language: Amharic (other regional languages).
Ethnic Groups: Oromo 34.4%, Amhara 27%, Somali, 6.2%, Tigray 6.1%, Sidama 6%, Afar 3.7%, Gurage 2.5%, Wolayta 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Silte 1.3, Kefficho 1.3%, other 8.8%
Religion: Ethiopian Orthodox, Islam, Protestant, Animist, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woude Henate Ityopp'ya"
("March Forward, Dear Ethiopia")
National: Emblem: Star Pentagram (Lion of Judah [traditional]).
National Motto: None.
National Day: 28 May, National Day (1991).
Currency: Ethiopian Birr.
Presidents
27 May 1991 - 22 Aug 1995 Meles Zenawi Asres (Legesse Zenawi Asres) ........ 1955-2012
(provisional to 23 Jul 1991, transitional president)
22 Aug 1995 - 08 Oct 2001 Negasso Gidada Solon ............................. 1943-2019
08 Oct 2001 - 07 Oct 2013 Girma Wolde-Giyorgis Lucha ....................... 1924-2018
07 Oct 2013 - 25 Oct 2018 Mulatu Teshome Wirtu ............................. 1955-
25 Oct 2018 - 07 Oct 2024 Sahle-Work Zewde ................................. 1950-
07 Oct 2024 - Taye Atske Selassie Amde ......................... 1956-
Prime Ministers
06 Jun 1991 - 22 Aug 1995 Tamrat Layne ..................................... 1955-
23 Aug 1995 - 20 Aug 2012 Meles Zenawi Asres ............................... (s.a)
20 Aug 2012 - 02 Apr 2018 Haile Mariam Desalegn ............................ 1965-
02 Apr 2018 - Abiy Ahmed Ali ................................... 1976-
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