France
Gallia Celtica
50 BC Gaul part of the Roman Empire
260 - 274 AD Imperium Gallia (Gallic Empire)*
447 - 511 Kingdom of Franks
457 - 487 Domain of Soissons a Roman rump state in northern France,
later becomes the Kingdom of Neustria
511 - 719 Kingdoms of Austasia, Neustria and Burgundy
Aug 843 - 21 Jun 987 Kingdom of West Franks
06 Dec 884 - 13 Jan 888 To Holy Roman Empire
987 Kingdom of France (from 1589 France and Navarra)
21 Oct 1422 - 17 Jul 1453 Personal Union with England
24 Oct 1648 Alsace annexed to France
30 Sep 1681 Free Imperial City of Straßburg annexed
23 Feb 1766 Lorraine annexed to France
14 Jul 1789 - 20 Nov 1799 French Revolution
01 Oct 1791 Royaume de France (Kingdom of France)
21 Sep 1792 République Française (First Republic)
1792 - 15 Feb 1800 Royalist insurgency in Brittany, Normandy and Anjou
18 May 1804 Republic headed by an Emperor
01 Jan 1809 Empire Française (First French Empire)
14 Apr 1814 Royaume de France (restored)
13 Mar 1815 Empire Française (restored)
07 Jun 1815 - 30 Nov 1818 Allied Occupation
08 Jul 1815 Royaume de France et Navarre (re-restored)
24 Feb 1848 (Second) République Française
01 Dec 1852 (Second) Empire Française
24 Mar 1860 Savoy and the county of Nice ceded to France by Piedmonte-Sardinia
02 Sep 1870 - 16 Sep 1873 German occupation
04 Sep 1870 (Third) République Française
01 Mar 1871 Empire officially abolished by the national assembly
24 Aug 1914 - 11 Nov 1918 German occupation of Northeastern Fran
10 Jun 1940 - 03 Sep 1944 German Occupation
15 Jun 1940 - 20 Mar 1945 Alsace-Lorraine reincorporated into Germany
10 Jul 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 État Français (French State), "Vichy France",
pro-axis client state.
16 Jan 1947 (Forth) République Française
10 Feb 1947 France annexes Italian border villages to
Alpes-Maritimes department
01 Jan 1958 Accession to the EEC
08 Jan 1959 - (Fifth) République Française
Ancient Gaul
Roman Governors
125 - 123 Marcus Fulvius Flaccus
123 - 122 Gaius Sextius Calvinus
122 - 120 Gnaeus Domitius Ahmenobarbus
121 - 120 Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
116 Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus
115 Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
109 - 108 Marcus Julius Silanus
107 Lucius Cassius Longinus
106 - 105 Quintus Servilius Caepio
105 Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
104 Gaius Flavius Fimbria
102 - 101 Quintus Lutatius Catulus
95 Quintus Mucius Scaevola
94 Lucius Licinius Crassus
91 Marcus Porcius Cato
85 - 81 Gaius Valerius Flaccus
78 Lucius Manlius
77 Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
74 - 73 Gaius Aurelius Cotta
74 - 72 Marcus Fonteius
72 Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus
67 - 65 Gaius Calpurnius Piso
64 - 63 Lucius Licinius Murena
62 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer
62 - 60 Gaius Pomptius
59 Lucius Afranius
58 - 47 Gaius Julius Caesar
49 Marcus Considius Nonianus
49 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
48 - 46 Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
46 - 45 Marcus Junius Brutus
45 Aulus Hirtius
45 - 44 Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus
44 - 43 Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
44 - 43 Lucius Munatius Plancus
44 - 43 D. Junius Brutus Albinus
01 Jun 44 - 42 Marcus Antonius
Emperors
260 - 269 Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus
Feb - Jun 269 Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus
(usurper)
269 Marcus Aurelius Marius
269 - 271 Marcus Piavonius Victorinus
271 Domitianus
(usurper)
271 - 273 Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus I
273 - 274 Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus II
457 - 464 Aegidius (ruler of Soissons)
464 - 487 Sygrius
(styled "Patriacus")
Note: Following the Barbarian invasions of Rome the commander Postumus established a
breakaway empire in the northwest of the Roman Empire. Though it included the provinces
of Britanica, Germania and Belgica and its capitals were Cologne and Trier, the core of
the empire was in Gallia or modern France. Later historians retrospectively refered to
the empire as Imperium Gallia (Gallic Empire), though it was not known by this name during
its existence. Rome had fully re-conquered the territory by 274 AD. From 457 to 487 a Roman
military commander and his son established a separate Roman state in northern Gaul. This
state survived the fall of Roman Empire before it was conqured by the Franks. The former
state later became the basis of the Frankish Kingdom of Neustria.
Francia (Kingdom of Franks)
447 - 511 Regnum Francorum (Kingdom of Franks)
511 - 719 Kingdoms of Austasia, Neustria and Burgundy
25 Dec 800 - 888 Part of the Carolingian Empire
Aug 843 Regnum Francia Occidentalis (Kingdom of West Franks)
06 Dec 884 - 13 Jan 888 To Holy Roman Empire
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Tournai 431-501, Paris 501-768, Aix-la-Chapelle 768-843.
Language: Frankish, Latin.
Religion: Roman Catholic (Frankish Paganism before 750).
National Motto: Montjoye Saint Denis!
Currency: Denier.
- Kings of the Salii Franks -
428 - 448 Salian, Clodion
448 - 458 Salian, Mérovée
458 - 481 Salian, Childéric I
481 - 509 Salian, Chlodowech I (Clovis I)
- King of the Franks -
509 - 27 Nov 511 Salian, Clovis I
- Kings of Austrasia -
27 Nov 511 - Dec 533 Thierry I
(Theodobert, at Rheims)
Dec 533 - Dec 547 Théodebert I
Dec 547 - Nov 555 Théobald
Nov 555 - 20 Dec 560 Clotaire I
(King of all Franks)
Dec 555 - Dec 559 Chram
(co-Monarch)
Dec 560 - Nov 575 Sigebert I
Nov 575 - Sep 595 Childebert I
Sep 595 - 611 Théodebert II
611 - 612 Thierry II
612 - 613 Sigebert II
613 - 18 Oct 629 Clotaire II
623 - 19 Jan 639 Dagobert I
(co-Monarch to 629)
634 - 01 Feb 656 St.Sigebert II
(co-Monarch to 639)
01 Feb 656 - 661 St.Dagobert II (1st Time)
01 Feb 656 - 662 Childerbert II
(anti-King)
662 - Oct 675 Childéric II
675 - 23 Dec 679 St.Dagobert II (2nd Time)
24 Dec 679 - 691 Thierry III
691 - 718 To Neustria
718 - 719 Clotair IV
- Kings of Aurelianum -
27 Nov 511 - 25 Jun 524 Clodomir
27 Nov 511 - 20 Dec 560 Clotaire I
(King of all Franks)
Dec 560 - 28 Mar 592 Gontram
582 - 585 Gundowald
(usurper; in Limousin)
28 Mar 592 - Sep 595 Childebert II
Sep 595 - 612 Thierry II
612 - 613 Sigebert II
613 - 18 Oct 629 Clotaire II
18 Oct 629 - 19 Jan 639 Dagobert I
(King of all Franks)
19 Jan 639 - 24 Sep 768 To Neustrasia
- Kings of Neustria -
27 Nov 511 - 23 Dec 558 Childebert I
23 Dec 558 - 20 Dec 560 Clotaire I
(King of all Franks)
20 Dec 560 - 567 Charibert I
20 Dec 560 - Sep 584 Chilpéric I
Sep 584 - 18 Oct 629 Clotaire II
(King of all Franks 613-629)
584 - 585 Gombaud
Dec 629 - 632 Charibert II
(co-Monarch)
18 Oct 629 - 19 Jan 639 Dagobert I
(King of all Franks)
635 - 01 Feb 660 Sigebert III
19 Jan 639 - Nov 657 Clovis II
Nov 657 - 11 Mar 673 Clotaire III
11 Mar 673 - Oct 675 Childéric II
Nov 675 - 691 Thierry III
675 - 676 Clovis
(userper)
691 - Mar 695 Clovis III
Mar 695 - Feb 711 Childerbert IV
Feb 711 - Dec 715 Dagobert III
Dec 715 - Apr 721 Chilpéric II
Apr 721 - Mar 737 Thierry IV
Mar 737 - 15 Oct 741 Charles Martel
(Mayor of the Palace)
18 Oct 741 - 24 Sep 768 Carolingien, Pépin III "le Bref"
(Mayor of the Palace 741-751)
Feb 743 - Nov 751 Carolingien, Childéric III
(co-Monarch)
09 Oct 768 - 28 Jan 814 Carolingien, Charles I "le Grand"
(Charlemagne; Holy Roman Emperor from 800)
09 Oct 768 - 04 Dec 771 Carolingien, Carloman I
(co-Monarch; in Austrasia and Burgundy)
Aug 781 - 08 Jul 810 Carolingien, Pépin IV
(co-Monarch; in Pavia)
11 Sep 813 - Jun 833 Carolingien, Louis I "le Pieux" (1st Time)
(co-Monarch to 28 Jan 814)
05 Apr 833 - Mar 834 Carolingien, Lothaire
Mar 833 - 30 Jun 840 Carolingien, Louis I "le Pieux" (2nd Time)
- Kings of the West Franks -
30 Jun 840 - 06 Oct 877 Carolingien, Charles II "le Chauve"
06 Oct 877 - 10 Apr 879 Carolingien, Louis II "le Bègue"
10 Apr 879 - 05 Aug 882 Carolingien, Louis III
10 Apr 879 - 06 Dec 884 Carolingien, Carloman II
06 Dec 884 - 13 Jan 888 Carolingien, Charles "le Gros"
29 Feb 888 - 01 Jan 898 Carolingien, Eudes I "de Paris"
01 Jan 898 - 30 Jun 922 Carolingien, Charles III "le Simple"
30 Jun 922 - 15 Jun 923 Carolingien, Robert I
13 Jul 923 - 14 Jan 936 Carolingien, Raoul I
19 Jun 936 - 10 Sep 954 Carolingien, Louis IV "d'Outrmer"
12 Nov 954 - 02 Mar 986 Carolingien, Lothaire I
08 Jun 986 - 22 May 987 Carolingien, Louis V "le Fainéant"
Kingdom of France and the Navarre
To 1614 1614-1791
987 Kingdom of France
21 Oct 1422 - 17 Jul 1453 Personal Union with England
1589 Kingdom of France and Navarre
24 Oct 1648 Alsace annexed to France
30 Sep 1681 Free Imperial City of Straßburg annexed
23 Feb 1766 Lorraine annexed to France
14 Jul 1789 - 20 Nov 1799 French Revolution
01 Oct 1791 Royaume de France (Kingdom of France)
Aug 1792 - 15 Feb 1800 Royalist insurgency in Northern and Western France
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Paris (Versailles 1682-1789).
Language: French, Occitan, German, Bretton, Corsican, Catalan, Flemish.
Religion: Roman Catholic (only state religion 1685-1787), Huguenot Protestant, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Vive le France, vive le roi Henri"
National Day: 23 August, Birthday of Louis XVI (1754).
National Emplem: fleur de lys.
National Motto: Montjoie Saint Denis!
Currency: Livre.
Kings
03 Jul 987 - 24 Oct 996 Capet, Hugues I .............................................. 940-996
24 Oct 996 - 20 Jul 1031 Capet, Robert II "le Pieux"
09 Jun 1017 - 17 Sep 1025 Capet, Hughes .............................................. 997-1025
(co-ruler, junior King)
20 Jul 1031 - 04 Aug 1060 Capet, Henri I ............................................ 1008-1060
04 Aug 1060 - 29 Jul 1108 Capet, Philippe I ......................................... 1052-1080
29 Jul 1108 - 01 Aug 1137 Capet, Louis VI "le Gros" ................................. 1012-1067
14 Apr 1129 - 13 Oct 1131 Capet, Philippe ........................................... 1116-1131
(junior King)
01 Aug 1137 - 18 Sep 1180 Capet, Louis VII "le Jeune" ............................... 1078-1137
01 Nov 1179 - 14 Jul 1223 Capet, Philippe II Auguste ................................ 1165-1223
Jun 1190 - 27 Dec 1191 de Champagne, Guillaume de Blois aux Blanches Mains,
Archeveque de Reimes (Regent) ............................ 1135-1202
14 Jul 1223 - 08 Nov 1226 Capet, Louis VIII "le Lion" ............................... 1187-1226
08 Nov 1226 - 25 Apr 1236 Queen Blanca de Castilla .................................. 1188-1252
(1st Time, Regent for Louis IX)
08 Nov 1226 - 25 Aug 1270 Capet, Louis IX ........................................... 1214-1270
25 Aug 1248 - 1249 Alphonse, comte de Poitiers et de Toulouse ................ 1220-1271
(Regent for absent Louis IX)
1249 - 17 Jul 1254 Queen Blanca de Castilla
(2nd Time, Regent for absent Louis IX)
25 Aug 1270 - 05 Oct 1285 Capet, Philippe III "le Hardi" ............................ 1245-1285
05 Oct 1285 - 29 Nov 1314 Capet, Philippe IV "le Bel" ............................... 1268-1314
29 Nov 1314 - 05 Jun 1316 Capet, Louis X "le Hutin" ................................. 1289-1316
15 Nov - 20 Nov 1316 Capet, Jean I "le Posthume" ............................... 1316-1316
20 Nov 1316 - 03 Jan 1322 Capet, Philippe V "le Long" ............................... 1293-1322
03 Jan 1322 - 01 Feb 1328 Capet, Charles IV "le Bel" ................................ 1294-1328
01 Feb 1328 - 22 Aug 1350 Valois, Philippe VI ....................................... 1293-1350
22 Aug 1350 - 08 Apr 1364 Valois, Jean II "le Bon" .................................. 1319-1364
(English prisoner 19 Sep 1356 - 24 Oct 1360)
08 Apr 1364 - 16 Sep 1380 Valois, Charles V "le Sage" ............................... 1338-1380
(Regent 14 Mar 1358 - 04 Oct 1360)
16 Sep 1380 - 1382 Valois-Anjou, Louis, duc d'Anjou .......................... 1339-1384
(Regent)
16 Sep 1380 - 31 Oct 1388 Valois-Burgundy, Philippe, duc de Bourgogne ............... 1342-1404
(co-regent)
16 Sep 1380 - 21 Oct 1422 Valois, Charles VI "le Fol" ............................... 1368-1422
23 Dec 1417 - 21 May 1420 Wittelsbach, Queen Elisabeth von Bayern-Ingolstadt ........ 1370-1435
(Queen-Regent for Charles VI)
21 Oct 1422 - 22 Jul 1461 Valois, Charles VII "le Victorieux ou le Bien Servi" ...... 1403-1461
22 Jul 1461 - 30 Aug 1483 Valois, Louis XI "le Prudent" ............................. 1423-1483
30 Aug 1483 - 1491 Valois, Anne de Beaujeu ................................... 1461-1522
(Regent for Charles VIII)
30 Aug 1483 - 07 Apr 1498 Valois, Charles VIII "l'Affable" .......................... 1470-1498
07 Apr 1498 - 01 Jan 1515 Valois, Louis XII "le Père du Peuple" ..................... 1462-1515
01 Jan 1515 - 1516 Savoia, Luisa di Savoia, duchesse de Nemours .............. 1476-1531
(Regent, 1st Time)
01 Jan 1515 - 31 Mar 1547 Valois, François I ........................................ 1494-1547
12 Aug 1523 - 1526 Savoia, Luisa di Savoia, duchesse de Nemours
(Regent, 2nd Time)
31 Mar 1547 - 10 Jul 1559 Valois, Henri II .......................................... 1519-1559
10 Jul 1559 - 05 Dec 1560 Valois, François II ....................................... 1554-1560
05 Dec 1560 - 17 Aug 1563 Queen Caterina Maria Romola de Medici ..................... 1519-1589
(Regent for Charles IX)
05 Dec 1560 - 30 May 1574 Valois, Charles IX ........................................ 1550-1574
30 May 1574 - 02 Aug 1589 Valois, Henri III ......................................... 1551-1589
02 Aug 1589 - 14 May 1610 Bourbon, Henri IV "le Grand" .............................. 1553-1610
21 Nov 1589 - 09 May 1590 Charles Cardinal Bourbon .................................. 1523-1590
(Charles (X), prisoner)
21 Nov 1589 - 30 Mar 1594 Charles de Lorraine, duc de Mayenne ....................... 1554-1611
(Lieutenant-general)
14 May 1610 - 14 May 1643 Bourbon, Louis XIII "le Juste" ............................ 1601-1643
14 May 1610 - 27 Sep 1614 Queen Marie de Medici ..................................... 1575-1642
(Queen-Regent)
14 May 1643 - 01 Sep 1715 Bourbon, Louis XIV ........................................ 1638-1715
"le Grand ou le Roi-Soleil"
14 May 1643 - 05 Sep 1651 Habsburg, Queen Ana María Mauricia de España .............. 1601-1666
(Queen-Regent [Anne de Austriche])
01 Sep 1715 - 10 May 1774 Bourbon, Louis XV "le Roi-Citoyen" ........................ 1710-1774
01 Sep 1715 - 15 Feb 1723 Philippe Charles, duc d'Orléans ........................... 1674-1723
(Regent)
10 May 1774 - 21 Sep 1792 Bourbon, Louis XVI ........................................ 1754-1793
(suspended from 21 Jun 1791)
21 Jun - 14 Sep 1791 Marguerite-Louis-François Duport-Dutertre ................. 1754-1793
(acting for suspended Louis XVI)
10 Aug - 21 Sep 1792 Georges-Jacques Danton .................................... 1759-1794
(acting for suspended Louis XVI)
21 Jan 1793 - 08 Jun 1795 Bourbon, Louis XVII* ...................................... 1785-1795
(prisoner, never reigned)
16 Jun 1795 - 1800 Bourbon, Louis XVIII* ..................................... 1755-1824
(self declared 'regent', in exile in Koblenz, Germany from June 1791)
Chief Ministers to the King
02 Aug 1589 - 29 Jan 1611 Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Scully ...................... 1560-1641
29 Jan 1611 - 1614 Nicolas IV de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy ............. 1543-1617
1616 - 27 Apr 1617 Concini, conde della Penna,
marquis et Maréchal d'Ancre .............................. 1575-1617
12 Aug 1624 - 04 Dec 1642 Armand Jean du Plessis,
Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu et de Fronsac .................. 1585-1642
05 Dec 1642 - 09 Mar 1661 Jules Raimond Cardinal Marazin ............................ 1602-1661
10 Mar 1661 - 06 Sep 1683 Jean-Baptiste Colbert ..................................... 1619-1683
1683 - 1715 Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon ................ 1635-1719
(morganatic wife of Louis XIV, considered the de facto
Prime Minister due to her power and influence at court)
01 Sep 1715 - 10 Aug 1723 Guillaume Cardinal Dubois ................................. 1656-1723
10 Aug - 02 Dec 1723 Philippe II Charles, duc d'Orléans ........................ s.a
02 Dec 1723 - 11 Jul 1726 Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, duc d'Bourbon, duc d'Guise
Prince de Condé .......................................... 1692-1740
11 Jul 1726 - 29 Jan 1743 André-Hercule Cardinal de Fleury .......................... 1653-1743
29 Jan 1743 - 03 Dec 1758 Royal Rule
03 Dec 1758 - 31 Dec 1770 Étienne-François, comte de Stainville,
duc de Choiseul .......................................... 1719-1785
01 Jan 1771 - 10 May 1774 Emmanuel-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu,
duc d'Aiguillon .......................................... 1720-1782
11 May 1774 - 21 Nov 1781 Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas ............... 1701-1781
22 Nov 1781 - 13 Jan 1787 Charles Gravier, conde de Vergennes ....................... 1717-1787
01 May 1787 - 25 Aug 1788 Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne ..................... 1727-1794
26 Aug 1788 - 11 Jul 1789 Jacques Necker (1st Time) ................................. 1732-1804
11 Jul - 16 Jul 1789 Louis Charles Auguste le Tonnelier,
baron de Breteuil, baron de Preuilly ..................... 1730-1807
16 Jul 1789 - 03 Sep 1790 Jacques Necker (2nd Time)
03 Sep 1790 - 20 Nov 1791 Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin de Saint Herem ............ 1745-1792
Note: Louis-Charles was Dauphin of France from 1789 to 1791 when the title was changed to simply
"Prince Royal de France" following the adoption of the new constitution. Though the monarchy
was abolished in 1792 and Louis XVI executed on 21 January 1793, royalists and foreign powers
recognised Louis-Charles as King Louis XVII. Louis XVII was never King of France and never ruled,
remaining a prisoner of the revolution, he most likely died of abuse and neglect at the hands
of the revolutionary authorities after the executions of the remaining royal household.
However, his death was never officially acknowledged by the Republic leading to many imposters
claiming his identity in later years. His uncle, Louis-Stanislas, duc de Anjou, who became King of France after the Bourbon restoration in 1814 styled himself Louis XVIII as an implicit acknowledgment of his nephew being the rightful King of France after Louis XVI had died.
Louis XVIII was recognised by Royalist counter revolutionaries during the wars of resistance
against the republic. He remained in exile from 1791, having succeeded in escaping to Germany
during the failed 'Flight to Varennes.' In exile he unilaterally proclaimed himself regent for his brother and then nephew rejecting the new revolutionary government, this proclamation was never recognised by Louis XVI and was acknowledged only by foreign powers and royalist exiles.
Style of the Monarch (short form): Roi de France (Roi de France et de Navarre) Latin: Rex Franciæ.
1789-1792 roi des Français ("King of the French").
Formal full style: Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi Très-chrétien, Roi de France et de Navarre,
co-prince de Andorre, Comte de Provençe, Forcalquier et les terres adjacentes, Dauphin de
Viennois, Comte de Valentinois et de Diois, Prince de Dombes, Duc de Bretagne. "By Grace of
God, most Christian majesty, King of France and the Navarre, co-prince of Andorra, Count of
Provence, Forcalquier and the lands adjacent, Dauphin of Viennois, Count of Valentinois and
the Diois, Prince of Dombes, Duke of Brittany".
Senior Orders: Ordre de Saint-Michel (Order of the St. Michael).
Ordre des chevaliers du Saint-Esprit (Order of the Knights of the Holy Spirit).
Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Denis (Royal and Military Order of St. Denis)
First French Republic
22 Sep 1792 République Française (First Republic)
Government: Authoritarian republic.
Capital: Paris.
Language: French, Occitan, Flemish, German, Bretton, Corsican, Catalan.
Religion: Constitutional Church (to 1801), Cult of Reason and the Supremr Being (1793-94).
National Anthem: "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée dy Rhin" (War Song for the Army on the Rhine).
National Day: Republic Day, 22 Sep 1792 (1st Vendémiaire 1).
National Emplem: Fasces.
National Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ou la Morte.
Currency: Franc.
Presidents of the National Assembly
25 Jun - 02 Jul 1791 Alexandre-François-Marie,
vicomte de Beauharnais (1st Time) ........................ 1760-1794
02 Jul - 19 Jul 1791 Charles-Malo-François,
comte de Lameth .......................................... 1757-1832
19 Jul - 30 Jul 1791 Joseph-Jacques Defermon,
dit Defermon des Chapelières ............................. 1752-1831
30 Jul - 13 Aug 1791 Alexandre-François-Marie,
vicomte de Beauharnais (2nd Time)
13 Aug - 27 Aug 1791 Charlesl-Louis-Victor,
prince de Broglie ........................................ 1756-1794
27 Aug - 10 Sep 1791 Théodore Vernier .......................................... 1731-1818
10 Sep - 14 Sep 1791 Jacques-Guillaume Thouret ................................. 1746-1794
Presidents of the National Assembly
10 Aug - 19 Aug 1792 Jean François Honoré Merlet ............................... 1761-1830
19 Aug - 02 Sep 1792 Jean-François Delacroix,
dit Lacroix .............................................. 1754-1793
02 Sep - 16 Sep 1792 Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles ........................... 1759-1794
16 Sep - 20 Sep 1792 Pierre Joseph Cambon ...................................... 1756-1820
Presidents of the National Convention
20 Sep - 04 Oct 1792 Jèrôme Pétion de Villeneurve .............................. 1756-1794
04 Oct - 18 Oct 1792 Jean-François Delacroix dit Lacroix ....................... (s.a)
18 Oct - 31 Oct 1792 Marguerite Élie Guadet .................................... 1755-1794
01 Nov - 15 Nov 1792 Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles (1st Time) ................ (s.a)
15 Nov - 29 Nov 1792 Henri Baptiste Grégoire ................................... 1750-1831
29 Nov - 13 Dec 1792 Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac ................................ 1755-1841
13 Dec - 27 Dec 1792 Joseph-Jacques Defermon,
dit Defermon des Chapelières ............................. (s.a)
27 Dec 1792 - 10 Jan 1793 Jean Baptiste Treilhard ................................... 1742-1810
10 Jan - 24 Jan 1793 Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud ............................... 1753-1793
24 Jan - 07 Feb 1793 Jean-Paul Rabaut,
dit Rabaut Saint-Étienne ................................. 1743-1793
07 Feb - 21 Feb 1793 Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit Bréard-Duplessis ..................................... 1751-1840
21 Feb - 07 Mar 1793 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois de Crancé,
dit Dubois-Crancé ........................................ 1747-1814
07 Mar - 21 Mar 1793 Arnaud Gensonné ........................................... 1758-1793
21 Mar - 04 Apr 1793 Jean Antoine Joseph de Bry ................................ 1760-1834
04 Apr - 18 Apr 1793 Jean François Bertrand Delmas ............................. 1751-1798
18 Apr - 02 May 1793 Marc David Alba, dit Alba-Lasource ........................ 1763-1793
02 May - 16 May 1793 Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède .............................. 1765-1793
16 May - 30 May 1793 Honoré Maximin Isnard ..................................... 1758-1825
30 May - 13 Jun 1793 François René Auguste Mallarmé ............................ 1755-1831
13 Jun - 27 Jun 1793 Jean-Marie Collot,
dit Collot d'Herbois (1st Time) .......................... 1749-1796
27 Jun - 11 Jul 1793 Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière ......................
11 Jul - 25 Jul 1793 André Jeanbon,
dit Jeanbon Saint-André .................................. 1749-1813
25 Jul - 08 Aug 1793 Georges-Jacques Danton .................................... s.a
08 Aug - 22 Aug 1793 Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles (2nd Time) ................ (s.a)
22 Aug - 05 Sep 1793 Maximilien François Marie Isidor de Robespierre ........... 1758-1794
(1st Time)
05 Sep - 19 Sep 1793 Jacques Nicolas Billaud,
dit Billaud-Varenne ...................................... 1756-1819
19 Sep - 03 Oct 1793 Pierre Joseph Cambon
03 Oct - 22 Oct 1793 Charles Louis Joseph Charlier ............................. 1754-1797
22 Oct - 06 Nov 1793 Moïse Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle ........................... 1755-1811
06 Nov - 21 Nov 1793 Pierre Antoine Laloy ...................................... 1749-1846
21 Nov - 06 Dec 1793 Charles Gilbert Romme ..................................... 1750-1795
06 Dec - 21 Dec 1793 Jean-Henri Voulland ....................................... 1751-1801
21 Dec 1793 - 05 Jan 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon ................................... 1755-1794
05 Jan - 20 Jan 1794 Jacques Louis Alexis ...................................... 1748-1825
20 Jan - 04 Feb 1794 Marc Guillaume Alexis Vadier .............................. 1736-1828
04 Feb - 19 Feb 1794 Joseph Nicolas Barbeau Du Barren,
dit Dubarran ............................................. 1761-1816
19 Feb - 06 Mar 1794 Louis de Saint-Just ....................................... 1767-1794
06 Mar - 21 Mar 1794 Philippe Jacques Ruhl ..................................... (s.a)
21 Mar - 05 Apr 1794 Jean-Lambert Tallien ...................................... 1767-1794
05 Apr - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Baptiste André Amar .................................. 1755-1816
20 Apr - 05 May 1794 Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet ............................... 1746-1825
05 May - 20 May 1794 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot .......................... 1753-1823
20 May - 04 Jun 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or (1st Time) .................... 1763-1821
04 Jun - 19 Jul 1794 Maximilien François Marie
Isidor de Robespierre (2nd Time)
19 Jun - 05 Jul 1794 Élie Lacoste .............................................. 1745-1806
05 Jul - 19 Jul 1794 Jean-Antoine Louis,
dit Louis du Bas-Rhin .................................... 1742-1796
19 Jul - 03 Aug 1794 Jean-Marie Collot,
dit Collot d'Herbois
03 Aug - 18 Aug 1794 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit Merlin de Douai ...................................... 1754-1838
18 Aug - 02 Sep 1794 Antoine Christophe Merlin,
dit Merlin de Thionville ................................. 1762-1833
02 Sep - 22 Sep 1794 André Antoine Bernard des Jeuzines,
dit Bernard de Saintes ................................... 1751-1818
22 Sep - 07 Oct 1794 André Dumont .............................................. 1765-1836
07 Oct - 22 Oct 1794 Jean Jacques Régis Cambacérès ............................. 1753-1824
22 Oct - 06 Nov 1794 Pierre Louis Prieur,
bit Prieur de la Marne ................................... 1756-1827
06 Nov - 24 Nov 1794 Louis Legendre ............................................ 1752-1797
24 Nov - 06 Dec 1794 Jean-Baptiste Clauzel ..................................... 1746-1803
06 Dec - 21 Dec 1794 Jean-François Reuball ..................................... 1747-1807
21 Dec 1794 - 06 Jan 1795 Pierre Louis Bentabole .................................... 1756-1798
06 Jan - 20 Jan 1795 Étienne François Louis Honoré
Le Tourneur .............................................. 1751-1817
20 Jan - 04 Feb 1795 Joseph Stanislas François ................................. 1748-1798
04 Feb - 19 Feb 1795 Jean Nicolas Paul François Barras ......................... 1755-1829
19 Feb - 06 Mar 1795 François Louis Bourdon,
dit Bourdon del'Oise ..................................... 1758-1798
06 Mar - 24 Mar 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau ................................. 1765-1854
24 Mar - 05 Apr 1795 Jean Pelet, dit Pelet de la Lozère ........................ 1759-1842
05 Apr - 20 Apr 1795 François Antoine Boissey d'Anglas ......................... 1756-1826
20 Apr - 05 May 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès .................................... 1748-1836
05 May - 25 May 1795 Théodore Vernier .......................................... (s.a)
25 May - 04 Jun 1795 Jean Baptiste Charles Mathieu,
dit Mathieu-Mirampal ..................................... 1752-1795
04 Jun - 19 Jun 1795 Jean-Denis Lanjuinais ..................................... 1753-1827
19 Jun - 04 Jul 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray ........................... 1760-1797
04 Jul - 19 Jul 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet de
Pontécoulant ............................................. 1764-1853
19 Jul - 03 Aug 1795 Louis Marie La Revellière,
dit La Revellière-Lépeaux ................................ 1753-1824
03 Aug - 19 Aug 1795 Pierre Claude François Daunou ............................. 1761-1840
19 Aug - 02 Sep 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Chénier ............................... 1764-1811
02 Sep - 23 Sep 1795 Théophile Berlier ......................................... 1761-1844
23 Sep - 08 Oct 1795 Pierre Charles Louis Baudin,
dit Baudin des Ardennes .................................. 1748-1799
08 Oct - 26 Oct 1795 Charles François Jean Joseph
Victor Génissieu ......................................... 1749-1804
Directors of the Republic
02 Nov 1795 - 31 Jan 1796 Jean-François Reubell ..................................... 1747-1807
01 Feb - 30 Apr 1796 Étienne François Louis Honoré
Le Tourneur .............................................. 1751-1817
01 May - 29 Jul 1796 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot .......................... (s.a)
29 Jul - 31 Oct 1796 Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux ...................... 1753-1824
01 Nov 1796 - 30 Jan 1797 Jean Paul François Jean Nicolas de Barras ................. 1755-1829
30 Jan - 30 Apr 1797 Jean François Reubell ..................................... (s.a)
01 May - 26 May 1797 Étienne François Louis Honoré ............................. (s.a)
26 May - 24 Aug 1797 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot .......................... (s.a)
24 Aug - 27 Nov 1797 Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux ...................... (s.a)
27 Feb 1797 - 25 Feb 1798 Jean Paul François Jean Nicolas de Barras ................. (s.a)
25 Feb - 26 May 1798 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit Merlin de Douai (1st Time) ........................... 1754-1838
26 May - 24 Aug 1798 Jean-François Reubell ..................................... (s.a)
24 Aug - 27 Nov 1798 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard
27 Nov 1798 - 25 Feb 1799 Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux ...................... (s.a)
25 Feb - 26 May 1799 Jean Paul François Jean Nicolas de Barras ................. (s.a)
26 May - 18 Jun 1799 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit Merlin de Douai (2nd Time)
18 Jun - 23 Sep 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès .................................... 1748-1836
23 Sep - 10 Nov 1799 Louis-Jèrôme Gohier ....................................... 1746-1830
10 Nov - 25 Dec 1799 Consular Executibe Commission
- Napoléon Bonaparte ........................................ 1769-1821
- Pierre Roger Ducos, Comte de Ducos ........................ 1747-1816
- Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès .................................... (s.a)
- Charles François Lebrun de Plaisance ...................... 1739-1824
First Consul of the Republic
25 Dec 1799 - 18 May 1804 Napoléon Bonaparte ........................................ (s.a)
Committee of Public Safety of the National Convention
20 Apr - 27 Jul 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon
20 Apr - 27 Jul 1794 Maximilien François Marie
Isidor de Robespierre .................................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 27 Jul 1794 Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just .......................... 1767-1794
20 Apr - 31 Jul 1794 Pierre Louis Prier dit,
Prieurde la Mare ......................................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 31 Jul 1794 André Jeanbon, dit Jeanbon Saint-André .................... 1745-1792
20 Apr - 01 Sep 1794 Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac ................................ (s.a)
20 Apr - 01 Sep 1794 Jacques Nicolas Billaud,
dit Billaud-Varenne ...................................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 01 Sep 1794 Jean-Marie Collot,
dit Collot d'Herbois ..................................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 06 Oct 1794 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot .......................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 06 Oct 1794 Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet ............................... (s.a)
20 Apr - 06 Oct 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or ............................... (s.a)
31 Jul - 05 Nov 1794 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard ................................... (s.a)
31 Jul - 05 Dec 1794 Jean-Jacques Bréard, dit
Bréard-Duplessis ......................................... (s.a)
05 Dec 1794 - 04 Apr 1795 François Antoine Boissy d'Anglas (1st Time)
05 Dec 1794 - 04 Apr 1795 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois de Crancé, dit Dubois-Crancé ... (s.a)
05 Dec 1794 - 05 Mar 1795 André Dumont .............................................. (s.a)
04 Jan - 04 May 1795 Jean-Jacques Bréard, dit Bréard-Duplessis (2nd Time)
04 Jan - 04 May 1795 Jean-Pierre Chazal ........................................ 1766-1840
04 Jan - 04 May 1795 Pierre Marec (1st Time) ................................... 1739-1828
03 Feb - 03 Jun 1795 Antoine François Fourcroy (2nd Time)
03 Feb - 03 Jun 1795 Pierre Jean Lacombe, dit
Lacombe Saint-Michel ..................................... 1751-1812
03 Feb - 03 Jun 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (2nd Time)
05 Mar - 03 Jul 1795 Marie François Sébastien
Christophe Delaporte, dit Laporte ........................ 1760-1823
05 Mar - 03 Jul 1795 Jean-François Reubell (1st Time) .......................... (s.a)
05 Mar - 03 Jul 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1st Time) ......................... (s.a)
04 Apr - 02 Aug 1795 François Aubry ............................................ 1747-1798
04 Apr - 02 Aug 1795 Jean Jacques Régis Cambacérès (2nd Time)
04 Apr - 04 May 1795 Jacques Antoine Creuzé de La .............................. 1749-1800
Touche, dit Creuzé-Latouche
04 Apr - 03 Jul 1795 Pierre Mathurin Gillet .................................... 1766-1795
04 Apr – 04 May 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage (1st Time) ........................... 1758-1796
04 Apr - 03 Jul 1795 Louis Félix Roux .......................................... 1753-1817
04 Apr - 02 Aug 1795 Jean-Lambert Tallien (2nd Time)
04 May - 01 Sep 1795 Joseph-Jacques Defermon,
dit Defermon des Chapelières ............................. (s.a)
04 May - 01 Sep 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet de Pontécoulant
04 May - 01 Sep 1795 Jacques Antoine Rabaut, dit Rabaut-Pomier ................. 1744-1820
04 May - 02 Aug 1795 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (2nd Time)
04 May - 01 Sep 1795 Théodore Vernier .......................................... (s.a)
03 Jun - 07 Oct 1795 Charles Antoine Augustin Blad ............................. 1764-1802
03 Jun - 07 Oct 1795 François Joseph Gamon ..................................... 1767-1832
03 Jun - 07 Oct 1795 Pierre François Joachim Henry-Larivière ................... 1761-1838
03 Jun - 07 Oct 1795 Pierre Marec (2nd Time)
03 Jul - 04 Nov 1795 François Antoine Boissy d'Anglas (2nd time)
03 Jul - 04 Nov 1795 Jean Antoine Joseph De Bry ................................ (s.a)
03 Jul - 04 Nov 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage (2nd Time)
03 Jul - 04 Nov 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray ........................... (s.a)
02 Aug - 04 Nov 1795 Étienne François Louis Honoré
Le Tourneur, dit Le Tourneur ............................. (s.a)
02 Aug - 04 Nov 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit .............................. (s.a)
Merlin de Douai (3rd time)
02 Aug - 04 Nov 1795 Jean-François Reubell (2nd Time)
02 Aug - 04 Nov 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (2nd Time)
01 Sep - 04 Nov 1795 Théophile Berlier ......................................... (s.a)
01 Sep - 04 Nov 1795 Jean Jacques Régis Cambacérès (3rd Time)
01 Sep - 04 Nov 1795 Pierre Claude François Daunou ............................. (s.a)
01 Sep - 04 Nov 1795 Louis Marie La Revellière, dit
La Revellière-Lépeaux .................................... (s.a)
07 Oct - 04 Nov 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Chénier ............................... (s.a)
07 Oct - 04 Nov 1795 Joseph Eschassériaux ...................................... 1753-1824
07 Oct - 04 Nov 1795 Charles Claude Christophe Gourdan ......................... 1744-1804
07 Oct - 04 Nov 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau ................................. 1765-1854
First and Second French Empires
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Paris.
Language: French, Italian, German, Catalan, Dutch, Serbo-Croat, Slovene (1804-14 empire).
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Chant du Départ" ("Song of the departure" 1804-1814),
"Partant pour la Syrie" ("Departing for Syria" 1852-70).
National Day:
National Emplem: Eagle and "golden bees".
National Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
Currency: Franc.
Emperors
18 May 1804 - 11 Apr 1814 Bonaparte, Napoléon I (1st Time) .......................... 1769-1821
23 Jan - 28 Mar 1814 Habsburg, Empress Marie Louise ............................ 1791-1847
(regent)
28 Mar - 30 Mar 1814 Joseph Napoléon de France ................................. 1768-1844
(Lieutenant-general for the Empire)
11 Apr 1814 - 20 Mar 1815 Position Abolished
20 Mar - 22 Jun 1815 Bonaparte, Napoléon I (2nd Time)
(in exile in Elba 30 Apr 1814 - 01 Mar 1815)
22 Jun - 07 Jul 1815 Bonaparte, Napoléon II François ........................... 1811-1832
(in Vienna, Austrian Empire)
- Joseph, comte Fouché, duc d'Otrante ....................... 1759-1820
- Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot,
comte Carnot ............................................. 1753-1823
- Paul, comte Grenier ....................................... 1768-1827
- Armand-Augustin-Louis Caulaincourt, ....................... 1773-1827
marquis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence
- Nicolas Marie Quinette, baron de Quinette de Rochemont .... 1762-1821
07 Jul 1815 - 01 Dec 1852 Possition Abolished
22 Jul 1832 - 28 Jul 1844 Bonaparte, Joseph-Napoléon ................................ 1768-1844
(titular emperor in exile in Florence)
28 Jul 1844 - 25 Jul 1846 Bonaparte, Louis I Napoléon ............................... 1778-1846
(titular emperor in exile)
02 Dec 1852 - 01 Mar 1871 Bonaparte, Charles-Louis Napoléon III ..................... 1808-1873
(Prussian prisoner from 02 Sep 1870)
26 Jul - 04 Sep 1870 de Montijo, Empress Eugénie ............................... 1826-1920
(Regent for Napoléon III [in exile from 07 Sep 1870])
09 Jan 1873 - 01 Jun 1879 Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon IV, prince impérial ............. 1856-1879
(Bonapartist pretender in Great Britain exile)
Archchancellor
10 Nov 1799 - 11 Apr 1814 Jean Jacques Regis de Cambaceres, duc de Parme ............ 1753-1824
Secretaries of State
25 Dec 1799 - 14 Apr 1811 Hugues Bernard Maret,
duc de Bassano (1st Time) ................................ 1763-1839
14 Apr 1811 - 20 Nov 1813 Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno, comte Daru ..................... 1767-1829
20 Nov 1813 - 01 Apr 1814 Hugues Bernard Maret,
duc de Bassano (2nd Time)
20 Apr - 22 Jun 1815 Hugues Bernard Maret,
duc de Bassano (3rd Time)
Minister presidents of the Council of State
30 Dec 1852 - 23 Jun 1863 Pierre Jules Baroche ...................................... 1802-1870
23 Jun - 18 Oct 1863 Eugène Roucher ............................................ 1814-1884
18 Oct 1863 - 28 Sep 1864 Gustave Rouland ........................................... 1806-1878
28 Sep 1864 - 17 Jul 1869 Adolphe Vuitry ............................................ 1813-1885
17 Jul - 27 Dec 1869 Jean Baptiste Duvergier ................................... 1792-1877
27 Dec 1869 - 09 Aug 1870 Olivier Émile Ollivier .................................... 1825-1913
09 Aug - 04 Sep 1870 Charles Guillaume Marie Appollinaire Antoine
Cousin Montauban, comte de Palikao ....................... 1796-1878
Prussian Commander
02 Sep 1870 - 25 Jun 1871 Hemuth Graf von Moltke .................................... 1800-1891
Governor-general
Dec 1870 - 25 Jun 1871 Georg Friedrich Alfred,
Graf von Frabrice ........................................ 1818-1891
Commander of the German Army of Occupation
25 Jun 1871 - 16 Sep 1873 Edwin von Manteuffel ...................................... 1809-1855
Style of the Ruler: Empereur des Français ("Emperor of the French").
Kingdom of France 1814-1848
1814-1830 1830-1848
Government: Constitutional Monarchy.
Capital: Paris.
Language: French, Occitan, German, Bretton, Corsican, Catalan, Flemish.
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Le Retour des Princes Français à Paris" (1815-1830). "La Parisienne" (1830-1848).
National Day:
National Emplem: fleur de lys (1814-1830.
National Motto: Montjoye Saint Denis! (1814-1830).
Currency: Franc.
Kings
02 May 1814 - 16 Sep 1824 Bourbon, Louis XVIII ...................................... s.a
(in exile 20 Mar - 22 Jun 1815)
16 Sep 1824 - 02 Aug 1830 Bourbon, Charles X ........................................ 1757-1836
02 Aug 1830 (20 minuets) Bourbon, Louis XIX Antoine, duc de Angoulême .............. 1775-1844
02 Aug - 09 Aug 1830 Bourbon, Henri V* ......................................... 1820-1883
09 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848 Bourbon, Louis-Philippe I "le Roi-Citoyen" ................ 1773-1850
(Lieutenant-general for the Kingdom to 09 Aug 1830)
24 Feb 1848 Bourbon, Louis-Philippe II d'Orléans ...................... 1838-1894
(proclaimed, never reigned)
Prime Ministers
09 Jul - 26 Sep 1815 Prince Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord ............. 1754-1838
26 Sep 1815 - 29 Dec 1818 Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis .............. 1766-1822
(1st Time)
29 Dec 1818 - 19 Nov 1819 Jean-Joseph Paul Augustin, Marquis Dessolles .............. 1767-1828
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Feb 1820 Élie Decazes, duc Decazes et de Glücksbieg ................ 1780-1860
20 Feb 1820 - 14 Dec 1821 Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis (2nd Time)
14 Dec 1821 - 04 Jan 1828 Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin ........ 1773-1854
04 Jan 1828 - 08 Aug 1829 Jean-Baptiste Sylvère Gay,
vicomte de Martignac ..................................... 1778-1832
08 Aug 1829 - 29 Jul 1830 Prince Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac ............. 1780-1847
13 Aug - 02 Nov 1830 Achille-Léonce-Victor-Charles duc de Broglie .............. 1785-1870
(1st Time)
02 Nov 1830 - 13 Mar 1831 Jacques Laffitte .......................................... 1767-1844
13 Mar 1831 - 16 May 1832 Casimir Pierre Perier ..................................... 1777-1832
11 Oct 1832 - 18 Jul 1834 Nicolas-Jean-de-Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie .......................................... 1769-1851
(1st Time)
18 Jul - 10 Nov 1834 Étienne Maurice Gérard, comte Gérard ...................... 1773-1852
10 Nov - 18 Nov 1834 Hugues-Bernard Maret,
duc de Bassano ........................................... 1763-1839
18 Nov 1834 - 12 Mar 1835 Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier,
duc de Trévise ........................................... 1768-1835
12 Mar 1835 - 22 Feb 1836 Achille-Léonce-Victor-Charles,
duc de Broglie (2nd Time)
22 Feb - 06 Sep 1836 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (1st Time)
06 Sep 1836 - 31 Mar 1839 Louis Mathieu, comte Molé ................................. 1781-1855
12 May 1839 - 01 Mar 1840 Nicolas-Jean-de-Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie (2nd Time)
01 Mar - 29 Oct 1840 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (2nd Time)
29 Oct 1840 - 19 Sep 1847 Nicolas-Jean-de-Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie (3rd Time)
19 Sep 1847 - 23 Feb 1848 François Pierre Guillaume Guizot .......................... 1787-1874
Commander of the Allied Occupation Army
07 Jun 1815 - 30 Nov 1818 Sir Arthur Wellesley,
Viscount Wellesley of Wellington (Great Britain) ......... 1769-1852
Note: Henri, comte de Chambord refused the French crown in 1870 thus ending any future hopes
of a royal restoration. The legitemacy of the republic was confirmed after his death.
Second French Republic
Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Republic
24 Feb - 09 May 1848 Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure .......................... 1767-1855
09 May - 10 May 1848 Philippe Joseph Benjamin Buchez
10 May - 24 Jun 1848 Dominique François Jean Arago ............................. 1786-1853
24 Jun - 28 Jun 1848 Antoine Maria Jules Sénard
28 Jun - 20 Dec 1848 Louis-Eugène Cavaignac .................................... 1802-1857
Prince-President
20 Dec 1848 - 01 Dec 1852 Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte .......................... 1808-1873
Prime Ministers
24 Feb - 09 May 1848 Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure .......................... 1767-1855
09 May - 24 Jun 1848 Francesc Joan Domènec Aragó ............................... 1786-1853
28 Jun - 20 Dec 1848 Louis-Eugène Cavaignac .................................... 1802-1857
20 Dec 1848 - 31 Oct 1849 Camille Hyacinthe Odilon Barrot ........................... 1791-1873
01 Nov 1849 - 10 Apr 1851 Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul .......................... 1789-1865
10 Apr - 26 Oct 1851 Léonard Joseph Léon Faucher ............................... 1803-1854
Minister of State
22 Jan - 30 Jul 1852 François Joseph Xavier, comte de Casabianca ............... 1796-1888
Third French Republic
Presidents
04 Sep 1870 - 13 Feb 1871 Louis Jules Trochu ........................................ 1815-1896 Mil
(Chairman of the government of national defence)
12 Feb - 16 Feb 1871 Denis Emmanuel, comte Benoist d'Azy ....................... 1796-1880
(acting)
16 Feb - 17 Feb 1871 François Jules Paul Grévy (1st Time) ...................... 1807-1891
17 Feb 1871 - 24 May 1873 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ......................... 1797-1877
24 May 1873 - 30 Jan 1879 Marie Edmé Patrice Maurice de MacMahon,
comte de McMahon, duc de Magenta ......................... 1808-1893
30 Jan 1879 - 02 Dec 1887 François Jules Paul Grévy (2nd Time)
03 Dec 1887 - 25 Jun 1894 Marie François Sadi Carnot ................................ 1837-1894
27 Jun 1894 - 16 Jan 1895 Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier ........................... 1847-1907
17 Jan 1895 - 16 Feb 1899 François Félix Faure ...................................... 1841-1899
18 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1906 Émile François Loubet ..................................... 1838-1929
18 Feb 1906 - 18 Feb 1913 Clément Armand Fallières .................................. 1841-1931
18 Feb 1913 - 18 Feb 1920 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré ........................... 1860-1934
18 Feb - 21 Sep 1920 Paul Eugene Louis Deschanel ............................... 1855-1922
21 Feb 1920 - 11 Jun 1924 Étienne Alexandre Millerand ............................... 1859-1943
13 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1931 Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue ........................ 1863-1937
13 Jun 1931 - 07 May 1932 Joseph Athanase Gaston Paul Doumer ........................ 1857-1932
10 May 1932 - 11 Jun 1940 Albert François Lebrun .................................... 1871-1946
Prime Ministers
04 Sep 1870 - 18 Jan 1871 Louis Jules Trochu ........................................ (s.a)
19 Feb 1871 - 24 May 1873 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufraure (1st Time) ................ 1798-1881
24 May 1873 - 22 May 1874 Jacques-Victor-Albert, duc de Broglie (1st Time) .......... 1821-1901
22 May 1874 - 10 Mar 1875 Ernest Louis Octave Courlot de Cissey ..................... 1810-1882
10 Mar 1875 - 23 Feb 1876 Louis Joseph Buffet ....................................... 1818-1898
23 Feb - 12 Dec 1876 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufraure (2nd Time)
12 Dec 1876 - 17 May 1877 Jules François Simon ...................................... 1814-1896
14 May - 23 Nov 1877 Jacques-Victor-Albert, duc de Broglie (2nd Time)
23 Nov - 13 Dec 1877 Gaëtan de Grimaudet de Rochebouët ......................... 1813-1899
13 Dec 1877 - 04 Feb 1879 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufraure (3rd Time)
04 Feb - 28 Dec 1879 William Henry Waddington .................................. 1826-1894
28 Dec 1879 - 23 Sep 1880 Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (1st Time) .......... 1828-1923
23 Sep 1880 - 14 Nov 1881 Jules François Camille Ferry (1st Time) ................... 1832-1893
14 Nov 1881 - 30 Jan 1882 Léon Gambetta ............................................. 1838-1882
30 Jan - 07 Aug 1882 Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (2nd Time)
07 Aug 1882 - 29 Jan 1883 Charles Théodore Eugène Duclerc ........................... 1882-1883
21 Feb 1883 - 06 Apr 1885 Jules François Camille Ferry (2nd Time)
29 Jan - 21 Feb 1883 Clément Armand Fallières .................................. 1841-1921
06 Apr 1885 - 07 Jan 1886 Eugène Henri Brisson ...................................... 1835-1912
07 Jan - 19 Dec 1886 Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (3rd Time)
19 Dec 1886 - 30 May 1887 René Goblet ............................................... 1828-1905
30 May - 12 Dec 1887 Maurice Rouvier (1st Time) ................................ 1842-1911
12 Dec 1887 - 03 Apr 1888 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (1st Time) ......................... 1827-1893
03 Apr 1888 - 22 Feb 1889 Charles Thomas Floquet .................................... 1828-1896
22 Feb 1889 - 17 Mar 1890 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (2nd Time)
17 Mar 1890 - 27 Feb 1892 Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (4th Time)
27 Feb - 06 Dec 1892 Émile François Loubet ..................................... s.a
06 Feb 1892 - 04 Apr 1893 Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (1st Time) ................... 1842-1923
04 Apr - 03 Dec 1893 Charles Alexandre Dupuy (1st Time) ........................ 1851-1923
03 Dec 1893 - 30 May 1894 Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier ........................... 1847-1907
30 May 1894 - 26 Jan 1895 Charles Alexandre Dupuy (2nd Time)
26 Jan - 31 Oct 1895 Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (2nd Time)
01 Nov 1895 - 29 Apr 1896 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois ............................. 1851-1925
29 Apr 1896 - 28 Jun 1898 Félix Jules Méline ........................................ 1838-1925
01 Nov 1898 - 22 Jun 1899 Charles Alexandre Dupuy (3rd Time)
22 Jun 1899 - 07 Jun 1902 Pierre Marie René Ernest Waldeck-Rousseau ................. 1846-1904
07 Jun 1902 - 24 Jan 1905 Émile Justin Louis Combes ................................. 1835-1921
24 Jan 1905 - 12 Mar 1906 Maurice Rouvier (2nd Time)
12 Mar - 25 Oct 1906 Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien .............................. 1840-1915
25 Oct 1906 - 24 Jul 1909 Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (1st Time) .................... 1841-1929
24 Jul 1909 - 02 Mar 1911 Aristide Briand (1st Time) ................................ 1862-1932
02 Mar - 27 Jun 1911 Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis ............................. 1846-1929
27 Jun 1911 - 21 Jan 1912 Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux ............................. 1863-1944
21 Jan 1912 - 21 Jan 1913 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (1st Time)
21 Jan - 22 Mar 1913 Aristide Briand (2nd Time)
22 Mar - 09 Dec 1913 Jean Louis Barthou ........................................ 1862-1934
09 Dec 1913 - 09 Jun 1914 Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (1st Time)
09 Jun - 13 Jun 1914 Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (3rd Time)
13 Jun 1914 - 29 Oct 1915 Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani .......................... 1863-1925
29 Oct 1915 - 20 Mar 1917 Aristide Briand (3rd Time)
20 Mar - 12 Sep 1917 Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (3rd Time)
12 Sep - 16 Nov 1917 Paul Painlevé ............................................. 1863-1913
16 Nov 1917 - 20 Jan 1920 Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (2nd Time)
20 Jan - 24 Sep 1920 Étienne Alexandre Millerand
24 Sep 1920 - 16 Jan 1921 Georges Leygues ........................................... 1857-1933
16 Jan 1921 - 15 Jan 1922 Aristide Briand (4th Time)
15 Jan 1922 - 08 Jun 1924 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (2nd Time)
08 Jun - 15 Jun 1924 Frédéric François-Marsal .................................. 1874-1958
15 Jun 1924 - 17 Apr 1925 Édouard Marie Hérriot (1st Time) .......................... 1872-1957
28 Nov 1925 - 20 Jul 1926 Aristide Briand (5th Time)
20 Jul - 23 Jul 1926 Édouard Marie Hérriot (2nd Time)
17 Apr - 28 Nov 1928 Paul Painlevé (2nd Time)
23 Jul 1926 - 29 Jul 1929 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (3rd Time)
29 Jul - 02 Nov 1929 Aristide Briand (6th Time)
02 Nov 1929 - 21 Feb 1930 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu ....................... 1876-1945
21 Feb - 02 Mar 1930 Camille Chautemps (1st Time) .............................. 1885-1963
02 Mar - 13 Dec 1930 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu (2nd Time)
13 Dec 1930 - 27 Jan 1931 Théodore Steeg ............................................ 1868-1950
27 Jan 1931 - 20 Feb 1932 Pierre Jean-Marie Laval ................................... 1883-1945
20 Feb - 03 Jun 1932 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu (3rd Time)
03 Jun - 18 Dec 1932 Édouard Marie Hérriot (3rd Time)
18 Dec 1932 - 31 Jan 1933 Augustin Alfred Joseph Paul-Boncour ....................... 1873-1972
31 Jan - 26 Oct 1933 Édouard Daladier .......................................... 1884-1970
26 Oct - 26 Nov 1933 Albert-Pierre Sarraut ..................................... 1872-1962
26 Nov 1933 - 30 Jan 1934 Camille Chautemps (2nd Time)
30 Jan - 09 Feb 1934 Édouard Daladier (2nd Time)
09 Feb 1934 - 08 Nov 1935 Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (2nd Time)
08 Nov 1934 - 01 Jun 1935 Pierre-Étienne Flandin .................................... 1889-1958
01 Jun - 07 Jun 1935 Fernand Bouisson .......................................... 1874-1959
07 Jun 1935 - 24 Jan 1936 Pierre Laval (2nd Time)
22 Jun 1937 - 19 Mar 1938 Camille Chautemps (3rd Time)
04 Jun 1936 - 22 Jun 1937 André Léon Blum (1st Time) ................................ 1872-1950
22 Jun 1937 - 13 Mar 1938 Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (3rd Time)
13 Mar - 10 Apr 1938 André Léon Blum (2nd Time)
10 Apr 1938 - 21 Mar 1940 Édouard Daladier (3rd Time)
21 Mar - 16 Jun 1940 Paul Jean Reymaund ........................................ 1878-1966
French State (Vichy France)
Government: Axis client state.
Capital: Vichy (de facto), Paris (de jure).
Language: French.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
National Anthem: "Maréchal, nous voilà!," ("Marshal we are here!").
National Day:
National Emplem: Francisca.
National Motto: Travail, famille, patrie (Labour, Family, Fatherland).
Currency: Franc.
Chief of State
11 Jun 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 Henri Pilippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain ................... 1856-1951 Mil
(continues in exile in Sigmaringen, Germany to 08 May 1945)
Prime Ministers
11 Jul - 13 Dec 1940 Pierre Jean-Marie Laval (1st Time) ........................ s.a
13 Dec 1940 - 09 Feb 1941 Pierre Étienne Flandin .................................... 1889-1958
09 Feb 1941 - 18 Apr 1942 Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan ......................... 1881-1942
18 Apr 1942 - 20 Aug 1944 Pierre Jean-Marie Laval (2nd Time)
Fourth French Republic
Presidents
20 Aug 1944 - 16 Jan 1947 The Heads of Government
16 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1954 Jules Vincent Auriol ...................................... 1884-1966
16 Jan 1954 - 08 Jan 1959 René Jules Gustave Coty ................................... 1882-1962
Prime Ministers
03 Jun 1944 - 26 Jan 1946 Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (1st Time) ........... (s.a)
26 Jan - 24 Jun 1946 Félix Gouin ............................................... 1884-1977
24 Jun - 28 Nov 1946 Georges-Augustine Bidault (1st Time) ...................... 1899-1983
28 Nov - 16 Dec 1946 Vincent Jules Auriol ...................................... 1884-1966
16 Dec 1946 - 16 Jan 1947 André Léon Blum (3rd Time)
22 Jan - 24 Nov 1947 Paul Ramadier ............................................. 1888-1961
24 Nov 1947 - 26 Jul 1948 Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman ...................... 1886-1963
26 Jul - 05 Sep 1948 André Marie ............................................... 1897-1974
11 Sep 1948 - 28 Oct 1949 Henri Queuille (1st Time) ................................. 1884-1970
28 Oct 1949 - 02 Jul 1950 Georges-Augustine Bidault (2nd Time)
02 Jul - 12 Jul 1950 Henri Queuille (2nd Time)
12 Jul 1950 - 10 Mar 1951 René Pleven (1st Time) .................................... 1901-1993
10 Mar - 11 Aug 1951 Henri Queuille (3rd Time)
11 Aug 1951 - 20 Jan 1952 René Pleven (2nd Time)
20 Jan - 08 Mar 1952 Edgar Faure ............................................... 1908-1988
08 Mar 1952 - 08 Jan 1953 Antoine Pinay ............................................. 1891-1994
08 Jan - 28 Jun 1953 René Mayer ................................................ 1895-1972
28 Jul 1953 - 19 Jun 1954 Joseph Laniel ............................................. 1889-1975
19 Jun 1954 - 23 Feb 1955 Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendès-France ........................ 1907-1982
23 Feb - 17 Mar 1955 Christian Pineau .......................................... 1904-1995
17 Mar 1955 - 31 Jan 1956 Edgar Faure (2nd Time)
01 Feb 1956 - 12 Jun 1957 Guy Alcide Mollet ......................................... 1905-1975
13 Jun - 06 Nov 1957 Maurice Jean Marie Bourgès-Maunoury ....................... 1914-1993
06 Nov 1957 - 13 May 1958 Félix Gaillard d'Aimé ..................................... 1919-1970
14 May - 31 May 1958 Pierre Eugène Jean Pflimlin ............................... 1907-2000
01 Jun 1958 - 08 Jan 1959 Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (2nd Time)
Fifth Republic
Government: Presidential Republic.
Capital: Paris.
Language: French (official), Occitan, German, Bretton, Corsican, Catalan, Flemish.
Religion: Roman Catholic, Islam, Protestant, Buddhist, Jewish.
National Anthem: "La Marseillaise"
National Day: Bastille day, 14 July (1789).
National Emplem:
National Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
Currency: Euro (Franc to 2001).
Presidents
08 Jan 1959 - 28 Apr 1969 Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ...................... 1890-1970 UNR
28 Apr - 20 Jun 1969 Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher ............................. 1909-1996 CD
(1st Time, interim)
20 Jun 1969 - 03 Apr 1974 Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou ............................. 1911-1974 UDR
03 Apr - 27 May 1974 Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher ............................. s.a
(2nd Time, interim)
27 May 1974 - 21 May 1981 Valéry Marie René Giscard d'Estaing ....................... 1926-2020 RI
21 May 1981 - 17 May 1995 François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand .................. 1916-1996 PS
17 May 1995 - 17 May 2007 Jacques René Chirac ....................................... 1932-2019 RPR (UMP from 2002)
17 May 2007 - 15 May 2012 Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa ............... 1955- UMP
15 May 2012 - 14 May 2017 François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande .................. 1954- PS
14 May 2017 - Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron ...................... 1977- EM!
Prime Ministers
08 Jan 1959 - 14 Apr 1962 Michel Jean-Pierre Debré .................................. 1912-1996 UNR
14 Apr 1962 - 10 Jun 1968 Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou ............................. s.a
10 Jun 1968 - 20 Jun 1969 Maurice Couve de Murville ................................. 1907-1999 UNR
20 Jun 1969 - 05 Apr 1973 Jacques Michel Pierre Chaban-Delmas ....................... 1915-2000 UDR
05 Apr 1973 - 27 May 1974 Pierre Joseph Augustin Messmer ............................ 1916-2007 UDR
27 May 1974 - 26 Aug 1976 Jacques René Chirac (1st Time) ............................ s.a
26 Aug 1976 - 21 May 1981 Raymond Octave Joseph Barre ............................... 1924-2007 UDR
21 May 1981 - 17 Jul 1984 Pierre Mauroy ............................................. 1928-2013 PS
17 Jul 1984 - 20 Mar 1986 Laurent Fabius ............................................ 1946- PS
20 Mar 1986 - 10 May 1988 Jacques René Chirac (2nd Time)
10 May 1988 - 15 May 1991 Michel Rocard ............................................. 1930-2016 PS
15 May 1991 - 02 Apr 1992 Édith Campion Cresson ..................................... 1934- PS
02 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 Pierre Eugène Bérégovy .................................... 1925-1993 PS
29 Mar 1993 - 18 May 1995 Édouard Balladur .......................................... 1929- RPR
18 May 1995 - 05 Jun 1997 Alain Marie Juppé ......................................... 1945- RPR
05 Jun 1997 - 06 May 2002 Lionel Jospin ............................................. 1937- PS
06 May 2002 - 31 May 2005 Jean-Pierre Raffarin ...................................... 1948- UMP
01 Jun 2005 - 17 May 2007 Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ....... 1953- UMP
17 May 2007 - 15 May 2012 François Charles Amand Fillon ............................. 1954- UMP
15 May 2012 - 01 Apr 2014 Jean-Marc Ayrault ......................................... 1950- PS
01 Apr 2014 - 06 Dec 2016 Manuel Carles Valls Galfetti .............................. 1962- PS
06 Dec 2016 - 10 May 2017 Bernard Guy Georges Cazeneuve ............................. 1963- PS
15 May 2017 - 03 Jul 2020 Édouard Charles Philippe .................................. 1970- LR
03 Jul 2020 - 16 May 2022 Jean Castex ............................................... 1965-
16 May 2022 - 09 Jan 2024 Élisabeth Borne ........................................... 1961- EM!
09 Jan - 06 Sep 2024 Gabriel Nissim Attal de Couriss ........................... 1989- RE
06 Sep 2024 - Michel Jean Barnier ....................................... 1951- RE
CD=Centre démocrate (Democratic Centre, Centerist, dissolved 1976).
DVG=Divers Gauche (Miscellaneous Left).
EM!=EN Marche! (Forward, Onward!, Centerism, social-liberal, third-way).
FN=Front National (National Front, Nationalist, populist, isolationist).
LR=Les Républicains (The Republicans, center-right, former UMP).
LV=Les Verts (The Greens, Enviromentalist, Leftist).
PCF=Parti communiste français (French Communist Party, Communist).
PS=Parti Socialiste (Socialist Party, Social Democratic).
RI=Fédération Nationale des Républicains Indépendants.
(National federation of independant republicans, Conservative [Now dissolved]).
RPR=Rassemblement pour la Republique (Rally for the Republic, Gaullist, Consevative 1976-2002).
UDR=Union pour la défense de la République (Gaullist, became UNR 1976).
UMP=Union pour un Moverment Populaire (Union for a popular movement,
Rightwing, Conservative; former UNR/UDR [LR from 2015]).
UNR=L'Union pour la nouvelle République (Gaullist, renamed UDR 1968).
Orders: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour).
Ordre national du Mérite (National Order of Merit).
Avignon - Comtat Venaissin
1125 Comtat-Venaissin part of County of Toulouse
12 Sep 1226 Avignon conquered by France
07 May 1251 - 25 Aug 1271 Avignon a common possession of counts of Anjou and Poitiers
25 Aug 1271 Part of the French royal realm
1274 Comtat Venaissin becomes a Papal possesstion
09 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Avignion Papacy
09 Jun 1348 Avignon a Papal possesstion
28 Jul 1663 - 12 Feb 1664 French occupation
09 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 French occupation
24 May 1790 Comtat proclaims a constitution but remains loyal to the Pope
12 Jun 1790 Avignon assembly votes for union with France
12 Jun 1790 End of Papal rule
10 Jan - 14 Jun 1791 Civil war between Comtat and Avignon
14 Sep 1791 Avignon and Comtat annexed by France
19 Feb 1797 Ceded to France by Treaty of Tolentino
30 May 1814 Annexation formally recognised by the Pope
Sovereigns
09 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Popes of the Roman Catholic Church
Vice-legats of Avignon
10 Feb 1542 - 1544 Alessandro Campeggio
1544 - 1547 Antonio Trivulzio
1547 - 1552 Camillo Mentuato
1552 - 1554 Théodore-Jean de Clermont-Tallard
1554 - 1559 Giacomo Maria de Sala
1560 - 1562 Alessandro Guiduccioni
06 Feb 1562 - 1565 Lorenzo Lenzi
1565 - 1585 Georges Cardinal d'Armagnac
1585 Guillaume Le Blanc
(acting)
1585 - 05 Dec 1589 Domenico Grimaldi (1st Time)
1589 - 1592 Domenico Petrucci
- 02 Aug 1592 Domenico Grimaldi (2nd Time)
22 Aug 1592 - 1593 Silvio Savelli
1594 - 1595 Antonio Gianotti
11 Feb 1596 - 1599 Giovanni Francesco Bordini
1599 - 1604 Carlo Conti
12 Feb 1604 - 1607 Pietro Francesco Montorio
1607 - 1609 Giuseppe Ferreri
1609 - 1610 Francesco Stefano Dulci
1610 - 14 Jun 1614 Filippo Filonardi
1614 - 1621 Giovanni Francesco de Bagno
1621 - 1622 Guillaume du Broc du Nozet
1622 Ottavio Corsini
1622 Bartolomeo Guidotti
1623 - 1629 Cosimo de' Bardi
1629 - 1634 Mario Filondari
24 Jul 1634 - 1637 Jules Cardinale Mazarine
1634 - 1636 Fabrice de la Bourdaisière
(acting for Mazarine)
1637 - 1645 Federico Sforza
1645 Bernardo Pinelli
31 Jul 1645 - 08 Oct 1653 Lorenzo Corsi
08 Oct 1653 - 05 Jun 1654 Domenico de Marinis
05 Jun 1654 - 23 Dec 1655 Agostino Franciotti
23 Dec 1655 - 28 Jan 1659 Giovanni Niccolò Conti
29 Jan 1659 - 24 Sep 1664 Gaspare Lascaris di Castellar
28 Jul 1663 - 12 Feb 1664 François des Monstiers,
comte de Mérinville
(French governor-general)
24 Sep 1664 - 20 Aug 1665 Alessandro Colonna
21 Aug 1665 - 1670 Lorenzo Lomellini
12 Jul - 1670 Azzo Aristo
(1st Time, acting)
19 Jul 1670 - 05 Apr 1671 Orazio Mattei
01 Apr - 18 Aug 1671 Azzo Aristo
(2nd Time, acting)
18 Aug 1671 - 26 Feb 1672 Niccolò Pietro Bargellini
27 Feb - 28 Aug 1672 Azzo Aristo
(3rd Time, acting)
28 Aug 1672 - 1673 Marcello Durazzo
30 May - 20 Jul 1673 Giacinto Libelli
(1st Time, acting)
20 Jul 1673 - 17 Aug 1676 Carlo Anguisciola
17 Aug 1676 - 1677 Giacinto Libelli
(2nd Time, acting)
1677 - 1685 Francesco Niccolini
12 Dec 1685 - 31 Jul 1691 Baldasare Cenci
31 Jul 1691 - 08 Apr 1692 Lorenzo Fieschi
(1st Time, acting)
08 Apr 1692 - 26 Feb 1696 Marco Delfino
26 Feb - 07 Jun 1696 Lorenzo Fieschi
(2nd Time, acting)
07 Jun 1696 - 26 Jul 1700 Filippo Antonio Gualteri
26 Jul - 10 Aug 1700 Giovanni Battista Cicci
19 Aug 1700 - 31 May 1703 Antoine François Sanvitali
01 Jun 1703 - 08 Aug 1706 Antoine Banchieri
04 Nov 1706 - 12 Nov 1711 Sinibaldo Doria
12 Nov 1711 - 10 Oct 1716 Alamanno Salviati
10 Oct 1716 - 20 May 1719 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
20 May 1719 - 07 Mar 1731 Rainiero d'Elci
11 Sep 1731 - 08 Oct 1739 Philippe Buondelmonte
08 Oct - 18 Nov 1739 Marcel Crescenzi
18 Nov 1739 - 08 Oct 1744 Nicolo Maria Cardinal Lercari
09 Oct 1744 - 18 Jul 1754 Pasquale d'Acquaviva d'Aragon
18 Jul 1754 - 16 Feb 1760 Paolo Passionei
16 Feb 1760 - 1766 Grégoire Antoine Marie Salviati
1766 - 1767 François Marie de Manzi (1st Time)
1767 - 08 Jun 1768 Joseph Vincentini
09 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 Jean Louis Roger,
marquis de Rochechouart
(French governor)
01 May 1774 - 02 May 1775 François Marie de Manzi (2nd Time)
02 May 1775 - 12 Jun 1776 Angel Marie Durini
06 Aug 1776 - 1787 Giacomo Filomarino della Rocca
1787 - 12 Jun 1790 Philippe Casoni
Maires de Avignon
Feb - 14 Mar 1790 Jean-Baptiste d'Armand
14 Mar 1790 - 14 Sep 1791 Antoine Agricol Richard
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