Denmark
Royal arms
... Denmark founded
899 Kingdom of Denmark
Apr 1016 - 08 Jun 1042 In personal union with the Kingdom of England
11 Sep 1380 Greenland under Danish rule
11 Sep 1380 - 30 Nov 1918 Danish rule over Iceland
12 Sep 1380 - 24 Jan 1814 In Personal union with Norway
11 Jul 1396 - 06 Jun 1523 Kalmar Union with Norway and Sweden
03 Jul 1721 Greenland a Danish possession (recognised by Treaty of Kiel 1814)
24 Jan 1814 Norway ceded to Sweden
08 May - 16 Nov 1864 Austro-Prussian occupation of Jutland
30 Oct 1864 Schleswig-Holstein ceded to Austrian Empire
23 Aug 1866 Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg ceded to Prussia
01 Dec 1918 - 17 Jun 1944 In personal union with the Kingdom of Iceland
15 Jun 1920 Northern Schleswig reincorporated into Denmark
09 Apr 1940 - 05 May 1945 Occupied by Germany
01 Jan 1973 Accession to the EEC
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Copenhagen.
Language: Danish, German.
Religion: Lutheran.
National Anthem: "Der er et yndigt land" ("Here is a loverly land").
National Emblem: Royal arms.
National Day: Constitution Day, 5th June (1849).
National Motto: Guds hjaelp, Folkets kaelinghed Danmarks Styrke.
EU Accession: 1973.
Currency: Dansih Krone.
Monarchs
Fridlief I
Skiold
Frodhi I
Fridlief II
Havar I
Frodhi II
Vermund "The Sage"
Olaf I "The Mild"
Dan "The Magnificent"
Frodhi III
Halfdan I
Fridlief III
Frodhi IV
407-456 Inglid I
456-457 Haldfan
457-460 Frodhi V
460-494 Helge
460-494 Roe
494-510 Frodhi VI
510-522 Hrolf Crow
522-548 Frodhi VII
548-580 Halfdan III
580-588 Rurik Slyngebard
588-647 Ivar
647-735 Harald I
735-770 Randver
770-812 Sigurd I
850-854 Horik I
854-860 Horik II
860-865 Ragnar
865-873 Sigurd II
873-884 Knud I
884-885 Frodo
885-900 Harald II
900 - 950 Hardeknud, Gorm "The Old"
950 - 986 Hardeknud, Harald III Bluetooth
01 Nov 986 - 992 Hardeknud, Svend I Forkbeard
(1st Time)
992 - 995 Erik Bjornsson Segersall
955 - 02 Feb 1014 Hardeknud, Svend I Forkbeard
(2nd Time)
02 Feb 1014 - 1018 Hardeknud, Harald IV
1018 - 12 Nov 1035 Hardeknud, Knud II The Great
12 Nov 1035 - 08 Jun 1042 Hardeknud, Knud III "The Hardy"
08 Jun 1042 - 25 Oct 1047 Hardeknud, Magnus I "The Good"
25 Oct 1047 - 29 Apr 1076 Estridsen, Svend II
29 Apr 1074 - 17 Apr 1080 Estrudsen, Harald V
17 Apr 1080 - 10 Jul 1086 Estridsen, Knud IV "The Saint"
10 Jul 1086 - 18 Aug 1095 Estridsen, Oluf I Hunger
18 Aug 1095 - 10 Jul 1103 Estridsen, Erik I Evergood
1103 - 17 Jan 1131 Estridsen, Knud V
1104 - 25 Jun 1134 Estridsen, Neils
(co-ruler)
1134 Estridsen, Magnus II
1135 - 18 Sep 1137 Estridsen, Erik II
(co-ruler)
18 Sep 1137 - 27 Aug 1147 Estridsen, Erik III
1140 - 1143 Oluf II
(co-ruler)
1140 - 1143 Oluf Haraldsen
27 Aug 1146 - 23 Oct 1157 Estridsen, Svend III
1146 - 1151 Estridsen, Knud VI
1154 - 12 May 1182 Estridsen, Valdamar I "The Great"
25 Jun 1170 - 12 Nov 1202 Estridsen, Knud VII
(co-ruler to 12 May 1182)
1175 - 20 Oct 1183 Prince Kanut
(co-ruler in Laaland)
12 Nov 1202 - 28 Mar 1241 Estridsen, Valdemar II "The Victorious"
1218 - 28 Nov 1231 Estridsen, Valdemar Valdamarsen
1232 - 10 Aug 1250 Estridsen, Erik IV "Ploughpenny"
(co-ruler to 28 Mar 1241)
28 Mar 1241 - 10 Aug 1250 Estridsen, Knut Valdemarsen
(co-ruler, 1st Time)
10 Aug 1250 - 29 Jun 1252 Estridsen, Abel
10 Aug 1250 - 29 Jun 1252 Estridsen, Knut Valdemarsen
(co-ruler, 2nd Time)
29 Jun 1252 - 28 May 1259 Estridsen, Christoffer I
28 May 1259 - 22 Nov 1286 Estridsen, Erik V
22 Nov 1286 - 13 Nov 1319 Estridsen, Erik VI
13 Nov 1319 - 07 Jun 1326 Estridsen, Christoffer II
(co-ruler, 1st Time)
07 Jun 1326 - 23 Feb 1330 Estridsen, Valdemar III "Law Mender"
23 Feb 1330 - 02 Aug 1332 Estridsen, Christoffer II
(co-ruler, 2nd Time)
02 Aug 1332 - 22 Jun 1340 Regency
22 Jun 1340 - 24 Oct 1375 Valdemar IV Christoffersøn
24 Oct 1375 - May 1376 Niels Jønsøn
(chairman of the state council)
May 1376 - 03 Aug 1387 Estridsen, Oluf II
03 Aug 1387 - 24 Jan 1396 Estridsen, Margrethe I
24 Jan 1396 - 23 Jun 1439 Estridsen, Erik VII
25 Jul 1439 - 05 Jan 1448 Estridsen, Christoffer III
28 Sep 1448 - 22 May 1481 Oldenburg, Christian I ................................ 1426-1481
22 May 1481 - 20 Feb 1513 Oldenburg, Hans Christiansen .......................... 1455-1513
22 Jul 1513 - 26 Mar 1523 Oldenburg, Christian II ............................... 1481-1559
13 Apr 1523 - 10 Apr 1533 Oldenburg, Frederik I ................................. 1471-1533
19 Aug 1535 - 01 Jan 1559 Oldenburg, Christian III .............................. 1503-1559
01 Jan 1559 - 14 Apr 1588 Oldenburg, Frederik II ................................ 1534-1588
04 Apr 1588 - 17 Aug 1596 Peder Munk til Estvadgaard ............................ 1534-1623
(Regent)
- Christoffer Walckendorff .............................. 1525-1601
(Regent)
04 Apr 1588 - 29 Jun 1594 Niels Kaas til Taarupgaard ............................ 1534-1594
(Regent)
04 Aug 1588 - 09 Apr 1596 Jørgen Rosenkrantz til Rosenholm ...................... 1523-1596
(Regent)
14 Apr 1588 - 09 Mar 1648 Oldenburg, Christian IV ............................... 1577-1648
28 Feb - 08 May 1648 Corfitz greve af Ulfeld ............................... 1606-1664
(Regent)
09 Mar - 16 Jul 1648 Christen Thomesen Sehested ............................ 1590-1657
(Regent)
16 Jul 1648 - 19 Feb 1670 Oldenburg, Frederik III ............................... 1609-1670
19 Feb 1670 - 04 Sep 1699 Oldenburg, Christian V ................................ 1646-1699
04 Sep 1699 - 12 Oct 1730 Oldenburg, Frederik IV ................................ 1671-1730
12 Oct 1730 - 06 Aug 1746 Oldenburg, Christian VI ............................... 1699-1746
06 Aug 1746 - 14 Jan 1766 Oldenburg, Frederik V ................................. 1723-1766
14 Jan 1766 - 13 Mar 1808 Oldenburg, Christian VII .............................. 1749-1808
16 Jan 1772 - 14 Apr 1784 Welf, Juliane von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel .......... 1729-1796
(Queen regent for Christian VII)
13 Mar 1808 - 03 Dec 1839 Oldenberg, Frederik VI ................................ 1768-1839
(Kronprinsregent from 14 Apr 1784)
03 Dec 1839 - 20 Jan 1848 Oldenburg, Christian VIII ............................. 1786-1848
20 Jan 1848 - 15 Nov 1863 Oldenburg, Frederik VII ............................... 1808-1863
15 Nov 1863 - 29 Jan 1906 Oldenburg, Christian IX ............................... 1818-1906
(Christian von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck)
29 Jan 1906 - 14 May 1912 Oldenburg, Frederik VIII .............................. 1843-1912
14 May 1912 - 20 Apr 1947 Oldenburg, Christian X ................................ 1872-1947
20 Apr 1947 - 14 Jan 1972 Oldenburg, Frederik IX ................................ 1899-1972
14 Jan 1972 - 14 Jan 2024 Oldenburg, Margrethe II ............................... 1940-
14 Jan 2024 - de Montpezat, Frederik X .............................. 1968-
Prime Ministers
22 Mar 1848 - 27 Jan 1852 Adam Vilhelm Moltke, greve Moltke (1st Time) .......... 1785-1864
27 Jan 1852 - 21 Apr 1853 Christian Albrecht Bluhme ............................. 1794-1866
21 Apr 1853 - 12 Dec 1854 Anders Sandøe Ørsted .................................. 1788-1860
12 Dec 1854 - 18 Oct 1856 Peter Georg Bang ...................................... 1797-1861
18 Oct 1856 - 13 May 1857 Carl Christopher Georg Andræ .......................... 1812-1893
13 May 1857 - 02 Dec 1859 Carl Christian Hall (1st Time) ........................ 1812-1888
02 Dec 1859 - 08 Feb 1860 Carl Eduard Rotwitt ................................... 1812-1860
08 Feb 1860 - 31 Dec 1863 Carl Christian Hall (2nd Time)
31 Dec 1863 - 11 Jul 1864 Ditlev Gothard Monrad ................................. 1811-1887
11 Jul 1864 - 06 Nov 1865 Christian Albrecht Bluhme (2nd Time)
06 Nov 1865 - 28 May 1870 Christian Emil, Greve Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs ............ 1817-1896
28 May 1870 - 14 Jul 1874 Ludvid Henrik Carl Herman Holstein-Holsteinborg ....... 1815-1892
14 Jul 1874 - 11 Jun 1875 Christian Andreas Fonnesbech .......................... 1817-1880
11 Jun 1875 - 07 Aug 1894 Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup ........................ 1825-1913
07 Aug 1894 - 23 May 1897 Kjeld Thor Tage Otto Reedtz-Thott ..................... 1839-1923
23 May 1897 - 27 Apr 1900 Hugo Egmond Hørring ................................... 1842-1909
27 Apr 1900 - 24 Jul 1901 Hannibal Sehested til Broholm ......................... 1842-1924
24 Jul 1901 - 15 Jan 1905 Johan Hendrik Deuntzer ................................ 1845-1918
15 Jan 1905 - 11 Oct 1908 Jens Christian Christensen ............................ 1856-1930
11 Oct 1908 - 16 Aug 1909 Niels Thomasius Neergaard (1st Time) .................. 1854-1936
16 Aug - 28 Oct 1909 Johan Ludvig Carl Christian Tido Holstein ............. 1839-1912
28 Oct 1909 - 04 Jul 1910 Carl Ludvig Zahle (1st Time) .......................... 1866-1946
04 Jul 1910 - 21 Jun 1913 Klaus Espen Berntsen .................................. 1844-1927
21 Jun 1913 - 30 Mar 1920 Carl Ludvig Zahle (2nd Time)
30 Mar - 05 Apr 1920 Carl Julius Otto Liebe ................................ 1860-1929
05 Apr - 05 May 1920 Michael Petersen Friis ................................ 1857-1949
05 May 1920 - 23 Apr 1924 Niels Thomasius Neergaard (2nd Time)
23 Apr 1924 - 13 Dec 1926 Thorvald August Marinus Stauning (1st Time) ........... 1873-1942
13 Dec 1926 - 28 Apr 1929 Thomas Madsen-Mygal ................................... 1876-1943
28 Apr 1929 - 04 May 1942 Thorvald August Marinus Stauning (2nd Time)
04 May - 10 Nov 1942 Vilhelm Buhl (1st Time) ............................... 1881-1954
10 Nov 1942 - 05 May 1945 Erik Julius Christian Scavenius ....................... 1877-1962
05 May - 07 Nov 1945 Vilhelm Buhl (2nd Time)
07 Nov 1945 - 13 Nov 1947 Knud Kristensen ....................................... 1880-1962 V
13 Nov 1947 - 27 Oct 1950 Hans Hedtoft Hansen (1st Time) ........................ 1903-1962 S
27 Oct 1950 - 30 Sep 1953 Erik Eriksen .......................................... 1902-1972 V
01 Oct 1953 - 29 Jan 1955 Hans Hedtoft Hansen (2nd Time)
29 Jan 1955 - 19 Feb 1960 Hans Christian Svane Hansen ........................... 1906-1960 S
19 Feb 1960 - 03 Sep 1962 Olfert Viggo Fischer Kampmann ......................... 1910-1976 S
03 Sep 1962 - 18 Feb 1968 Jens Otto Krag (1st Time) ............................. 1914-1978 S
18 Feb 1968 - 09 Oct 1971 Hilmar Tormod Ingolf Baunsgaard ....................... 1920-1989 R
09 Oct 1971 - 05 Oct 1972 Jens Otto Krag (2nd Time)
05 Oct 1972 - 18 Dec 1973 Anker Hendrik Jørgensen (1st Time) .................... 1922-2016 S
18 Dec 1973 - 13 Feb 1975 Poul Hartling ......................................... 1914-2000 V
13 Feb 1975 - 10 Sep 1982 Anker Hendrik Jørgensen (2nd Time)
10 Sep 1982 - 25 Jun 1993 Poul Holmskov Schülter ................................ 1929-2020 K
10 Sep 1993 - 27 Nov 2001 Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen ............................. 1943- S
27 Nov 2001 - 05 Apr 2009 Anders Fogh Rasmussen ................................. 1953- V
05 Apr 2009 - 03 Oct 2011 Lars Løkke Rasmussen (1st Time) ....................... 1964- V
03 Oct 2011 - 28 Jun 2015 Helle Thorning-Schmidt ................................ 1966- S
28 Jun 2015 - 27 Jun 2019 Lars Løkke Rasmussen (2nd Time)
27 Jun 2019 - Mette Frederiksen ..................................... 1977- S
DF=Dansk Folkeparti (Danish People's Party, Nationalist, conservative, populist).
K=Konservative Folkparti (Conservative People's Party, Conservative).
R=Radikale Venstre (Radical Left, Social liberal).
S=Socialdemokraterne (Social Democrats, Centre-left).
SF=Socialistisk Folkeparti (Socialist People's Party, Eco-socialism, Marxism).
V=Venstre (Left Liberal Party, Conservative liberalism, Nordic agrarianism.
Kalmar Union
17 Jun 1387 Treaty of Kalmar founds the union under one King
06 Jun 1523 Union dissolved upon the secession of Sweden
Government: Monarchy.
Capital: Roskilde 1388-1443, Copenhagen 1443-1523.
Language: Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Icelandic, German.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
Currency: Ortug.
Kings
17 Jun 1387 - 24 Jan 1396 Estridsen, Margrethe
24 Jan 1396 - 23 Jun 1439 Gryfici, Erik (Boguslaw) af Pommern
25 Jul 1439 - 05 Jan 1448 Wittelsbach, Christoffer von Bayern
20 Jun 1448 - 24 Feb 1457 Bonde, Karl Knutsson (1st Time)
(King of Sweden, King of Norway 20 Nov 1449 - 1450)
28 Sep 1448 - 22 May 1481 Oldenburg, Christian I
09 Aug 1464 - 30 Jan 1465 Bonde, Karl Knutsson (2nd Time)
(King of Sweden)
12 Nov 1467 - 15 May 1470 Bonde, Karl Knutsson (3rd Time)
(King of Sweden)
22 May 1481 - 20 Feb 1513 Oldenburg, Hans Christiansen
22 Jul 1513 - 26 Mar 1523 Oldenburg, Christian II "the Tyrant"
(King of Sweden 01 Nov 1520 - 23 Aug 1521)
Schleswig-Holstein (Slesvig-Holsten)