Israel and Palestine
Part of Egypt
1300 BC Kingdom of Ugarit (Canaan)
2000 BC-1480 BC Hebrew Kingdom
1480-1200 Part of Egyptian Empire
1200 Palestine (Canaan) annexed
1200-931 Hebrew Kingdom
931 BC-163 BC Kingdom of Judah
931 BC-724 BC Kingdom of Samaria
167 BC-44 BC Kingdom of Judea
63 BC-395 AD Annexed by Roman Empire
395 AD-614 AD To Byzantine Empire
614-628 To Sanassid Empire
628-638 To Byzantine Empire
638-1099 Arab conquest
15 Jul 1099 - 31 Jul 1291 Crusader Kingdom of Jersualem
31 Jul 1291 - 23 Aug 1516 To Egypt
23 Aug 1516 - 09 Dec 1917 To Ottoman Empire
09 Dec 1917 British occupation
26 Sep 1918 - 26 May 1923 Palestine part of Trans-Jordan
24 Jul 1922 - 14 May 1948 League of Nations Mandate of Palestine (under UK)
29 Nov 1947 UN Resolution 181 in support of partitioning Palestine
14 May 1948 Independence of the State of Israel declared
14 May 1948 - 20 Jul 1949 Arab-Israeili war
14 May 1948 State of Israel proclaimed
12 Jun 1967 - Israel occupies Westbank (and Gaza to 2005)
12 Jun 1967 - 25 Apr 1982 Israeli occupation of Sinai perninsular
14 Dec 1981 - Israel annexes Golan Hights from Syria (not recognised)
The Ancient Holy Land
Hebrew Kingdom
2000-.... Amorites, Yaqir Amo I
2000-.... Amorites, Saz Anu I
1300-1260 Moses ben Amram
1260-1240 Joshua ben Nun
1240-1230 Othniel ven Kenaz
Ehud ben Gera
Shamgar ben Anath
Deborah
Gideon Jerubaal ben Joash
1090 Ben Gideon, Abimelech
Tola
Jair
Jephtah
Ibzan
Elon
Abdon ben Hillel
Samson ben Manoah
Samson ben Elkana
1030-1010 Ben Saul, Saul I
1010-1008 Ben Saul, Eshbaal I
1010-970 Ben David, David I
970-931 Ben David, Soloman I
Kingdom of Samaria
931-910 Jeroboam I
910-909 Nadab
909-886 Baasa
886-885 Ela
885-874 Omari
874-853 Ahab
853-841 Ahaziah Joram
841-814 Jehu
814-798 Jehahaz
793-783 Jehoash
783-743 Jeroboam II
743-738 Menahem
738-732 Peka
732-724 Hoshea
Kings of Judah
931-913 Ben David, Rehoboham
913-911 Ben David, Abijam
911-870 Ben David, Asa
870-848 Ben David, Jeoshaphat
848-841 Ben David, Joram
841-839 Ben David, Ahaziah
839-835 Ben David, Athilia
835-796 Ben David, Joash
796-781 Ben David, Amahzia
781-740 Ben David, Azariah
740-736 Ben David, Jotham
736-716 Ben David, Achaz
716-687 Ben David, Ezechiah
687-642 Ben David, Mahassiah
642-640 Ben David, Amon
640-609 Ben David, Josia
609-607 Ben David, Jeoahaz
607-606 Ben David, Jeoiakim
606-598 Ben David, Jeoiakin
598-587 Ben David, Mathaniah Zedekiah ben Josiah
587-586 Ben David, Gedaliah ben Ahikan
538-520 Ben David, Sheshbazzar
520-510 Ben David, Zerubabel
510-490 Ben David, Elnathan
490-470 Ben David, Yeho'ezer
470-458 Ben David, Ahzai
458-430 Ben David, Ezra ben Seraiah
445-433 Ben David, Nehemaih ben Hachaliah
433-400 Ben David, Bagoses
300 Ben David, Yehezqiyah
313 Ben David, Hieronymos
170-165 Apollonius
165-163 Lysias
Kingdom of Judea
167-160 Judas Maccabeus
160-143 Jonathan
142-134 Simon
134-104 John Hyrcanus I
104-103 Aristobulus I
103-76 Aleksanda Jannaeus
76-67 Aleksandra
76-66 John Hyrcanus II (1st Time)
66-63 Aristobulus II
63-40 John Hyrcanus II (2nd Time)
40-37 Antigonus I
37-4 Herod I The Great
4-6 Herod Archelaus
4-39 Herod Antipas
4-34 Herod Philip
34-41 Herod Agrippa I
41-44 Herod Agrippa II
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Arab Rulers
1086 - 1091 Artuq
1091 - 1098 Muin ad-Din Soken
1091 - 1098 Najm ad-Din Il Ghazi
Kingdom of Jerusalem
15 Jul 1099 - 18 Jul 1100 Boulogne, Godfrey I .......................... 1060-1100
(Defender of the Holy Sepulchre)
25 Dec 1100 - 02 Apr 1118 Boulogne, Baldwin I .......................... 1058-1118
14 Apr 1118 - 21 Aug 1131 Rethel, Baldwin II ........................... 10..-1131
21 Aug 1131 - 13 Nov 1143 Anjou, Foulque ............................... 1089-1143
21 Aug 1131 - 1153 Rethel, Melisende ............................ 1105-1161
(co-Monarch to 1143)
25 Dec 1143 - 10 Feb 1163 Anjou, Baldwin III ........................... 1130-1163
10 Feb 1163 - 11 Jul 1173 Anjou, Alamdric I ............................ 1136-1174
11 Jul 1174 - 16 Mar 1185 Anjou, Baldwin IV ............................ 1161-1185
16 Mar 1185 - Aug 1186 Anjou, Baldwin V ............................. 1177-1186
16 Mar 1185 - Aug 1186 Raymond III comte de Tripoli ................. 1140-1187
(regent)
Aug 1186 - 25 Jul 1190 Anjou, Sibylle, comtess de Jaffa ............. 1160-1190
Aug 1186 - May 1192 d'Lusignan, Guy .............................. 1150-1194
(co-Monarch)
25 Jul 1190 - 28 Apr 1192 Montferrat, Conrado I ........................ 114.-1192
(co-Monarch)
28 Apr 1192 - 05 Apr 1205 Anjou, Isabelle I ............................ 1172-1205
06 May 1192 - 15 Sep 1197 Champagne, Henri II of Champagne ............. 1166-1197
(co-Monarch)
Jan 1198 - 01 Apr 1205 d'Lusignan, Amalric II ....................... 1155-1205
(co-Monarch)
05 Apr 1205 - 1212 Anjou, Marie ................................. 1192-1212
05 Apr 1205 - 03 Oct 1210 d'Ibelin, Jean de Beirut ..................... 1179-1236
(regent for Marie)
03 Oct 1210 - 1212 Brienne, Jean I .............................. 1170-1237
(co-Monarch)
1212 - 25 Apr 1228 Brienne, Isabelle II ......................... 1212-1228
1225 - 25 Apr 1228 Hohenstaufen, Friedrich II of Sicily ......... 1194-1250
(co-Monarch)
25 Apr 1228 - 21 May 1254 Hohenstaufen, Konrad II of Swabia ............ 1228-1254
21 May 1254 - 29 Oct 1268 Hohenstaufen, Konrad III ..................... 1252-1268
29 Oct 1268 - 24 Mar 1284 Chatillon, Hughes III of Cyprus .............. 1235-1284
24 Mar 1284 - 20 May 1285 Chatillon, Jean II de Poitiers ............... 1259-1285
20 May 1285 - 28 May 1291 Chatillon, Henri II of Cyprus ................ 1270-1324
Mandate of Palestine
British Chief Administrators of the Occupied Enemy Territory - South
16 Apr 1918 - 31 Jul 1919 Sir Arthur Wigram Money ....................... 1866-1951
04 Aug - 31 Dec 1919 Sir Henry Davis Wattson ....................... 1866-1945
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1920 Sir Louis Jean Bols ........................... 1867-1930
British High Commissioners for the League of Nations
01 Jul 1920 - 30 Jun 1925 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel ...................... 1879-1963
30 Jun - 25 Aug 1925 Gilbert Falkingham Clayton .................... 1875-1929
(acting)
25 Aug 1925 - 31 Jul 1928 Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer,
Baron Plumer ................................. 1857-1932
31 Jul - 06 Dec 1928 Sir Henry Charles Luke ........................ 1884-1969
(acting)
06 Dec 1928 - 01 Nov 1931 Sir John Robert Chancellor ................... 1870-1952
01 Nov - 20 Nov 1931 Mark Aitchison Young .......................... 1886-1974
(acting)
20 Nov 1931 - 01 Mar 1938 Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope .................. 1874-1947
03 Mar 1938 - 30 Aug 1944 Sir Harold Alfed MacMichael ................... 1882-1969
01 Nov 1944 - 05 Nov 1945 John Standish Surtees Prendergast
Venker, Viscount Gort ........................ 1886-1946
21 Nov 1945 - 14 May 1948 Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham .................... 1887-1983
Israel
14 May 1948 State of Israel founded (Medinat Yisra'el)
Government: Republic
Capital: Jerusalem (proclaimed 1949), (Tel Aviv de facto).
Language: Hebrew, Arabic, English, Yiddish, Russian.
Religion: Judaism, Islam, Orthodox, Druze.
National Anthem: "Hatikvah" ("Hope").
National Emblem: Manorah.
National Day: Independence day, 14th May (1948).
National Motto: None.
Currency: Israeli Shekel.
Presidents
14 May 1948 - 09 Nov 1952 Chaim Azriel Weizmann ........................ 1874-1952 M
10 Dec 1952 - 23 Apr 1963 Yitzhak Ben-Zvi .............................. 1884-1963 M
24 Apr - 22 May 1963 Kadish Luz ................................... 1895-1972 M
22 May 1963 - 24 May 1973 Zalman Shazar ................................ 1889-1974 M
(Shneur Zalman Rubashov)
24 May 1973 - 29 May 1978 Ephrain Katzir ............................... 1916-2009 A
(Ephraim Katchalsky)
29 May 1978 - 05 May 1983 Yitzahk Navon ................................ 1921-2015 A
05 May 1983 - 13 May 1993 Chaim Herzog ................................. 1918-1997 A
13 May 1993 - 12 Jul 2000 Ezer Weizman ................................. 1924-2005 A
01 Aug 2000 - 01 Jul 2007 Moshe Katzav ................................. 1945- L
(Musa Qatsav)
25 Jan - 15 Jul 2007 Dalia Itzik .................................. 1952- K
(acting for suspended Katzav, interim from 01 Jul)
15 Jul 2007 - 24 Jul 2014 Shimon Peres ................................. 1923-2016 K
(Szymon Perski)
24 Jul 2014 - 07 Jul 2021 Reuven Livlin ................................ 1939- L
07 Jul 2021 - Yitskhak Hertsog ............................. 1960- L
Prime Ministers
17 May 1948 - 07 Dec 1953 David Ben-Gurion (1st Time) .................. 1886-1953 M
(David Gruen)
07 Dec 1953 - 02 Nov 1955 Moshe Sharett ............... ................ 1894-1965 M
(Moshe Shertok)
02 Nov 1955 - 21 Jun 1963 David Ben-Gurion (2nd Time)
21 Jun 1963 - 26 Feb 1969 Levi Eshkol .................................. 1895-1969 A
(Levi Skolnik)
26 Feb 1969 - 03 Jun 1974 Golda Meir ................................... 1898-1978 A
(Golda Mabovych)
03 Jun 1974 - 22 Apr 1977 Yitzhak Rabin (1st Time) ..................... 1922-1995 A
(Yitzhak Rubitzov)
22 Apr 1977 - 10 Oct 1983 Menachem Wolfovich Begin ..................... 1913-1992 H
(Mieczyslaw Biegun)
10 Oct 1983 - 14 Sep 1984 Yitzhak Shamir (1st Time) .................... 1915-2012 H
(Ichak Jaziernicki)
14 Sep 1984 - 20 Oct 1986 Shimon Peres (1st Time) ...................... s.a A
(Szymon Perski)
20 Oct 1986 - 13 Jul 1992 Yitzhak Shamir (2nd Time) L
13 Jul 1992 - 06 Jul 1995 Yitzhak Rabin (2nd Time)
04 Nov 1995 - 18 Jun 1996 Shimon Peres (2nd Time)
18 Jun 1996 - 06 Jul 1999 Benjamin Netanyahu (1st Time) ................ 1949- L
06 Jul 1999 - 07 May 2001 Ehud Barak ................................... 1942- A
(Ehud Brog)
07 May 2001 - 14 Apr 2006 Ariel Sharon ................................. 1928-2014 K
(Ariel Scheinermann)
(declared incapacitated on 04 Jan 2006)
04 Jan 2006 - 31 Mar 2009 Ehud Olmert .................................. 1945- K
(acting for Sharon to 14 Apr 2006)
21 Sep 2008 - 31 Mar 2009 Tzipora Malka Livni .......................... 1958- K
(acting for Olmert)
31 Mar 2009 - 13 Jun 2021 Benjamin Netanyahu (2nd Time)
13 Jun 2021 - 30 Jun 2022 Naftali Bennett .............................. 1972- HYH
01 Jul - 29 Dec 2022 Yair Lapid ................................... 1963- YA
29 Dec 2022 - Benjamin Netanyahu (3rd Time)
A=Avoda = Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisraelity (Israeli Labour Party, social-democratic, since 1968).
C=Communist Party of Israel (Communist).
H=Herut ('Freedom,' nationalist, revisionist Zionist, merged with Likud 1988).
HYH=HaYamin HeHadash (New Right, Zionism, Conservatism).
K=Kadima ('Forward' centerist).
L=Likud = HaLikud (The Consolidation, right-wing Zionist, nationalist).
M=MAPAI (Israeli Workers Party, socialist disspanded 1968).
YA=Yesh Atid ("There is Freedom", Liberalism, secularism).
Palestine
22 Sep 1948 - 1959 All Palestine Government formed
1959 Palestinian government terminated by Egypt
15 Nov 1988 State of Palestine declared
04 May 1994 Palestinian Authority
12 Sep 2005 Israel withdraws from Gaza
14 Jun 2007 - Hamas seizes control of the Gaza Strip
29 Nov 2012 Palestine granted non-member observer status at the United Nations
06 Jan 2013 - Palestinian Authority renamed State of Palestine
Government: Republic.
Capital: Jerusalem (under Israeli occupation since 1967) Ramallah, Gaza (de facto).
Language: Arabic.
Religion: Islam, Orthodox, Druze, Jewish.
National Anthem: "Biladi" ("My Country").
National Emblem: Eagle of Saladin.
National Day: National Day 15th November (1988).
National Motto: None.
Curency: Jordanian Dinar.
Rulers of Philistine
1086-1091 Artuq
1091-1098 Muin ad-Din Soken
1091-1098 Najm ad-Din Il Ghazi
Presidents of the Palestinian Authority
22 Sep 1948 - 1955 Haji Muhammad Amin al-Hussaini ............... 1896-1974
10 Jun 1964 - 24 Dec 1967 Ahmad ash-Shuqeiri ........................... 1907-1980
24 Dec 1967 - 02 Feb 1969 Yahya Hammuda
02 Feb 1969 - 11 Nov 2004 Yasir Arafat ................................. 1929-2004 F
(President of Palestine from 02 Apr 1989)
11 Nov 2004 - 15 Jan 2005 Rauhi Fattouh ................................ 1953-
(acting)
15 Jan 2005 - Mahoud Ridha Abbas ........................... 1935- F
15 Jan 2009 - 02 Jun 2014 Abdul Aziz Duwaik (1st Time, (in opposition) . 1950- H
(Israeli prisoner 29 Jun 2006 - 22 Jun 2009)
19 Oct 2016 - Abdul Aziz Duwaik (2nd Time, (in opposition)
(Israeli prisoner from Oct 2023)
Prime Ministers
01 Oct 1948 - 1959 Ahmad Abd al-Baqi Hilmi ...................... 1878-1963
(In Cairo, Egypt, exile)
30 Apr - 07 Oct 2003 Mahoud Ridha Abbas ........................... s.a
07 Oct 2003 - 29 Mar 2006 Ahmad Ali Muhammed Qureia .................... 1937-2023 F
29 Mar 2006 - 14 Jun 2007 Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh ............. 1962-2024 H
(continued in Gaza to 02 Jun 2014)
17 Jun 2007 - 06 Jun 2013 Salam Fayyad ................................. 1952- TWP
06 Jun 2013 - 10 Mar 2019 Rami Hamdallah ............................... 1958- F
10 Mar 2019 - 31 Mar 2024 Muhammed Shtayyeh ............................ 1958- F
31 Mar 2024 - Muhammad Mustafa ............................. 1954- F
F=Fatha (Socialist, Arab nationalist)
H=Hamas (Islamist)
TWP=Third Way Party (Centerist)
Gaza
14 May 1948 - 12 Jun 1967 Incorporated into Egypt
02 Nov 1956 - 08 Mar 1957 Israeli occupation
12 Jun 1967 - 12 Sep 2005 Israeli occupation
12 Sep 2005 - 14 Jun 2007 Under Palestinian Authority control
14 Jun 2007 - Under Hamas control in rebellion to the Fatha led PLO
02 Jun 2014 - 17 Oct 2016 Unity Government with West Bank Fatha
07 Oct 2023 - Israeli invasion of Gaza
Rulers
1380 Yabitiri
1300 Addaia
734-700 Hanunu
700 Sillibel
332 Batis
100-96 Zoilos
96 Apollodotus
96 Lysimachos
Egyptian Military Governors-general
27 May 1948 - 19.. Mustafa al-Sawaf
19.. - 19.. Mohamed Rashad Danesh
19.. - 19.. Abdallah Rifat
19.. - 02 Nov 1956 Fuad al-Dijani
Mar 1957 - 1959 Mohamed Hassan Abd el-Latif
1959 - 1961 Ahmed Salem
1961 - 30 Apr 1966 Youssef Abdullah al-Agroudi
01 May 1966 - 06 Jun 1967 Mohammed Abdul Moneim Huseini
Israeli Military Governors (also governors of Sinai to 1982)
02 Nov 1956 - 08 Mar 1957 Matti Peled .................................. 1923-1995
12 Jun 1967 - 1969 Yeshayahu Gavish ............................. 1925-
1969 - 1973 Ariel Sharon ................................. 1928-2014
1973 Shmuel Gonen ................................. 1930-1991
1973 Chaim Bar-Lev ................................ 1924-1994
1973 - 1974 Israel Tal ................................... 1924-2010
1974 Avraham Adan ................................. 1926-2012
1974 - 1976 Yekutiel Adam ................................ 1927-1982
1976 - 1978 Hertzl Shapir ................................ 1929-2021
1978 - 1982 Danyal Shomron ............................... 1937-2008
1982 - 1983 Chaim Erez ................................... 1935-
1983 - 1986 Moshe Bar-Kochba ............................. 1930-1992
1986 Uri Sagi
1986 - 1989 Yitzhak Mordechai ............................ 1944-
1989 - 1994 Matan Vilnai ................................. 1944-
1994 - 1996 Shaul Mofaz .................................. 1948-
1996 - 1997 Shlomo Yannai
1997 - 2000 Yom-Tov Samia
2000 - 2003 Doron Almog .................................. 1951-
2003 - 12 Sep 2005 Danyal Harel ................................. 1955-
Hamas Comanders
14 Jun 2007 - 01 Jan 2009 Sheikh Nizar Rayan ........................... 1959-2009 H
02 Jun 2014 - 13 Feb 2017 Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh ............. s.a
13 Feb 2017 - 16 Oct 2024 Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar .................. 1962-2024 H
16 Oct 2024 - Ismail Haniyeh
Heads of the Administration
14 Jun 2007 - 13 Feb 2017 Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh ............. s.a
14 Apr 2019 - 14 Jun 2021 Muhammed Awad
14 Jun 2021 - Essam al-Da'alis ............................. 1966-