European Union
09 May 1950 Schuman Declaration
18 Apr 1951 European Coal and Steel Community
25 Mar 1957 Treaty of Rome creats the European Economic Community
01 Jan 1958 EEC and EURATOM founded
01 Jun 1967 European Communities formed with merger of the EEC,
ESCS and European Atomic Agency
28 Feb 1986 SEA (Single European Act)
07 Feb 1992 Maastricht Treaty signed creating the European Union
01 Nov 1993 European Union
01 Jan 2002 Euro currency introduced
01 Dec 2009 Lisbon Agreement adopted
Capital/Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium.
Languages: 24 official, 3 semi-official.
Anthem: "Ode to Joy".
Emblem: Ring of 12 Stars.
Motto: In Varietate Concordia (United in Diversity).
Day: Europe Day, 9th May (1950).
Currency: Euro.
Presidency of the European Council
01 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 2009 See table below
President of the European Council
01 Jan 2010 - 30 Nov 2014 Herman Achille Van Rompuy ....................... 1947- (Belgium)
01 Dec 2014 - 30 Nov 2019 Donald Franciszek Tusk .......................... 1957- (Poland)
01 Dec 2019 - 30 Nov 2024 Charles Michel .................................. 1975- (Belgium)
01 Dec 2024 - Antonio Luis Santos da Costa .................... 1961- (Portugal)
Presidents of the EU Commission
01 Jan 1958 - 30 Jun 1967 Walter Hallstein ................................ 1901-1982 (West Germany)
01 Jul 1967 - 01 Jul 1970 Jean Max Georges Rey ............................ 1902-1983 (Belgium)
01 Jul 1970 - 01 Mar 1972 Franco Maria Malfatti ........................... 1927-1991 (Italy)
01 Mar 1972 - 05 Jan 1973 Sicco Leendert Mansholt ......................... 1908-1995 (Netherlands)
05 Jan 1973 - 05 Jan 1977 François-Xavier Ortoli .......................... 1925-2007 (France)
05 Jan 1977 - 19 Jan 1981 Roy Harris Jenkins .............................. 1920-2003 (United Kingdom)
19 Jan 1981 - 06 Jan 1985 Gaston Thorn .................................... 1928-2007 (Luxembourg)
06 Jan 1985 - 24 Jan 1995 Jacques Lucien Jean Delors ...................... 1925-2023 (France)
24 Jan 1995 - 15 Mar 1999 Jacques Santer .................................. 1937- (Luxembourg)
15 Mar - 15 Sep 1999 Manuel Marín González ........................... 1949-2017 (Spain)
(acting)
15 Sep 1999 - 22 Nov 2004 Romano Prodi .................................... 1939- (Italy)
22 Nov 2004 - 31 Oct 2014 José Manoel Durão Barroso ....................... 1949- (Portugal)
01 Nov 2014 - 30 Nov 2019 Jean-Claude Juncker ............................. 1954- (Luxembourg)
01 Dec 2019 - Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen .................... 1958- (Germany)
Presidents of the Common Assembly of the ECSC
10 Sep 1952 - 11 May 1954 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak ........................ 1899-1972 (Belgium)
11 May - 19 Aug 1954 Alcide De Gasperi ............................... 1881-1954 (Italy)
19 Aug 1954 - 27 Nov 1956 Giuseppe Pella .................................. 1902-1981 (Italy)
27 Nov 1956 - 19 Mar 1958 Hans Furler ..................................... 1904-1975 (West Germany)
Presidents of the European Parliamentary Assembly
19 Mar 1958 - 28 Mar 1960 Robert Schuman .................................. 1886-1963 (France)
28 Mar 1960 - 27 Mar 1962 Hans Furler ..................................... s.a
Presidents of the European Parliament
27 Mar 1962 - 21 Mar 1964 Gaetano Martino ................................. 1900-1967 (Italy)
21 Mar 1964 - 24 Sep 1965 Jean Pierre Duvieusart .......................... 1900-1977 (Belgium)
24 Sep 1965 - 07 Mar 1966 Victor Leemans .................................. 1901-1971 (Netherlands)
07 Mar 1966 - 11 Mar 1969 Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher ................... 1909-1996 (France)
11 Mar 1969 - 09 Mar 1971 Mario Scelba .................................... 1901-1991 (Italy)
09 Mar 1971 - 13 Mar 1973 Walter Behrendt ................................. 1914-1997 (West Germany)
13 Mar 1973 - 11 Mar 1975 Cornelis Berkhouwer ............................. 1919-1992 (Netherlands)
11 Mar 1975 - 08 Mar 1977 Georges Spénale ................................. 1913-1983 (France)
08 Mar 1977 - 17 Jul 1979 Emilio Colombo .................................. 1920-2013 (Italy)
17 Jul 1979 - 19 Jan 1982 Simone Veil ..................................... 1927-2017 (France)
19 Jan 1982 - 24 Jul 1984 Piet Dankert .................................... 1934-2003 (Netherlands)
24 Jul 1984 - 20 Jan 1987 Pierre Eugène Jean Pflimlin ..................... 1907-2000 (France)
20 Jan 1987 - 25 Jul 1989 Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb ........................ 1925- (United Kingdom)
25 Jul 1989 - 14 Jan 1992 Enrique Barón Crespo ............................ 1944- (Spain)
14 Jan 1992 - 19 Jul 1994 Egon Alfred Klepsch ............................. 1930-2010 (Germany)
19 Jul 1994 - 14 Jan 1997 Klaus Hänsch .................................... 1938- (Germany)
14 Jan 1997 - 20 Jul 1999 José María Gil-Robles Delgada ................... 1935- (Spain)
20 Jul 1999 - 15 Jan 2002 Nicole Fontaine ................................. 1942-2018 (France)
15 Jan 2002 - 20 Jul 2004 Patrick Cox ..................................... 1952- (Ireland)
20 Jul 2004 - 16 Jan 2007 Josep Borrell Fontelles ......................... 1947- (Spain)
16 Jan 2007 - 14 Jul 2009 Hans-Gert Pöttering ............................. 1945- (Germany)
14 Jul 2009 - 17 Jan 2012 Jerzy Karol Buzek ............................... 1940- (Poland)
17 Jan 2012 - 17 Jan 2017 Martin Schulz ................................... 1955- (Germany)
18 Jun - 01 Jul 2014 Gianni Pittella ................................. 1958- (Italy)
(acting)
17 Jan 2017 - 03 Jul 2019 Antonio Tajani .................................. 1953- (Italy)
03 Jul 2019 - 11 Jan 2022 David-Maria Sassoli ............................. 1956-2022 (Italy)
11 Jan 2022 - Roberta Metsola Tedesco Triccas ................. 1979- (Malta)
(acting to 18 Jan 2022)
Presidency of the Council of the E.U | |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1958 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1958 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1959 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1959 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1960 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1960 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1961 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1961 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1962 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1962 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1963 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1963 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1964 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1964 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1965 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1965 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1966 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1966 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1967 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1967 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1968 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1968 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1969 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1969 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1970 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1970 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1971 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1971 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1972 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1972 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1973 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1973 | Denmark |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1974 | West Germany |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1974 | France |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1975 | Ireland |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1975 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1976 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1976 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1977 | United Kingdom |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1977 | Belgium |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1978 | Denmark |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1978 | West Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1979 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1979 | Ireland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1980 | Italy |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1980 | Luxembourg |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1981 | Netherlands |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1981 | United Kingdom |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1982 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1982 | Denmark |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1983 | West Germany |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1983 | Greece |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1984 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1984 | Ireland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1985 | Italy |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1985 | Luxembourg |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1986 | Netherlands |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1986 | United Kingdom |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1987 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1987 | Denmark |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1988 | West Germany |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1988 | Greece |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1989 | Spain |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1989 | France |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1990 | Ireland |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1990 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1991 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1991 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1992 | Portugal |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1992 | United Kingdom |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1993 | Denmark |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1993 | Belgium |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1994 | Greece |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1994 | Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1995 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1995 | Spain |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1996 | Italy |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1996 | Ireland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1997 | Netherlands |
01 Jun - 31 Dec 1997 | Luxembourg |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1998 | United Kingdom |
01 Jun - 31 Dec 1998 | Austria |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 1999 | Germany |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 1999 | Finland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2000 | Portugal |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2000 | France |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2001 | Sweden |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2001 | Belgium |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2002 | Spain |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2002 | Denmark |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2003 | Greece |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2003 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2004 | Ireland |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2004 | Netherlands |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2005 | Luxembourg |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2005 | United Kingdom |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2006 | Austria |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2006 | Finland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2007 | Germany |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2007 | Portugal |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2008 | Slovenia |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2008 | France |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2009 | Czechia |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2009 | Sweden |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2010 | Spain |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2010 | Belgium |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2011 | Hungary |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2011 | Poland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2012 | Denmark |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2012 | Cyprus |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2013 | Ireland |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2013 | Lithuania |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2014 | Greece |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2014 | Italy |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2015 | Latvia |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2015 | Luxembourg |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2016 | Netherlands |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2016 | Slovakia |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2017 | Malta |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2017 | Estonia |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2018 | Bulgaria |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2018 | Austria |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2019 | Romania |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2019 | Finland |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2020 | Croatia |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2020 | Germany |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2021 | Portugal |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2021 | Slovenia |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2022 | France |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2022 | Czechia |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2023 | Sweden |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2023 | Spain |
01 Jan - 30 Jun 2024 | Belgium |
01 Jul - 31 Dec 2024 | Hungary |
Members of the European Union
01 Jan 1958 - Belgium
- France
- (West) Germany
- Italy
- Luxembourg
- The Netherlands
01 Jan 1973 - Denmark
- Ireland
- United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland*
01 Jan 1981 - Greece
01 Jan 1986 - Portugal
- Spain
01 Jan 1995 - Austria
- Finland
- Sweden
01 Jan 2004 - Cyprus
- Czechia
- Estonia
- Hungary
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Malta
- Poland
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
01 Jan 2007 - Bulgaria
- Romania
01 Jul 2013 - Croatia
Note*: Withdrew 31 Jan 2020
Candidate Countries
22 Mar 2004 - F.Y.R.O.M
20 Oct 2005 - Turkey (dormant)
15 Dec 2008 - Montenegro
22 Dec 2009 - Serbia
Applied
28 Apr 2009 - Albania
28 Apr 2009 - Bosnia and Herzegovina
Non Members
Andorra
Armenia (joined the Eurasian Union 2015)
Belarus (joined the Eurasian Union 2015)
Georgia
Iceland (Accession process suspended as of 2013)
Liechtenstein
Monaco
Norway (membership rejected 1994)
Russian Federation (joined the Eurasian Union 2015)
San Marino (application fails due to quorum 2013)
Switzerland (membership rejected 1992)
United Kingdom (member 1973-2020)
Ukraine
©2009
©2006